HANDBOOK OF RESEARCH ON FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGIES Volume 5 Emerging Techniques for Food Processing, Quality, and Safety Assurance Handbook of Research on Food Processing and Preservation Technologies, 5 volume set: Volume 1: Nonthermal and Innovative Food Processing Methods Volume 2: Nonthermal Food Preservation and Novel Processing Strategies Volume 3: Computer-Aided Food Processing and Quality Evaluation Techniques Volume 4: Design and Development of Specific Foods, Packaging Systems, and Food Safety Volume 5: Emerging Techniques for Food Processing, Quality, and Safety Assurance Innovations in Agricultural and Biological Engineering HANDBOOK OF RESEARCH ON FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGIES Volume 5 Emerging Techniques for Food Processing, Quality, and Safety Assurance Edited by Monika Sharma, PhD Megh R. Goyal, PhD, PE Preeti Birwal, PhD First edition published 2022 Apple Academic Press Inc. 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Goyal, PhD, PE, Preeti Birwal, PhD. Names: Sharma, Monika (Food scientist), editor. | Goyal, Megh R., editor. | Birwal, Preeti, editor. Series: Innovations in agricultural and biological engineering. Description: First edition. | Series statement: Innovations in agricultural and biological engineering | Includes bibliographical references and indexes. | Contents: Volume 5. Emerging techniques for food processing, quality, and safety assurance. Identifiers: Canadiana (print) 20210143002 | Canadiana (ebook) 2021014307X | ISBN 9781771889827 (v. 1; hardcover) | ISBN 9781774638514 (v. 1 ; softcover) | ISBN 9781774630037 (v. 2 ; hardcover) | ISBN 9781774638521 (v. 2 ; softcover) | ISBN 9781774630334 (v. 3 ; hardcover) | ISBN 9781774638538 (v. 3 ; softcover) | ISBN 9781774630341 (v. 4 ; hardcover) | ISBN 9781774638545 (v. 4 ; softcover) | ISBN 9781774630358 (v. 5 ; hardcover) | ISBN 9781774638552 (v. 5 ; softcover) | ISBN 9781003153221 (v. 1 ; ebook) | ISBN 9781003161295 (v. 2 ; ebook) | ISBN 9781003184591 (v. 3 ; ebook) | ISBN 9781003184645 (v. 4 ; ebook) | ISBN 9781003184720 (v. 5 ; ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Food industry and trade. | LCSH: Food—Preservation. Classification: LCC TP371.2 .H36 2021 | DDC 664/.028—dc23 Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data CIP data on file with US Library of C ongress ISBN: 978-1-77463-036-5 (5-volume set) ISBN: 978-1-77463-035-8 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-77463-855-2 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-00318-472-0 (ebk) ABOUT THE BOOK SERIES: INNOVATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING Under this book series, Apple Academic Press Inc. is publishing book volumes over a span of 8–10 years in the specialty areas defined by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (www.asabe. org). Apple Academic Press Inc. aims to be a principal source of books in agricultural and biological engineering. We welcome book proposals from readers in areas of their expertise. The mission of this series is to provide knowledge and techniques for agri cultural and biological engineers (ABEs). The book series offers high-quality reference and academic content on agricultural and biological engineering (ABE) that is accessible to academicians, researchers, scientists, university faculty and university-level students, and professionals around the world. Agricultural and biological engineers ensure that the world has the neces sities of life, including safe and plentiful food, clean air and water, renewable fuel and energy, safe working conditions, and a healthy environment by employing knowledge and expertise of the sciences, both pure and applied, and engineering principles. Biological engineering applies engineering prac tices to problems and opportunities presented by living things and the natural environment in agriculture. ABE embraces a variety of the following specialty areas (www.asabe.org): aquaculture engineering, biological engineering, energy, farm machinery and power engineering, food, and process engineering, forest engineering, information, and electrical technologies, soil, and water conservation engi neering, natural resources engineering, nursery, and greenhouse engineering, safety, and health, and structures and environment. For this book series, we welcome chapters on the following specialty areas (but not limited to): 1. Academia to industry to end-user loop in agricultural engineering. 2. Agricultural mechanization. 3. Aquaculture engineering. 4. Biological engineering in agriculture. 5. Biotechnology applications in agricultural engineering. 6. Energy source engineering. vi About the Book Series: Innovations in Agricultural and Biological Engineering 7. Farm to fork technologies in agriculture. 8. Food and bioprocess engineering. 9. Forest engineering. 10. GPS and remote sensing potential in agricultural engineering. 11. Hill land agriculture. 12. Human factors in engineering. 13. I mpact of global warming and climatic change on agriculture economy. 14. Information and electrical technologies. 15. Irrigation and drainage engineering. 16. Micro-irrigation engineering. 17. Milk Engineering. 18. Nanotechnology applications in agricultural engineering. 19. Natural resources engineering. 20. Nursery and greenhouse engineering. 21. Potential of phytochemicals from agricultural and wild plants for human health. 22. Power systems and machinery design. 23. Robot engineering and drones in agriculture. 