International Series in Operations Research & Management Science Shiuh-Nan Hwang Hsuan-Shih Lee Editors Joe Zhu Handbook of Operations Analytics Using Data Envelopment Analysis International Series in Operations Research & Management Science Volume 239 SeriesEditor CamilleC.Price StephenF.AustinStateUniversity,TX,USA AssociateSeriesEditor JoeZhu WorcesterPolytechnicInstitute,MA,USA FoundingSeriesEditor FrederickS.Hillier StanfordUniversity,CA,USA More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/6161 Shiuh-Nan Hwang • Hsuan-Shih Lee • Joe Zhu Editors Handbook of Operations Analytics Using Data Envelopment Analysis Editors Shiuh-NanHwang Hsuan-ShihLee DepartmentofBusiness CollegeofMaritimeScience Administration andManagement MingChuanUniversity NationalTaiwanOceanUniversity Taipei,Taiwan Keelung,Taiwan JoeZhu SchoolofBusiness WorcesterPolytechnicInstitute Worcester,MA,USA ISSN0884-8289 ISSN2214-7934 (electronic) InternationalSeriesinOperationsResearch&ManagementScience ISBN978-1-4899-7703-8 ISBN978-1-4899-7705-2 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-1-4899-7705-2 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016941328 ©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaNewYork2016 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerScience+BusinessMediaLLCNewYork Preface In recent years, handbooks on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) have been published. They include Handbook on Data Envelopment Analysis (eds, W.W. Cooper, L.M. Seiford, and J. Zhu, 2011, Springer), Data Envelopment Analysis: A Handbook of Modeling Internal Structures and Networks (eds, W.D.CookandJ.Zhu,2014,Springer),DataEnvelopmentAnalysis:AHandbook of Models and Methods (ed. J. Zhu, 2015, Springer), and Data Envelopment Analysis: A Handbook of Empirical Studies and Applications (ed. J. Zhu, 2016, Springer).Itis well known thatDEAis a“data-oriented” approach for evaluating the performance of a set of entities called decision-making units (DMUs) whose performance is categorized by multiple metrics. These performance metrics are classifiedortermedasinputsandoutputs.Ingeneral,DEAfindsanenvelopmentfor asetofdata.Thisenvelopmentiscalledefficientfrontier(inproductiontheory)or best-practice frontier (in benchmarking terminology). While many DEA applica- tionscanbeviewedasestimationofproductionfunctions,DEAcanalsobeapplied tomanufacturingaswellasserviceoperationswhereDEAisusedasaversatiletool formakingvariousoperationaldecisions. TocomplementtheexistingDEAhandbooks,thecurrenthandbookfocuseson DEA applications in operations analytics which are fundamental tools and tech- niquesforimprovingoperationfunctionsandattaininglong-termcompetitiveness. Infact,thechaptersinthehandbookdemonstratethatDEAcanbeviewedasData EnvelopmentAnalytics. Chapter1,byRuizandSirvent,reviewscross-efficiencyevaluationwhichpro- videsapeerappraisalinwhicheachDMUisevaluatedfromtheperspectiveofall oftheothersbyusingtheirDEAweights. Chapter 2, by Zhou, Poh, and Ang, presents a case study on measuring the environmentalperformanceofOECDcountries.Environmentalperformancemea- surement provides an analytical foundation for environmental policy analysis and decisionmaking. v vi Preface Chapter 3, by Serrano-Cinca, Mar-Molinero, and Fuertes Calle´n, demonstrates how to select a set of performance metrics (inputs and outputs) in DEA with an applicationtoAmericanbanks. Chapter 4, by Liu, proposes using a relational network model to take the operations of individual periods into account in measuring efficiencies, and the inputandoutputdataaretreatedasfuzzynumbers. Chapter5,byAvkiranandZhu,showshowtheefficientfrontiermethodsDEA and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) can be used synergistically. As part of the illustration, the authors directly compare locally incorporated foreign banks with Chinesedomesticbanks. Chapter 6, by de la Torre, Sagarra, and Agasisti, integrates DEA and multidimensional scaling, with the aim to discuss the potential complementarities andadvantagesofcombiningbothmethodologiesinordertorevealtheefficiency frameworkandinstitutionalstrategiesoftheSpanishhighereducationsystem. Chapter 7, by Wu, Kweh, Lu, Hung, and Chang, constructs a dynamic three- stage network DEA model which evaluates the R&D efficiency, technology- diffusion efficiency, and value-creation efficiency of Taiwanese R&D organiza- tionsovertheperiod2005–2009. Chapter 8, by Wanke and Barros, presents a bootstrapping-based methodology toevaluatereturnstoscaleandconvexityassumptionsinDEA. Chapter9,byLozano,Hinojosa,Marmol,andBorrero,studiesthepossibilities of hybridizing DEA and cooperative games. Specifically, bargaining games and transferableutilitygames(TUgames)areconsidered. Chapter 10, by Fukuyama and Weber, uses DEA to represent the