Handbook of Motivational Counseling Handbook of Motivational Counseling: Goal-Based Approaches to Assessment and Intervention with Addiction and Other Problems, Second Edition. Edited by W. Miles Cox and Eric Klinger. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-470-74926-5 Handbook of Motivational Counseling Goal-Based Approaches to Assessment and Intervention with Addiction and Other Problems Edited by W. Miles Cox Bangor University and Eric Klinger University of Minnesota, Morris Thiseditionfirstpublished2011 (cid:1)2011JohnWiley&SonsLtd. Editionhistory:JohnWiley&SonsLtd.(1e,2004) Wiley-BlackwellisanimprintofJohnWiley&Sons,formedbythemergerofWiley’sglobalScientific, Technical,andMedicalbusinesswithBlackwellPublishing. RegisteredOffice JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK EditorialOffices TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK 9600GarsingtonRoad,Oxford,OX42DQ,UK 350MainStreet,Malden,MA02148-5020,USA Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservices,andforinformationabouthowtoapplyfor permissiontoreusethecopyrightmaterialinthisbookpleaseseeourwebsiteatwww.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. TherightofW.MilesCoxandEricKlingertobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedin accordancewiththeUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted, inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,exceptaspermitted bytheUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmaynot beavailableinelectronicbooks. Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedastrademarks.Allbrand namesandproductnamesusedinthisbookaretradenames,servicemarks,trademarksorregistered trademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.Thepublisherisnotassociatedwithanyproductorvendormentioned inthisbook.Thispublicationisdesignedtoprovideaccurateandauthoritativeinformationinregardtothe subjectmattercovered.Itissoldontheunderstandingthatthepublisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessional services.Ifprofessionaladviceorotherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetentprofessional shouldbesought. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Handbookofmotivationalcounseling:goal-basedapproachestoassessmentandinterventionwithaddiction andotherproblems/editedbyW.MilesCoxandEricKlinger. p.cm. Includesindex. ISBN978-0-470-74926-5(cloth) 1. Motivation(Psychology)2. Motivationalinterviewing.3. Goal(Psychology) 4. Behaviormodification.5. Addicts–Counselingof.I. Cox,W.Miles.II. Klinger,Eric,1933- BF505.G6H362011 158’.3–dc22 2010038003 AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Thisbookispublishedinthefollowingelectronicformats:ePDF9780470979945; WileyOnlineLibrary9780470979952 Setin10/12ptTimesRomanbyThomsonDigital,India 1 2011 Contents About the Editors ix Contributors xi Foreword by Professor Peter E. Nathan xv Preface xix Note on the Second Edition xxiii Part I: Basic Concepts and Theories 1 Motivation and the Goal Theory of Current Concerns 3 Eric Klinger and W. Miles Cox 2 Behavioral Economics: Basic Concepts and Clinical Applications 49 Christopher J. Correia, James G. Murphy, and Leon H. Butler 3 Personal Projects and Motivational Counseling: The Quality of Lives Reconsidered 73 Brian R. Little 4 Goal Conflicts and Goal Integration: Theory, Assessment, and Clinical Implications 89 Johannes Michalak, Thomas Heidenreich, and J€urgen Hoyer 5 Touching a Person’s Essence: Using Implicit Motives as Personal Resources in Counseling 109 Philipp Alsleben and Julius Kuhl 6 A Motivational Model of Alcohol Use: Determinants of Use and Change 131 W. Miles Cox and Eric Klinger Part II: Assessment and Relationships to Behavior 7 Measuring Motivation: The Motivational Structure Questionnaire and Personal Concerns Inventory and their Variants 161 W. Miles Cox and Eric Klinger vi CONTENTS 8 The Motivational Structure Questionnaire, Personal Concerns Inventory, and their Variants: Psychometric Properties 205 Eric Klinger and W. Miles Cox 9 Volitional and Emotional Correlates of the Motivational Structure Questionnaire: Further Evidence for Construct Validity 233 Nicola Baumann 10 Offenders’ Motivation: Measurement, Structure, and Content 253 Mary McMurran, Joselyn Sellen, and Jacqueline Campbell Part III: Systematic Motivational Counseling and its Applications 11 Systematic Motivational Counseling: From Motivational Assessment to Motivational Change 275 W. Miles Cox and Eric Klinger 12 Systematic Motivational Counseling in Groups: Promoting Therapeutic Change through Client Interaction 303 Arno Fuhrmann, Bernhard M. Schroer, and Renate de Jong-Meyer 13 Motivational Interventions for Substance Abusers with Psychiatric Illness 329 Suzette Glasner-Edwards 14 Systematic Motivational Analysis as Part of a Self-Help Technique Aimed at Personal Goal Attainment 349 Renate de Jong-Meyer 15 Systematic Motivational Counseling at Work: Improving Employee Performance, Satisfaction, and Socialization 373 Loriann Roberson and David M. Sluss 16 Cognitive and Motivational Retraining: Reciprocal Effects 395 Javad Salehi Fadardi, Zohreh Sepehri Shamloo, and W. Miles Cox Part IV: Other Motivational Approaches to Changing Behavior 17 Motivation in Sport: Theory and Application 415 Kevin A. Stefanek and Heather J. Peters 18 The Elaboration of Positive Goal Perspectives (EPOS): An Intervention Module