Handbook of Structural Engineering, Second Edition PDF
Preview Handbook of Structural Engineering, Second Edition
Handbook of STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Edited by WAI-FAH CHEN ERIC M. LUI Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Handbook ofstructural engineering/edited by Wai-Fah Chen, EricM.Lui. —2nded. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references andindex. ISBN 0-8493-1569-7(alk.paper) 1. Structuralengineering. I.Chen, Wai-Fah, 1936-II.Lui, E.M.III. Title. TA633.H36 2004 624.1 —dc22 2004054550 InternationalStandardBookNumber0-8493-1569-7 LibraryofCongressCardNumber2004054550 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Printedonacid-freepaper Abstract Thisbookisanencapsulationofamyriadoftopicsofinteresttoengineersworkinginthestructural analysis,design,andrehabilitationfields.Itisacomprehensivereferenceworkandresourcebookwritten foradvancedstudentsandpracticingengineerswhowishtoreviewstandardpracticesaswellastokeep abreast of new techniques and practices in the field of structural engineering. The Handbook stresses professionalapplicationsandincludesmaterialsthatarepresentedinaneasy-to-readandready-to-use form. It contains many formulas, tables, and charts that give immediate answers to questions arising frompracticalwork.Thebookcoversnotonlytraditionalbutalsonovelandinnovativeapproachesto analysis,design,andrehabilitationproblems. Preface TheprimaryobjectiveofthisneweditionoftheCRCHandbookofStructuralEngineeringistoprovide advanced students and practicing engineers with a useful reference to gain knowledge from and seek solutionstoabroadspectrumofstructuralengineeringproblems.Themyriadoftopicscoveredinthis handbookwillserveasagoodresourceforreaderstoreviewstandardpracticeandtokeepabreastofnew developmentsinthefield. Since the publication of the first edition, a number of new and exciting developments have emerged in the field of structural engineering. Advanced analysis for structural design, performance- based design of earthquake resistant structures, life cycle evaluation, and condition assessment of existing structures, the use of high-performance materials for construction, and design for fire safety are some examples. Likewise, a number of design specifications and codes have been revised by the respective codification committees to reflect our increased understanding of structural behavior. All these developments and changes have been implemented in this new edition. In addition to updating, expanding, and rearranging some of the existing chapters to make the book more informative and cohesive, the following topics have been added to the new edition: fundamental theories of structural dynamics; advanced analysis; wind and earthquake resistant design; design of prestressed concrete, masonry, timber, and glass structures; properties, behavior, and use of high- performance steel, concrete, and fiber-reinforced polymers; semirigid frame structures; life cycle evaluation and condition assessment of existing structures; structural bracing; and structural design for fire safety. The inclusion of these new chapters should enhance the comprehensiveness of the handbook. For ease of reading, the chapters are divided into six sections. Section I presents fundamental prin- ciples of structural analysis for static and dynamic loads. Section II addresses deterministic and prob- abilistic design theories and describes their applications for the design of structures using different construction materials. Section III discusses high-performance materials and their applications for structural design and rehabilitation. Section IV introduces the principles and practice of seismic and performance-baseddesignofbuildingsandbridges.SectionVisacollectionofchaptersthataddressthe behavior,analysis,anddesignofvariousspecialstructuressuchasmultistoryrigidandsemirigidframes, short- and long-span bridges, cooling towers, as well as tunnel and glass structures. Section VI is amiscellanyoftopicsofinteresttostructuralengineers.Inthissectionareincludedmaterialsrelatedto connections,effectivelengthfactors,bracing,floorsystem,fatigue,fracture,passiveandactivecontrol, lifecycleevaluation,condition assessment,andfiresafety. Like its previous edition, this handbook stresses practical applications and