HANDBOOK OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Public administration as a field of study finds itself in the middle of a fluid environment. The very reach and complexity of public administration has been easy to take for granted, easy to attack, and difficult to explain, particularly in the soundbite and Twitter-snipe media environment. Not only has the context for the discipline changed, but the institutions of public administration have adapted and innovated to deliver services to the public and serve those in power while becoming increasingly complex themselves. Has public administration evolved? And what new lines of research are criti- cal for effective policy and delivery of programs and public services while preserving foundational principles such as the rule of law and expert institutions? This Handbook of Public Administration sheds light for new researchers, doctoral students, scholars, and practitioners interested in probing modern public administration’s role in solving major challenges facing nations and the world. This fourth edition recognizes that the scholarship of public administration must reflect the diverse influence of an international orientation, embracing public administration issues and prac- tices in governance systems around the world, and illustrating just how practice can vary across jurisdictions. Every section identifies foundational principles and issues, shows variation in prac- tice across selected jurisdictions, and identifies promising avenues for research. Each chapter re- visits enduring themes and tensions, showing how they persist, along with new challenges and opportunities presented by digital technology and contemporary political realities. The Handbook of Public Administration, Fourth Edition provides a compelling introduction to and depiction of the contemporary realities of public administration, and it will inspire new avenues of inquiry for the next generation of public administration researchers. W. Bartley Hildreth is Professor and former Dean in the Andrew Young School of Policy Studies at Georgia State University in Atlanta. He is a Fulbright scholar, a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration, and recipient of the Aaron B. Wildavsky Award for lifetime scholarship. Gerald J. Miller retired in 2017 as Professor of Public Administration in the School of Public Affairs at Arizona State University in Phoenix. He was a Fulbright Scholar and received the Aaron B. Wildavsky Award for lifetime scholarship. Evert A. Lindquist is Professor, School of Public Administration, University of Victoria, and former Director of the School (1998–2015). He serves as Editor of the Institute of Public Admin- istration of Canada’s scholarly journal, Canadian Public Administration. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND PUBLIC POLICY A Comprehensive Publication Program Editor-In-Chief David H. Rosenbloom Distinguished Professor of Public Administration American University, Washington, DC RECENTLY PUBLISHED BOOKS COST AND OPTIMIZATION IN GOVERNMENT An Introduction to Cost Accounting, Operations Management, and Quality Control, Second Edition Aman Khan THE NONPROFIT HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK From Theory to Practice Edited by Jessica E. Sowa and Jessica K. A. Word THE PRACTICE OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Edited by Jerrold Keilson and Michael Gubser PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT IN LOCAL SUSTAINABILITY POLICY Susan M. Opp, Samantha L. Mosier, and Jefrey L. Osgood, Jr., with Mark W. Davis GOVERNANCE NETWORKS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND PUBLIC POLICY Christopher J. Koliba, Jack W. Meek, Asim Zia, and Russell W. Mills BUILDING THE COMPENSATORY STATE An Intellectual History and Theory of American Administrative Reform Robert F. Durant SOCIAL EQUITY AND LGBTQ RIGHTS Dismantling Discrimination and Expanding Civil Rights Lorenda A. Naylor HANDBOOK OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Fourth Edition W. Bartley Hildreth, Gerald J. Miller and Evert A. Lindquist For more information about this series please visit: https://www.routledge.com/Public- Administration-and-Public-Policy/book-series/AUEPUBADMPUP HANDBOOK OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION FOURTH EDITION Edited by W. Bartley Hildreth, Gerald J. Miller and Evert A. Lindquist Fourth edition published 2021 by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2021 Taylor & Francis The right of W. Bartley Hildreth, Gerald J. Miller and Evert A. Lindquist to be identifed as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifcation and explanation without intent to infringe. Third edition published by Routledge 2007 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record has been requested for this book ISBN: 978-1-4987-5003-5 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-032-00529-4 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-27068-0 (ebk) Typeset in Bembo by codeMantra Dedicated to Professor Jack Rabin for his contributions to public administration CONTENTS Notes on Contributors x 1 Introduction to the Fourth Edition of the Handbook of Public Administration 1 Evert A. Lindquist, W. Bartley Hildreth, and Gerald J. Miller PART 1 THE CONTEMPORARY COMPLEXITY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 11 Foundations and Tensions in Public Administration 12 2 A Transfer-of-Ideas Approach to the History of Public Administration: The Hybridizations of Administrative Traditions 13 Céline Mavrot, Christian Rosser, Fritz Sager, and Pascal Y. Hurni 3 The Administrative Presidency and the Degradation of the United States Civil Service 25 William G. Resh 4 The Idea of Administrative Law and the Expansion of the Administrative State 40 Lorne Sossin 5 The Challenges of Discretion, Collaboration, and Ambiguity for Administrative Law: Researchable Themes and Issues 55 Christine Ledvinka Rush vii Contents The Evolving and Increasing Variety of Public Administration 66 6 Federalism and Multilevel Governance: Contexts for Public Administration 67 Herman Bakvis 7 Concurrent Sourcing in Public Services: Theory, Evidence and Future Research 83 Simon Porcher 8 Multilevel Network Governance in Emergency Management 94 Qian Hu and Naim Kapucu 9 The Many Publics of Government Organizations 107 John Clayton Thomas and John Alford 10 Engaging Citizens, Clients, and Communities for Policy and Service Delivery 120 Robyn Keast Analyzing Public Administration with Complexity Lens 134 11 Complexity in Public Management: Perspectives, Institutions, and Practices 135 Elizabeth Anne Eppel, Mary Lee Rhodes, and Lasse Gerrits 12 How Complexity Informs Public Policy and Administrative Practice: Selected International Cases 147 Mary Lee Rhodes, Lasse Gerrits, and Elizabeth Anne Eppel 13 The Enmeshment of the Machine in Complex Governance Processes and Networks 162 Lasse Gerrits, Elizabeth Anne Eppel, and Mary Lee Rhodes PART 2 CRUCIBLES FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: MONEY, PEOPLE, POLICY 173 Budgeting and Performance Monitoring for More Complex Environments 174 14 From Theories to Practice: The Ongoing Search for Control, Efficiency, Transparency and Results in Government 175 Katherine G. Willoughby 15 Conformity and Diversity in Budgetary Systems: Aspirations, Routines, and Recalibration 197 John Wanna viii Contents 16 Performance Management: Experiences and Challenges 210 Tom Christensen and Per Lægreid 17 Aptitude, Accountability, and Adaptation: Research Themes for Public Budgeting, Financial Management, and Accountability 223 Justin Marlowe Modernizing Human Resources Systems for the Public Sector 239 18 Developing Public Servants: International Trends in Human Resource Management 240 Rex L. Facer II 19 Human Resource Reforms in South Asia, the Caribbean, Latin America, and the United States 249 Charlene M. L. Roach, Shahrin Shabnam Upoma, Meghna Sabharwal, and Hugo Renderos 20 Rapid Advances in HRM Technologies and Public Employment Systems: A Research Agenda for Acquiring and Managing Talent 272 Jared J. Llorens Public Administration and Regenerating the Policy Cycle 282 21 The Policy Cycle and Policy Theory: From Theory-Building to Policy Making 283 Catherine Althaus and David Threlfall 22 Agenda-Setting in Comparative Perspective: Contrasting Policy-Making in France, the United Kingdom and the United States 293 Emiliano Grossman and Friederike Richter 23 The Policy Cycle: From Heuristic to a Theory-Informed Research and Advice 303 Evert A. Lindquist and Adam Wellstead Index 323 ix