Handbook of Scheduling: Algorithms, Models, and Performance Analysis PDF
Preview Handbook of Scheduling: Algorithms, Models, and Performance Analysis
Handbook of SCHEDULING Algorithms, Models, and Performance Analysis CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC COMPUTER and INFORMATION SCIENCE SERIES Series Editor: Sartaj Sahni PUBLISHED TITLES HANDBOOK OF SCHEDULING: ALGORITHMS, MODELS, AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS Joseph Y-T. Leung FORTHCOMING TITLES HANDBOOK OF COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Srinivas Aluru HANDBOOK OF ALGORITHMS FOR WIRELESS AND MOBILE NETWORKS AND COMPUTING Azzedine Boukerche DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS S. Sitharama Iyengar and Richard R. Brooks SPECULATIVE EXECUTION IN HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTER ARCHITECTURES David Kaeli and Pen-Chung Yew HANDBOOK OF DATA STRUCTURES AND APPLICATIONS Dinesh P. Mehta and Sartaj Sahni HANDBOOK OF BIOINSPIRED ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS Stephan Olariu and Albert Y. Zomaya HANDBOOK OF DATA MINING Sanjay Ranka THE PRACTICAL HANDBOOK OF INTERNET COMPUTING Munindar P. Singh SCALABLE AND SECURE INTERNET SERVICE AND ARCHITECTURE Cheng Zhong Xu CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC COMPUTER and INFORMATION SCIENCE SERIES Handbook of SCHEDULING Algorithms, Models, and Performance Analysis Edited by Joseph Y-T. Leung CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC A CRC Press Company Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. C3979_discl.fm Page 1 Friday, March 19, 2004 2:37 PM Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Catalog record is available from the Library of Congress This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, micro lming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All rights reserved. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the personal or internal use of speci c clients, may be granted by CRC Press LLC, provided that $1.50 per page photocopied is paid directly to Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is ISBN 1-58488-397-9/04/$0.00+$1.50. The fee is subject to change without notice. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Speci c permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copying. Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton, Florida 33431. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identi cation and explanation, without intent to infringe. Visit the CRC Press Web site at www.crcpress.com © 2004 by CRC Press LLC No claim to original U.S. Government works International Standard Book Number 1-58488-397-9 Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Printed on acid-free paper Dedication TomywifeMaria v Preface Schedulingisaformofdecision-makingthatplaysanimportantroleinmanydisciplines.Itisconcerned withtheallocationofscarceresourcestoactivitieswiththeobjectiveofoptimizingoneormoreperformance measures.Dependingonthesituation,resourcesandactivitiescantakeonmanydifferentforms.Resources maybenursesinahospital,busdrivers,machinesinanassemblyplant,CPUs,mechanicsinanautomobile repairshop,etc.Activitiesmaybeoperationsinamanufacturingprocess,dutiesofnursesinahospital, executionsofcomputerprograms,carrepairsinanautomobilerepairshop,andsoon.Therearealso manydifferentperformancemeasurestooptimize.Oneobjectivemaybetheminimizationofthemean flowtime,whileanotherobjectivemaybetheminimizationofthenumberofjobscompletedaftertheir duedates. Schedulinghasbeenstudiedintensivelyformorethan50years,byresearchersinmanagement,industrial engineering,operationsresearch,andcomputerscience.Thereisnowanastoundingbodyofknowledge inthisfield.Thisbookisthefirsthandbookonscheduling.Itisintendedtoprovideacomprehensive coverageofthemostadvancedandtimelytopicsinscheduling.Amajorgoalofthisprojectistobring togetherresearchersintheabovedisciplinesinordertofacilitatecrossfertilization.Theauthorsandtopics chosencutacrossallthesedisciplines. IwouldliketothankSartajSahniforinvitingmetoeditthishandbook.Iamgratefultoalltheauthorsand co-authors(morethan90intotal)whotooktimefromtheirbusyschedulestocontributetothishandbook. Withouttheirefforts,thishandbookwouldnothavebeenpossible.EdmundBurkeandMichaelPinedo havegivenmevaluableadviceinpickingtopicsandauthors.HelenaRedshawandJessicaVakiliatCRC Presshavedoneasuperbjobinmanagingtheproject. IwouldliketothankEdCoffmanforteachingmeschedulingtheorywhenIwasagraduatestudentat PennState.Mywife,Maria,gavemeencouragementandstrongsupportforthisproject. This work was supported in part by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and in part by the NationalScienceFoundation(NSF).FindingscontainedhereinarenotnecessarilythoseoftheFAAor NSF. vii The Editor