emphasizes easy implementations of the materials presented. To avoid lengthy and tedious derivations, many equations, tables, and charts are given in passing without much substantiation. Nevertheless, a succinct discussion of the essential elements is often given to allow readers to gain a better understanding of the underlying theory, and many chapters have extensive reference and reading lists and websites appended at the end for engineers and designers who seek additional or more in-depth information. While all chapters in this handbook are meant to be sufficiently independent of one another, and can be perused without first having proficiency in the materials presented in other chapters, some prerequisite knowledge of the fundamentals of structures is presupposed. Thishandbookistheproductofacumulativeeffortfromaninternationalgroupofacademiciansand practitioners, who are authorities in their fields, graciously sharing their extensive knowledge and invaluable expertise with the structural engineering profession. The authors of the various chapters in this handbook hail from North America, Europe, and Asia. Their scientific thinking and engineering practice are reflective of the global nature of engineering in general, and structural engineering in particular.Theirparticipationinthisprojectisgreatlyappreciated.ThanksarealsoduetoCindyCarelli (acquisitionseditor),JessicaVakili(projectcoordinator),andtheentireproductionstaffofCRCPress formakingtheprocessofproducingthishandbookmoreenjoyable. Wai-FahChen Honolulu,HI EricM.Lui Syracuse,NY The Editors Wai-Fah Chen is presently dean of the College of Engineering at University of Hawaii at Manoa. He was a George E. Goodwin DistinguishedProfessorofCivilEngineeringandheadoftheDepart- mentofStructuralEngineeringatPurdueUniversityfrom1976to1999. HereceivedhisB.S.incivilengineeringfromtheNationalCheng- Kung University, Taiwan, in 1959, M.S. in structural engineering from Lehigh University, Pennsylvania, in 1963, and Ph.D. in solid mechanicsfromBrownUniversity,RhodeIsland,in1966. Dr. Chen received the Distinguished Alumnus Award from National Cheng-Kung University in 1988 and the Distinguished Engineering AlumnusMedalfromBrownUniversityin1999. Dr.Chenistherecipientofnumerousnationalengineeringawards. Most notably, he was elected to the U.S. National Academy of Engineeringin1995,wasawardedtheHonoraryMembershipinthe American Society of Civil Engineers in 1997, and was elected to the AcademiaSinica(NationalAcademyofScience)inTaiwanin1998. Awidelyrespected author,Dr.Chenhasauthoredandcoauthored morethan20engineering books and500technicalpapers.Hecurrentlyservesontheeditorialboardsofmorethan10technicaljournals. Hehasbeenlistedinmorethan30Who’sWhopublications. Dr.Chenistheeditor-in-chiefforthepopular1995CivilEngineeringHandbook,the1997Structural Engineering Handbook, the 1999 Bridge Engineering Handbook, and the 2002 Earthquake Engineering Handbook.HecurrentlyservesastheconsultingeditorfortheMcGraw-Hill’sEncyclopediaofScienceand Technology. HehasworkedasaconsultantforExxonProductionResearchonoffshorestructures,forSkidmore, Owings and Merrill in Chicago on tall steel buildings, for the World Bank on the Chinese University DevelopmentProjects,andformanyothergroups. Eric M. Lui is currently chair of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Syracuse University. He received his B.S. in civil and environmental engineering with high honors from the University of Wisconsin at Madison in 1980 and his M.S. and Ph.D.incivilengineering (majoringinstructuralengineering) from PurdueUniversity,Indiana,in1982and1985,respectively. Dr. Lui’s research interests are in the areas of structural stability, structuraldynamics,structuralmaterials,numericalmodeling,engi- neering computations, and computer-aided analysis and design of building and bridge structures. He has authored and coauthored numerous journal papers, conference proceedings, special publica- tions, and research reports in these areas. He is also a contributing authortoanumberofengineeringmonographsandhandbooks,and isthecoauthoroftwobooksonthesubjectofstructuralstability.In addition to conducting research, Dr. Lui teaches a variety of undergraduate and graduate courses at Syracuse University. He was a recipient of the College of Engineering and Computer