Handbook of Smart Cities: Software Services and Cyber Infrastructure PDF
Preview Handbook of Smart Cities: Software Services and Cyber Infrastructure
Muthucumaru Maheswaran Elarbi Badidi Editors Handbook of Smart Cities Software Services and Cyber Infrastructure Handbook of Smart Cities Muthucumaru Maheswaran • Elarbi Badidi Editors Handbook of Smart Cities Software Services and Cyber Infrastructure 123 Editors MuthucumaruMaheswaran ElarbiBadidi SchoolofComputerScience CIT McGillUniversity UAEUniversity Montreal,QC,Canada AlAin,UAE ISBN978-3-319-97270-1 ISBN978-3-319-97271-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97271-8 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018961431 ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2018 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Cities around the world are under immense pressure to accommodate growing populations and address environmental challenges. One idea many cities have started pursuing to address this problem is to leverage Internet technologies and the forthcoming 5G to develop a suite of city-scale cyber-physicalinfrastructures dubbed smart cities. The major objective of smart city projects is to create sustainable,environmentallyfriendlycitiesthatcanprovideservicestotheresidents in the mostefficientmanner.Smartcities couldimproveon existingservicessuch astransportationorprovidenewtypesofservicessuchasgovernancethatwerenot availablebefore.Thescopeofsmartcitiesisever-changingasnewprojectsaround the world are deployed and experiences are gleaned from those projects. Cities manage many critical infrastructures such as transportation, waste management, water resource management, and building services that are ripe for enhancement inasmartcitycontext. Smartcityconceptisgainingmomentumbecauseofthewidespreadavailability ofmanytechnologicalbuildingblockssuchascloudcomputing,superfastwireless networking,andInternetofThings.Insmartcitydeployments,sensorsandactuators that generate and consume massive volumes of data under diverse formats and ontologieswill be integrated into the overallsystem. The data created by the par- ticipatingdevicesneedtobeappropriatelyclassifiedandrelatedsothatduplication andconflictscanbeminimized. Thisbookprovidesaglimpseoftheresearchprojectsthatareunderwayinsmart cities and examinationof the critical issues relevantfor smart cities. The material istargetedtowardresearchers,developersofsmartcitytechnologies,andgraduate studentsinthefieldsofcommunicationsystems,computerscience,anddatascience. Thebookincludes14chaptersfromresearchersworkingonvariousaspectsofsmart city-scalecyber-physicalsystems. The first three chapters deal with infrastructures for smart cities. Chapter 1 providesasurveyoftheInternetofThingsandcomputernetworkingtechnologies atthesmartcityscale.ItdescribessometypicalsmartcityprojectsthatapplyIoTto provide smart services mainly in three areas: smart mobility, smart sustainability, and smart living. In particular, it discusses the unique challenges posed when v vi Preface devicesandsensorsareconnectedinmassivenumberstocloudcomputingbackend servicesandthe securitychallengesofIoTdeploymentsin smartcities. Chapter2 examinestherolesof5GandIoTinfuturesmartcityscenariosandpostulatessome futurechallengesthatcouldemergeinthatcontext.Chapter3describestheuseof cloudsandsensor-baseddevicesformonitoringandmanagingsmartfacilitieslike bridgesandothersmartapplications. TheemergingmultidisciplinaryfieldofurbaninformaticsisthefocusofChap. 4. A variety of issues ranging from IoT infrastructure, mobile crowdsensing, big datamanagement,knowledgemanagementofIoTapplications,toIoTsecurityand privacyarediscussedinthischapter. Casinos are a major part of city-scale entertainment. The evolution of casinos in a 5G smart city scenario is discussed in Chap. 5. In particular, it presents a design of an integrated casino and entertainment architecture called 5G ICEMO, whichreliesonthefuture5Gmicro-operatorsmodel.Itproposesabusinessmodel forIntegratedCasinosandEntertainment(ICE)infuturesmartcitiesandanalyzes howthetechnologiesofcloudcomputing,fogcomputing,analytics,accesscontrol, security handling, virtual reality, robots, etc. can be used to develop ICE micro- operators.Chapter 6 reportson a small-scale prototypesmartparkingdeployment usingIoThardwareandcloudcomputing.Thechapterdescribestheexperimentand theexperiencesobtainedthroughtheexperiment. Vehicular crowdsensing is the focus of Chap. 7. It examines two types of vehicular crowdsensing: public and private. In public crowdsensing, a global database is created using the sensing activity, whereas with private crowdsensing individualqueriesaremappedtotheparticipantswhocouldsolvethecrowdsensing tasks.Thechapterdescribesamodelforpersonalizedvehicularcrowdsensing. Context-sensitive computing is a key smart city technology.In Chap. 8, a new architecturefordeployingcontext-sensitivecomputingatthescaleofsmartcitiesis described.Chapter 9 describesintelligentmobile message supportforsmartcities basedonreinforcementlearning.Chapter10describesthedataintegrationproblem withurbandatastreams. Large-scaleinteroperabilityisafundamentalprobleminsmartcities.Itcouldbe tackledinmanydifferentwaysincludingthecreationandadoptionofstandardized protocols. In Chap. 11, an interesting idea called asymmetric interoperability is presented to tackle the interoperability problem. The chapter addresses the issue ofservicesinteroperabilityinthecontextofsmartcitiesandtheInternetofThings whereservicesareimplementedintheIoTdevices.Thesedevicestypicallyinteract inlargenumberswhileexhibitingdifferentcharacteristics. Videosurveillanceisalreadygainingpopularity.Withsmartcities,theycouldsee evenbroaderdeployment.Chapter 12surveystechnologiesandinfrastructuresfor