24. Rural electrification. 25. Sanitary engineering. 26. Simulation and computer modeling. 27. Smart engineering applications in agriculture. 28. Soil and water engineering. 29. Structures and environment engineering. 30. Waste management and recycling. 31. Any other focus areas. Books published in the Innovations in Agricultural & Biological Engineering Series • Biological and Chemical Hazards in Food and Food Products: Prevention, Practices, and Management • Bioremediation and Phytoremediation Technologies in Sustainable Soil Management o Volume 1: Fundamental Aspects and Contaminated Sites o Volume 2: Microbial Approaches and Recent Trends o Volume 3: Inventive Techniques, Research Methods and Case Studies o Volume 4: Degradation of Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls About the Book Series: Innovations in Agricultural and Biological Engineering vii • Dairy Engineering: Advanced Technologies and Their Applications • Developing Technologies in Food Science: Status, Applications, and Challenges • Emerging Technologies in Agricultural Engineering • Engineering Interventions in Agricultural Processing • Engineering Interventions in Foods and Plants • Engineering Practices for Agricultural Production and Water Conservation: An Interdisciplinary Approach • Engineering Practices for Management of Soil Salinity: Agricultural, Physiological, and Adaptive Approaches • Engineering Practices for Milk Products: Dairyceuticals, Novel Technologies, and Quality • Field Practices for Wastewater Use in Agriculture: Future Trends and Use of Biological Systems • Flood Assessment: Modeling and Parameterization • Food Engineering: Emerging Issues, Modeling, and Applications • Food Process Engineering: Emerging Trends in Research and Their Applications • Food Processing and Preservation Technology: Advances, Methods, and Applications • Food Technology: Applied Research and Production Techniques • Handbook of Research on Food Processing and Preservation Technologies: o Volume 1: Nonthermal and Innovative Food Processing Methods o Volume 2: Nonthermal Food Preservation and Novel Processing Strategies o Volume 3: Computer-Aided Food Processing and Quality Evaluation Techniques o Volume 4: Design and Development of Specific Foods, Packaging Systems, and Food Safety o Volume 5: Emerging Techniques for Food Processing, Quality, and Safety Assurance • Modeling Methods and Practices in Soil and Water Engineering • Nanotechnology and Nanomaterial Applications in Food, Health, and Biomedical Sciences • Nanotechnology Applications in Agricultural and Bioprocess Engineering: Farm to Table • Nanotechnology Applications in Dairy Science: Packaging, Processing, and Preservation viii About the Book Series: Innovations in Agricultural and Biological Engineering • Novel Dairy Processing Technologies: Techniques, Management, and Energy Conservation • Novel Strategies to Improve Shelf-Life and Quality of Foods: Quality, Safety, and Health Aspects • Processing of Fruits and Vegetables: From Farm to Fork • Processing Technologies for Milk and Milk Products: Methods, Applications, and Energy Usage • Scientific and Technical Terms in Bioengineering and Biological Engineering • Soil and Water Engineering: Principles and Applications of Modeling • Soil Salinity Management in Agriculture: Technological Advances and Applications • State-of-the-Art Technologies in Food Science: Human Health, Emerging Issues and Specialty Topics • Sustainable Biological Systems for Agriculture: Emerging Issues in Nanotechnology, Biofertilizers, Wastewater, and Farm Machines • Technological Interventions in Dairy Science: Innovative Approaches in Processing, Preservation, and Analysis of Milk Products • Technological Interventions in Management of Irrigated Agriculture • Technological Interventions in the Processing of Fruits and Vegetables • Technological Processes for Marine Foods, from Water to Fork: Bioactive Compounds, Industrial Applications, and Genomics OTHER BOOKS ON AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING FROM APPLE ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Management of Drip/Trickle or Micro Irrigation Megh R. Goyal, PhD, PE, Senior Editor-in-Chief Evapotranspiration: Principles and Applications for Water Management Megh R. Goyal, PhD, PE, and Eric W. Harmsen, Editors Book Series: Research Advances in Sustainable Micro Irrigation Senior Editor-in-Chief: Megh R. Goyal, PhD, PE Volume 1: Sustainable Micro Irrigation: Principles and Practices Volume 2: Sustainable Practices in Surface and Subsurface Micro Irrigation Volume 3: Sustainable Micro Irrigation Management for Trees and Vines Volume 4: Management, Performance, and Applications of Micro Irrigation Systems Volume 5: Applications of Furrow and Micro Irrigation in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions Volume 6: Best Management Practices for Drip Irrigated Crops Volume 7: Closed Circuit Micro Irrigation Design: Theory and Applications Volume 8: Wastewater Management for Irrigation: Principles and Practices Volume 9: Water and Fertigation Management in Micro Irrigation Volume 10: Innovation in Micro Irrigation Technology Book Series: Innovations and Challenges in Micro Irrigation Senior Editor-in-Chief: Megh R. Goyal, PhD, PE Volume 1: Management of Drip/Trickle or Micro Irrigation Volume 2: Sustainable Micro Irrigation Design Systems for Agricultural Crops Volume 3: Principles and Management of Clogging in Micro Irrigation Volume 4: Performance Evaluation of Micro Irrigation Management