Joseph Y-T. Leung, Ph.D., is Distinguished Professor of Computer Science in New Jersey Institute of Technology.HereceivedhisB.A.inMathematicsfromSouthernIllinoisUniversityatCarbondaleandhis Ph.D.inComputerSciencefromthePennsylvaniaStateUniversity.SincereceivinghisPh.D.,hehastaught atVirginiaTech,NorthwesternUniversity,UniversityofTexasatDallas,UniversityofNebraskaatLincoln, andNewJerseyInstituteofTechnology.HehasbeenchairmanatUniversityofNebraskaatLincolnand NewJerseyInstituteofTechnology. Dr.LeungisamemberofACMandaseniormemberofIEEE.Hisresearchinterestsincludescheduling theory,computationalcomplexity,discreteoptimization,real-timesystems,andoperatingsystems.His researchhasbeensupportedbyNSF,ONR,FAA,andTexasInstruments. ix Contributors RichaAgarwal SanjoyBaruah XiaoqiangCai GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology UniversityofNorthCarolina ChineseUniversityof DepartmentofIndustrial& DepartmentofComputer HongKong SystemsEngineering Science DepartmentofSystems Atlanta,Georgia ChapelHill,NorthCarolina Engineering&Engineering Management SanjayL.Ahire Shatin,HongKong JacekB(cid:1)laz˙ewicz UniversityofDayton Poznan´ Universityof DepartmentofMIS,OM, Technology JacquesCarlier andDS InstituteofComputingScience Compie`gneUniversityof Dayton,Ohio Poznan´,Poland Technology Compie`gne,France RavindraK.Ahuja UniversityofFlorida N.Brauner DepartmentofIndustrial& JohnCarpenter IMAG SystemsEngineering UniversityofNorthCarolina Grenoble,France Gainesville,Florida DepartmentofComputer Science Yalc‚inAkc‚ay R.P.Brazile ChapelHill,NorthCarolina Koc¸University UniversityofNorthTexas Istanbul,Turkey DepartmentofComputer XiuliChao Science&Engineering NorthCarolinaStateUniversity JamesAnderson Denton,Texas DepartmentofIndustrial UniversityofNorthCarolina Engineering DepartmentofComputer PeterBrucker Raleigh,NorthCarolina Science UniversityofOsnabru¨ck ChapelHill,NorthCarolina DepartmentofMathematics ChandraChekuri HakanAydin Osnabru¨ck,Germany BellLaboratories GeorgeMasonUniversity MurrayHill,NewJersey DepartmentofComputer EdmundK.Burke Science UniversityofNottingham BoChen Fairfax,Virginia SchoolofComputerScience UniversityofWarwick Nottingham,UnitedKingdom WarwickBusinessSchool AnantaramBalakrishnan Coventry,UnitedKingdom UniversityofTexas Austin,Texas MarcoCaccamo UniversityofIllinois DejiChen PhilippeBaptiste DepartmentofComputer Fisher-Rosemount CNRS,EcolePolytechnique Science Systems,Inc. Palaiseau,France Urbana,Illinois Austin,Texas xi ArturCzumaj TeofiloF.Gonzalez JoannaJo´zefowska NewJerseyInstituteof UniversityofCalifornia Poznan´ Universityof Technology DepartmentofComputer Technology DepartmentofComputer Science InstituteofComputingScience Science SantaBarbara,California Poznan´,Poland Newark,NewJersey Joe¨lGoossens PhilipKaminsky Universite´LibredeBrussels PatrickDeCausmaecker UniversityofCalifornia DepartmentofDataProcessing KaHoSint-Lieven DepartmentofIndustrial Brussels,Belgium DepartmentofIndustrial Engineering&Operations Engineering ValeryS.Gordon Research Gent,Belgium NationalAcademyofSciences Berkeley,California ofBelarus SudarshanK.Dhall UnitedInstituteofInformatics JohnJ.Kanet UniversityofOklahoma SchoolofComputerScience Problems UniversityofDayton Norman,Oklahoma Minsk,Belarus DepartmentofMIS,OM andDS MichaelF.Gorman MaciejDrozdowski Dayton,Ohio UniversityofDayton Poznan´ UniversityofTechnology DepartmentofMIS,OM, InstituteofComputingScience andDS HansKellerer Poznan´,Poland Dayton,Ohio UniversityofGraz InstituteforStatistics& Pierre-FrançoisDutot KevinI-J.Ho OperationsResearch CNRS ChunShanMedicalUniversity Graz,Austria LabInformatique DepartmentofInformation etDistribution Management SanjeevKhanna Montbonnot,France Taiwan,China UniversityofPennsylvania KellyEaston DoritHochbaum DepartmentofComputer& KansasStateUniversity UniversityofCalifornia InformationScience SchoolofIndustrial& HaasSchoolofBusiness,and Philadelphia,Pennsylvania ManufacturingSystems DepartmentofIndustrial Engineering Engineering&Operations YoungManKim Manhattan,Kansas Research KookminUniversity Berkeley,California SchoolofComputerScience G.Finke Seoul,SouthKorea PhilipHolman IMAG UniversityofNorthCarolina Grenoble,France DepartmentofComputer GiladKoren ShelbyFunk Science Bar-IlanUniversity UniversityofNorthCarolina ChapelHill,NorthCarolina ComputerScience DepartmentofComputer Department H.Hoogeveen Science Ramat-Gan,Israel UtrechtUniversity ChapelHill,NorthCarolina DepartmentofComputer WieslawKubiak Science KarstenGentner MemorialUniversityof Utrecht,Netherlands UniversityofKarlsruhe Newfoundland InstituteofEconomicTheory AntoineJouglet FacultyofBusiness andOperationsResearch CNRS Administration Karlsruhe,Germany Compie`gne,France St.John’s,Canada xii
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