Science Crouse Hinds Award forExcellence inTeaching in1997. Furthermore, he has served as thefaculty advisor of SyracuseUniversity’schapteroftheAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers(ASCE)formorethanadecade andwasrecipientoftheASCEFacultyAdvisorRewardProgramfrom2001to2003. Dr.LuihasbeenalongtimememberoftheASCEandhasservedonanumberofASCEpublication, technical, and educational committees. He was the associate editor (from 1994 to 1997) and later the bookeditor(from1997to2000)fortheASCEJournalofStructuralEngineering.Heisalsoamemberof manyotherprofessionalorganizationssuchastheAmericanInstituteofSteelConstruction,American ConcreteInstitute,AmericanSocietyofEngineeringEducation,AmericanAcademyofMechanics,and SigmaXi. He has been listed in more than 10 Who’s Who publications and has served as a consultant for anumberofstateandlocalengineering firms. Contributors T. Balendra Robert J. Dexter Department ofCivilEngineering Department ofCivilEngineering National University ofSingapore University ofMinnesota Singapore Minneapolis, Minnesota Lawrence C. Bank J. Daniel Dolan Department ofCiviland Environmental Department ofCivilandEnvironmental Engineering Engineering University ofWisconsin WashingtonStateUniversity Madison, Wisconsin Pullman,Washington Reidar Bjorhovde Lian Duan The Bjorhovde Group Division ofEngineering Services Tucson, Arizona California Department of Transportation Sacramento, California Brian Brenner Department ofCiviland Environmental Allen C. Estes Engineering Department ofCivilandMechanical Engineering Tufts University United StatesMilitary Academy Medford, Massachusetts West Point, New York Dan M. Frangopol Siu-Lai Chan Department ofCivil, Environmental, and Department ofCiviland Structural Engineering Architectural Engineering Hong KongPolytechnic University University ofColorado Boulder, Colorado Kowloon, Hong Kong Phillip L. Gould Brian Chen Department ofCivilEngineering Wiss, Janney,ElstnerAssociates, Inc. Washington University Irving, Texas St. Louis, Missouri Wai-Fah Chen Achintya Haldar College ofEngineering Department ofCivilEngineering and University ofHawaii atManoa Engineering Mechanics Honolulu, Hawaii TheUniversity ofArizona Franklin Y. Cheng Tucson, Arizona Department ofCivilEngineering University ofMissouri Ronald O. Hamburger Rolla, Missouri Simpson Gumpertz &Heger,Inc. San Francisco,California G. F. Dargush Department ofCivilEngineering Christian Ingerslev State University of NewYork Parsons Brinckerhoff, Inc. Buffalo, New York New York, NewYork Manabu Ito Eric M. Lui University ofTokyo Department ofCivil and Tokyo, Japan Environmental Engineering Syracuse University S. E. Kim Syracuse, New York Department ofCivilEngineering SejongUniversity Peter W. Marshall Seoul,South Korea MHPSystems Engineering Houston, Texas Richard E. Klingner Department ofCivilEngineering Edward G. Nawy University ofTexas Department ofCivil and Austin, Texas Environmental Engineering Rutgers University —TheState University Wilfried B. Kra¨tzig ofNew Jersey Department ofCivilEngineering Piscataway, New Jersey Ruhr-University Bochum Austin Pan Bochum, Germany T.Y. LinInternational SanFrancisco, California Yoshinobu Kubo Department ofCivilEngineering Mark Reno KyushuInstitute ofTechnology Quincy Engineering Tobata, Kitakyushu, Japan Sacramento, California Sashi K. Kunnath Phil Rice Department ofCiviland Environmental ParsonsBrinckerhoff, Inc. Engineering New York,New York University ofCalifornia Davis,California Charles Scawthorn Department ofUrban Management Tien T. Lan KyotoUniversity Instituteof BuildingStructures Kyoto, Japan ChineseAcademy ofBuilding Research Beijing, China Birger Schmidt (deceased) ParsonsBrinckerhoff, Inc. New York,New York Andy Lee OveArrup &Partners N. E. Shanmugam Hong Kong Ltd. Department ofCivil Engineering Kowloon,Hong Kong National University of Singapore Singapore Zongjin Li Department ofCivilEngineering Maurice L. Sharp Hong Kong University ofScience and Consultant —Aluminum Structures Technology Avonmore, Pennsylvania Kowloon,Hong Kong A. K. W. So J. Y. Richard Liew Research Engineering Development Department ofCivilEngineering Fac¸ade andFire Testing NationalUniversity ofSingapore Consultants Ltd. Singapore Yuen Long, Hong Kong
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