production technology and directional distance functions to measure bank performance. The performance measure allows the researcher to compare observed inputs and out- puts, including undesirable outputs, with the outputs and inputs that might be producedif aproducer were abletooptimallychoose productionplansrelativeto adynamicbenchmarktechnology. Chapter 11, by Ke, presents an input-specific Luenberger energy and environ- mental productivity indicator. DEA is utilized to estimate the directional distance function for composing the Luenberger energy and environmental productivity indicator. Chapter12,byMehdiloozadandSahoo,addressestheissueofreferencesetby differentiatingbetweentheuniquelyfoundreferenceset,calledtheglobalreference set (GRS), and the unary and maximal types of the reference set for which the multiplicity issue may occur. The authors propose a general linear programming- based approach that is computationally more efficient than its alternatives. The authorsdefinethereturnstoscaleofaninefficientDMUatitsprojectionpointthat isproducedbyall—butnotsome—oftheunitsinitsGRS. Chapter13,byLim,Jahromi,Anderson,andTudori,evaluatesandcomparesthe technological advancement observed in different hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) market segments over the past 15 years. The results indicate that the introduction ofawiderangeofmidsizeHEVsisposingathreattothetwo-seatersandcompact Preface vii HEV segments, while an SUV segment shows a fast adoption with a significant performanceimprovement. Chapter14,byDing,Feng,andWu,providesradialmeasurementsofefficiency fortheproductionprocesspossessingmulticomponentsunderdifferentproduction technologies. Their approach is based on the construction of various empirical productionpossibilitysets.Thentheauthorsproposeaprocedurethatisunaffected bymultipleoptimaforestimatingreturnstoscale. Chapter15,byHarrisonandRouse,considersissuesaroundtheuseofaccount- inginformationinDEAwithsuggestionsonhowaccountingdatacanbeusedinthe modeling process and how DEA can be combined with other accounting approachestoimproveperformanceevaluation. Chapter16,bySueyoshi,explainshowtouseDEAenvironmentalassessmentto establishcorporatesustainabilityanddiscussesthatenvironmentalassessmentand protectionareimportantconcernsinmodernbusiness. Chapter17,bySueyoshiandYuan,summarizespreviousworksontheresearch efforts,includingconceptsandmethodologies,onDEAenvironmentalassessment appliedtoenergyinthepastthreedecades. Chapter18,bySarkis,providesanoverviewofDEAandhowitcanbeutilized aloneandwithothertechniquestoinvestigatecorporateenvironmentalsustainabil- ity questions. Some future DEA directions that could be used for research and applicationincorporateenvironmentalsustainabilityarealsodefined. Wehopethatthishandbook,alongwithotheraforementionedDEAhandbooks, canserveasareferenceforresearchersandpractitionersusingDEAandasaguide for further development of DEA. We thank reviewers who provided valuable suggestions and comments to the chapters. We are also grateful to the authors whomakeimportantcontributionstowardadvancingtheDEAresearchfrontier. References Cook, W. D., & Zhu, J. (2014). Data envelopment analysis: A handbook of modeling internal structuresandnetworks.Springer. Cooper,W.W.,Seiford,L.M.,&Zhu,J.(2011).Handbookondataenvelopmentanalysis(2nd ed.).Springer. Zhu,J.(2015).Dataenvelopmentanalysis:Ahandbookofmodelsandmethods.Springer. Zhu, J. (2016). Data envelopment analysis: A handbook of empirical studies and applications. Springer. Taipei,Taiwan Shiuh-NanHwang Keelung,Taiwan Hsuan-ShihLee Worcester,MA,USA JoeZhu Contents 1 RankingDecisionMakingUnits:TheCross-Efficiency Evaluation................................................... 1 Jose´ L.RuizandInmaculadaSirvent 2 DataEnvelopmentAnalysisforMeasuring EnvironmentalPerformance.................................. 31 PengZhou,KimLengPoh,andBengWahAng 3 InputandOutputSearchinDEA:TheCaseofFinancial Institutions................................................... 51 C.SerranoCinca,C.MarMolinero,andY.FuertesCalle´n 4 Multi-periodEfficiencyMeasurementwithFuzzyData andWeightRestrictions...................................... 89 Shiang-TaiLiu 5 PitchingDEAAgainstSFAintheContextofChinese DomesticVersusForeignBanks............................... 113 NecmiKemalAvkiranandYushu(Elizabeth)Zhu 6 AssessingOrganizations’EfficiencyAdoptingComplementary Perspectives:AnEmpiricalAnalysisThroughData EnvelopmentAnalysisandMultidimensional Scaling,withanApplicationtoHigherEducation.............. 145 EvaM.delaTorre,MartiSagarra,andTommasoAgasisti 7 CapitalStockandPerformanceofR&DOrganizations: ADynamicDEA-ANPHybridApproach...................... 167 Yueh-ChengWu,QianLongKweh,Wen-MinLu, Shiu-WanHung,andChia-FaChang ix
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