videosurveillancemanagementinasmartcity.Itprovidestypicalexamplesofsmart cities’ applications that use video surveillance. It also describes on-premises and cloud-basedsolutionsandtheexperimentaltestbedusedtoevaluatetheperformance ofbothsolutionsintermsofCPU,memory,storage,andbandwidthusage. Chapters 13 and 14 focus on transportation in smart cities. The management of electric vehicles in smart cities is the focus of Chap. 12, while information Preface vii presentation to nudge citizens toward greener transportation choices is examined in Chap. 13. Chapter 12 surveys the research efforts concerning electric vehicles charging by focusing on the issue of selection of suitable charging stations. It describes three main configurations: centralized, distributed, and hybrid. It also describeshowmobileedge computingcouldbe usedfor theselection of charging stations. Smart buildings play an important role in smart cities. They have a significant impact on the overallfunctioningof the smart cities. In Chap. 15, a novelenergy harvestingapproach to deploy wireless sensing is described. Approacheslike this couldpavethewaytowardcreatingmaintenance-freeremotedeploymentsinsmart buildingsandpossiblyinsmartcities. Montreal,QC,Canada MuthucumaruMaheswaran AlAin,UAE ElarbiBadidi Contents InternetofThings(IoT)InfrastructuresforSmartCities................... 1 QuangLe-DangandThoLe-Ngoc TheRoleof5GandIoTinSmartCities....................................... 31 AttahiruSuleAlfa,BodhaswarT.Maharaj,HaithamAbuGhazaleh, andBabatundeAwoyemi LeveragingCloudComputingandSensor-BasedDevices intheOperationandManagementofSmartSystems ....................... 55 ShikhareshMajumdar Mobile Computing, IoT andBig DataforUrban Informatics: ChallengesandOpportunities.................................................. 81 AnirbanMondal,PraveenRao,andSanjayKumarMadria 5G Wireless Micro Operators for Integrated Casinos andEntertainmentinSmartCities ............................................ 115 Da-YinLiaoandXueHongWang AnIoT-BasedUrbanInfrastructureSystemforSmartCities .............. 151 Edna Iliana Tamariz-Flores, Kevin Abid García-Juárez, Richard Torrealba-Meléndez, Jesús Manuel Muñoz-Pacheco, andMiguelÁngelLeón-Chávez VehicularCrowdsensingforSmartCities..................................... 175 Tzu-YangYu,XiruZhu,andMuthucumaruMaheswaran TowardsaModelforIntelligentContext-SensitiveComputing forSmartCities .................................................................. 205 SalmanMemon,RichardOlaniyan,andMuthucumaruMaheswaran Intelligent Mobile Messaging for Smart Cities Based onReinforcementLearning..................................................... 227 BehroozShahriariandMelodyMoh ix x Contents AsymmetricInteroperabilityforSoftwareServices inSmartCityEnvironments.................................................... 255 JoséC.Delgado ManagementofVideoSurveillanceforSmartCities......................... 285 Nhat-QuangDao,QuangLe-Dang,RobertMorawski,Anh-TuanDang, andThoLe-Ngoc IntelligentTransportationSystemsEnabledICTFramework forElectricVehicleCharginginSmartCity .................................. 311 Yue Cao, Naveed Ahmad, Omprakash Kaiwartya, Ghanim Puturs, andMuhammadKhalid GreenTransportationChoiceswithIoTandSmartNudging............... 331 AndersAndersen,RandiKarlsen,andWeihaiYu EnergyHarvestinginSmartBuildingSensing:Overview andaProof-of-ConceptStudy.................................................. 355 AristotelisKollias,ColtonBegert,andIoanisNikolaidis Building a Data Pipeline for the Management andProcessing ofUrbanDataStreams.......................................................... 379 ElarbiBadidi,NoufEl Neyadi,MeeraAl Saeedi,FatimaAl Kaabi, andMuthucumaruMaheswaran Index............................................................................... 397 Internet of Things (IoT) Infrastructures for Smart Cities QuangLe-DangandThoLe-Ngoc Abstract Smart City promises to enhance resource utility, cost-effectiveness, sustainabilityandlivingconditionsinurbanenvironmentsbyutilizingInternet-of- Things(IoT)infrastructures.Thischapterpresentsa comprehensivesurveyonthe architecturaldesignandkeywirelesscommunicationtechnologiesthatenableSmart Cityapplications.Inaddition,withtheadoptionandinstallationofIoTdevicesona city-widescale,securingthesedevicesandtheassociatedcommunicationsnetworks becomes an importantissue. As a result, this chapter then continue with a survey to discuss potential security threats for IoT devices in a Smart-City environment, possiblecountermeasuresandopenresearchissues. Keywords SmartCityArchitecture · SmartCitySecurity · SmartCityEnabling Infrastructures 1 IoTand SmartCities: An Introduction Thelastfewdecadeshavewitnessedanunprecedentedtrendoftheworldpopulation movingtoliveinurbanareas.Theyear2008marksabigmilestonethatforthefirst time,morepeoplearelivingincitiesthanintheruralareas1 anditispredictedthat 2050,twooutofeverythreepeoplewillbemetropolitaninhabitants.2 Thisconcentrationofpopulationinsmallareasbringsaboutmanyconsequences including scarcity of natural resources, pollution, insufficiency of infrastructure, and public safety management. As a result, sustainable developmentisthe central 1Urbanpopulation–WorldBank:http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?end= 2015&start=1960&view=chart 2World Population Prospects – UN: http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/news/population/ world-urbanization-prospects-2014.html Q.Le-Dang·T.Le-Ngoc((cid:2)) McGillUniversity,Montréal,QC,Canada e-mail:[email protected];[email protected] ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2018 1 M.Maheswaran,E.Badidi(eds.),HandbookofSmartCities, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97271-8_1
The list of books you might like
