Handbook on Data Management in Information Systems

585 Pages·2003·17.804 MB·English

by  Jacek Błażewicz, Tadeusz Morzy (auth.), Professor Jacek Błażewicz, Professor Wieslaw Kubiak, Professor Tadeusz Morzy, Professor Marek Rusinkiewicz (eds.)

International Handbooks on Information Systems
Series Editors
Peter Bernus . Jacek Blazewicz . Gunter Schmidt· Michael Shaw
Springer
Berlin
Heidelberg
New York
Hong Kong
London
Milan
Paris
Tokyo
Titles in the Series
P. Bemus, K. Mertins and G. Schmidt (Eds.)
Handbook on Architectures of Information Systems
ISBN 3-540-64453-9
M. Shaw, R. Blanning, T. Strader and A. Whinston (Eds.)
Handbook on Electronic Commerce
ISBN 3-540-65822-X
J. Blazewicz, K. Ecker, B. Plateau and D. Trystram (Eds.)
Handbook on Parallel and Distributed Processing
ISBN 3-540-66441-6
H. H.Adelsberger, B. Collis and J. M. Pawlowski (Eds.)
Handbook on Information Technologies for Education and Training
ISBN 3-540-67803-4
C. W. Holsapple (Ed.)
Handbook on Knowledge Management 1
Knowledge Matters
ISBN 3-540-43527-1
Handbook on Knowledge Management 2
Knowledge Directions
ISBN 3-540-43527-1
P. Bemus, L. Nemes and G. Schmidt (Eds.)
Handbook on Enterprise Architecture
ISBN 3-540-00343-6
J. Blazewicz, W. Kubiak, T. Morzy and M. Rusinkiewicz (Eds.)
Handbook on Data Management in Information Systems
ISBN 3-540-43893-9
Ja cek Blaiewicz . Wieslaw Kubiak
Tadeusz Morzy . Marek Rusinkiewicz
Editors
Handbook
on Data Management
in Information
Systems
With 157 Figures
and 9 Tables
Springer
Professor Jacek Blazewicz e-mail: [e-mail]
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry
Polish Academy of Sciences
ul. Noskowskiego 12
61-704 Poznan, Poland
Professor Wieslaw Kubiak e-mail: [e-mail]
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Faculty of Business Administration
St. John's
NF AlB 3X5, Canada
Professor Tadeusz Morzy e-mail: [e-mail]
Poznan University of Technology
Institute of Computing Science
ul. Piotrowo 3a
60-965 Poznan, Poland
Professor Marek Rusinkiewicz e-mail: [e-mail]
Telcordia Technologies
Information and Computer Science Laboratory
445 South Street MCC-1J346B
Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
ISBN 978-3-642-53441-6 ISBN 978-3-540-24742-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-24742-5
Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek
Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie;
detailed bibliographic data available in the internet at http.lldnb.ddb.de
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material
is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication
of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright
Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained
from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law.
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York
a member of BertelsmannSpringer Science + Business Media GmbH
http://www.springer.de
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2003
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does
not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the
relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
Cover design: Erich Kirchner, Heidelberg
SPIN 10886050 4213130 - 5 4 3 2 1 0 - Printed on acid-free paper
Foreword
This book is the sixth of a running series of volumes dedicated to selected
topics of information theory and practice. The objective of the series is to pro
vide a reference source for problem solvers in business, industry, government,
and professional researchers and gradute students.
The first volume, Handbook on Architecture of Information Systems,
presents a balanced number of contributions from academia and practition
ers. The structure of the material follows a differentiation between model
ing languages, tools and methodologies. The second volume, Handbook on
Electronic Commerce, examines electronic commerce storefront, on-line busi
ness, consumer interface, business-to-business networking, digital payment,
legal issues, information product development and electronic business mod
els. The third volume, Handbook on Parallel and Distributed Processing,
presents basic concepts, methods, and recent developments in the field of
parallel and distributed processing as well as some important aplications of
parallel and distributed computing. In particular, the book examines such
fundamental issues in the above area as languages for parallel processing,
parallel operating systems, architecture of parallel and distributed systems,
parallel database and multimedia systems, networking aspects of parallel and
distributed systems, efficiency of parallel algorithms. The fourth volume on
Information Technologies for Education and Training is· devoted to a pre
sentation of current and future research and applications in the field of ed
ucational technology. The fifth double volume on Knowledge Management
contains an extensive, fundamental coverage of the knowledge management
field.
The present volume of the International Handbooks on Data Manage
ment, as the previous ones, is a joint venture of an international board of
editors, gathering prominent authors of academia and practice, who are well
known specialists in the field of data management. The technology for data
management has evolved during last 30 years from simple file systems through
hierarchical, network, and relational database systems to the new generation
data management technology. This transition was driven by two factors: the
increasing requirements of new data management applications on one side,
and recent developments in database, networking and computer technolo
gies on the other side. Advances in data management technology have led
to new exciting applications such as multimedia systems, digital libraries, e
commerce, workflow management systems, decision support systems, etc. The
intention of the Handbook is to provide practitioners, scientists and gradu
ate students with a comprehensive overview of basic methods, concepts, tools
and techniques applied currently for data management and their use in in
formation system management and development. The handbook contains 11
chapters that cover a wide spectrum of topics ranging from core database
technologies such as data modeling, relational, object-oriented, parallel and
distributed database systems to advanced database systems and XML pro-
VI Foreword
cessing, multimedia database systems, workflow management, data warehous
ing, mobile computing, and data mining. Each chapter includes a compre
hensive overview of the issue covered, proposed solutions to problems, and
directions for further research and development. We hope the handbook will
help readers to better understand the current status of the data management
field and directions of its development.
Summing up, the Handbook is indispensable for academics and profes
sionals who are interested in learning leading experts' coherent and individual
view of the topic.
We would like to express our sincere thanks to the people who have con
tributed to prepare the volume. First, we would like to thank authors for their
submissions. We also want to thank Dr. Muller from the Springer-Verlag for
his encouragement to prepare the volume. Special thanks are addressed to
Mr. Piotr Krzyzag6rski for his excellent job in careful editing and converting
the chapters into a single uniform style of Springer-Verlag format.
J acek Blazewicz
Wieslaw Kubiak
Tadeusz Morzy
Marek Rusinkiewicz
Contents
Foreword ................ ". .................................... V
1. Management of Data: State-of-the-Art and Emerging Trends 1
Jacek Blaiewicz, Tadeusz Morzy
1 Introduction................................................. 2
2 Survey of the Volume. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12
2. Database Systems: from File Systems to Modern Database
Systems ...................................................... 18
Zbyszko K r6likowski, Tadeusz M orzy
1 Introduction - Database Concepts ............................. 19
2 Database System Generations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 21
3 Network Database Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 22
4 Hierarchical Database Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25
5 Relational Database Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 29
6 Object-Oriented Database Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 33
7 Federated, Mediated Database Systems and Data Warehouses .. . .. 38
8 Conclusions................................................. 47
3. Data Modeling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 49
Jeffrey Parsons
1 Introduction................................................. 50
2 Early Concerns in Data Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 50
3 Abstraction in Data Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 52
4 Semantic Data Models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 56
5 Models of Reality and Perception .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 62
6 Toward Cognition-Based Data Management. ... .. . ... .. .. .... ... 66
7 A Cognitive Approach to Data Modeling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 70
8 Research Directions .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 72
4. Object-Oriented Database Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 78
Alfons Kemper, Guido Moerkotte
1 Introduction and Motivation .................................. 80
2 Object-Oriented Data Modeling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 85
3 The Query Language OQL .................................... 106
4 Physical Object Management .................................. 117
5 Architecture of Client-Server-Systems ........................... 135
6 Indexing .................................................... 139
7 Dealing with Set-Valued Attributes ............................ " 160
8 Query Optimization .......................................... 164
9 Conclusion .................................................. 186
VIII Contents
5. High Performance Parallel Database Management Systems 194
Shahram Ghandeharizadeh, Shan Gao, Chris Gahagan, Russ Krauss
1 Introduction ................................................. 195
2 Partitioning Strategies ........................................ 196
3 Join Using Inter-Operator Parallelism .......................... 201
4 ORE: a Framework for Data Migration ......................... 203
5 Conclusions and Future Research Directions ..................... 216
6. Advanced Database Systems ............................... 221
Gottfried Vossen
1 Introduction................................................. 222
2 Preliminaries................................................ 227
3 Data Models and Modeling for Complex Objects ................. 234
4 Advanced Query Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
5 Advanced Database Server Capabilities ......................... 262
6 Conclusions and Outlook ..................................... 274
7. Parallel and Distributed Multimedia Database Systems .... 284
Odej Kao
1 Introduction................................................. 286
2 Media Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
3 MPEG as an Example of Media Compression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
4 Organisation and Retrieval of Multimedia Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
5 Data Models for Multimedia Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
6 Multimedia Retrieval Sequence Using Images as an Example ...... 308
7 Requirements for Multimedia Applications ...................... 318
8 Parallel and Distributed Processing of Multimedia Data .......... 321
9 Parallel and Distributed Techniques for Multimedia Databases ..... 337
10 Case Study: CAIRO - Cluster Architecture for Image Retrieval and
Organisation .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
11 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
8. Workflow Technology: the Support for Collaboration ....... 365
Dimitrios Georgakopoulos, Andrzej Cichocki, Marek Rusinkiewicz
1 Introduction................................................. 367
2 Application Scenario and Collaboration Requirements ............ 368
3 Commercial Technologies Addressing Collaboration Requirements . . 371
4 Evaluation of Current Workflow Management Technology . . . . . . . . . 372
5 Research Problems, Related Work, and Directions ................ 381
6 Summary................................................... 383
9. Data Warehouses .......................................... 387
Ulrich Dorndorf, Erwin Pesch
1 Introduction................................................. 389
2 Basics...................................................... 389
3 The Database of a Data Warehouse ............................ 394
Contents IX
4 The Data Warehouse Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
5 Data Analysis of a Data Warehouse ............................ 411
6 Building a Data Warehouse ................................... 418
7 Future Research Directions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
8 Conclusions................................................. 423
10. Mobile Computing ........................................ 431
Omran Bukhres, Evaggelia Pitoura, Arkady Zaslavsky
1 Introduction ................................................. 433
2 Mobile Computing Infrastructure .............................. 437
3 Mobile Computing Software Architectures
and Models ................................................. 444
4 Disconnected Operation ...................................... 454
5 Weak Connectivity ........................................... 462
6 Data Delivery by Broadcast ................................... 468
7 Mobile Computing Resources and Pointers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
8 Conclusions ................................................. 479
11. Data Mining .............................................. 487
Tadeusz Morzy, Maciej Zakrzewicz
1 Introduction ................................................. 488
2 Mining Associations .......................................... 490
3 Classification and Prediction .................................. 517
4 Clustering .................................................. 540
5 Conclusions ................................................. 558
Index ......................................................... 567
List of Contributors .......................................... 577
1. Management of Data: State-of-the-Art and
Emerging Trends
Jacek Blazewicz1 and Tadeusz Morzy2
1 Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of
Bioinformatics, Poznan, Poland
2 Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan,
Poland
1. Introduction ....................................................... 2
1.1 Database Systems..... .... .... ... ............ ....... ........... 3
1.2 Beyond Database Systems ...................................... 8
1.3 The Future Research .......................................... 11
2. Survey of the Volume ............................................. 12
Abstract. This chapter presents an introduction to the area of data management.
The aim of the chapter is to recall the evolution of the data management during the
past decades in order to present the future trends and emerging fields of research.
In the second part of the chapter the brief survey of the Volume is presented.
J. Błażewicz et al. (eds.), Handbook on Data Management in Information Systems
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003