to Enhance Motivation 437 Ulrike Willutzki and Christoph Koban CONTENTS vii 19 Meaning-Centered Counseling and Therapy: An Integrative and Comprehensive Approach to Motivational Counseling and Addiction Treatment 461 Paul T. P. Wong 20 Changing Alcohol Expectancies and Self-Efficacy Expectations 489 Barry T. Jones and Ross McD. Young 21 The Drinker’s Check-Up: A Brief Motivational Intervention for Early-Stage Problem Drinkers 505 Maria J. Emmen, Gerard M. Schippers, Gijs Bleijenberg, and Hub Wollersheim 22 Motivational Enhancement as a Brief Intervention for College Student Drinkers 531 Arthur W. Blume and G. Alan Marlatt 23 Community Reinforcement Approach and Contingency Management Interventions for Substance Abuse 549 Maxine L. Stitzer, Hendree E. Jones, Michelle Tuten, and Conrad Wong 24 Goal Setting as a Motivational Technique for Neurorehabilitation 571 Siegfried Gauggel 25 Motivational Interviewing in Health Promotion and Behavioral Medicine 591 Ken Resnicow and Stephen Rollnick Part V: Conclusions 26 Taking Stock and Looking Ahead: AToolkit for Motivational Counselors 609 W. Miles Cox and Eric Klinger Index 625 About the Editors W.MilesCoxisProfessorofPsychologyofAddictiveBehaviours,SchoolofPsychology, BangorUniversity.HeisFoundingEditorofPsychologyofAddictiveBehaviors(APA)and PastPresidentoftheAPADivisiononAddictions.Hiscognitive-motivationalresearchin addictivebehaviorsfocusesontheinterplaybetweendrinkers’incentivesinotherlifeareas andtheirmotivationtodrinkalcohol.AFellowintheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation and a Charter Fellow in the Association for Psychological Science, Cox has published widely. His prior books include: Cox,W.M.(Ed.).(1983).Identifyingandmeasuringalcoholicpersonalitycharacteristics. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Cox, W. M. (1986). The addictive personality. New York: Chelsea House. Cox, W. M. (Ed.). (1987). Treatment and prevention of alcohol problems: A resource manual. Orlando, Florida: Academic Press. Cox, W. M. (Ed.). (1990). Why people drink: Parameters of alcohol as a reinforcer. New York: Amereon Press. Eric Klinger is Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of Minnesota, Morrisand(adjunct)Minneapolis.Hisresearchactivitiesfocusonmotivationalprocesses, especiallyastheseandemotionalprocessesinfluenceattention,recall,andthoughtcontent. He has contributed to basic theory of motivation and its extension to substance use, treatment of alcoholism, and depression. A Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and of the American Psychological Association, and a Charter Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science, Klinger has published widely. His prior books include: Klinger, E. (1971). Structure and functions of fantasy. New York: Wiley. Klinger,E.(1977).Meaningandvoid:Innerexperienceandtheincentivesinpeople’slives. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Klinger,E.(Ed.).(1981).Imagery:Concepts,results,andapplications.NewYork:Plenum. Klinger, E. (1990). Daydreaming. Los Angeles: Tarcher (Putnam). Contributors Philipp Alsleben Consultant, Kolmarer Str. 1a, 76829 Landau, Germany; email: [email protected] Nicola Baumann University of Trier, Dept. I – Psychology, 54286 Trier, Germany; email: [email protected] Gijs Bleijenberg NKCV, Postbox 9101, University Medical Center St. Radboud, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; email: [email protected] ArthurW.Blume Professor,DepartmentofPsychologyVCLS208L,WashingtonState University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Avenue, Vancouver, WA 98686; email: art.blume @vancouver.wsu.edu LeonH.Butler DepartmentofPsychology,206ThachHall,AuburnUniversity,Auburn, AL 36849, USA; email: [email protected] Jacqueline Campbell Shelter Cymru, PO Box 5002, Cardiff, CF5 3YY, UK; email: [email protected] ChristopherJ.Correia DepartmentofPsychology,226ThachHall,AuburnUniversity, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; email: [email protected] W.MilesCox SchoolofPsychology,BangorUniversity,BangorLL572AS,UK;email: [email protected] Renate de Jong-Meyer Westf€alische Wilhelms–Universit€at M€unster, Psychologisches InstitutI,Fliednerstr.21,48149M€unster,Germany;email:[email protected] Maria J. Emmen Strijpsestraat 113, Keizersgracht 818, 5616 GM Eindhoven, the Netherlands; email: [email protected] JavadSalehiFadardi DepartmentofPsychology,FacultyofEducationandPsychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Postal Code 9177948991, Iran; email: j.s. [email protected] Arno Fuhrmann Alexianer – Krankenhaus GmbH, Alexianerweg 9, 8163 M€unster, Germany; email: [email protected], [email protected] Siegfried Gauggel Universit€atsklinikum der RWTH Aachen, Institut f€ur Medizinische PsychologieundMedizinischeSoziologie,Pauwelsstrasse30,D-52074Aachen,Germany; email: [email protected] Suzette Glasner-Edwards UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, 1640 S. Sepulveda Blvd., Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA; email: [email protected] ThomasHeidenreich UniversityofAppliedScience,Esslingen,Fakult€atSozialeArbeit, GesundheitundPflege,HochschuleEsslingen,Flandernstrasse101,73732Esslingenam Neckar, Germany; email: [email protected] Ju€rgen Hoyer TU Dresden, Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, D-01062 Dresden, Germany; email: [email protected] xii CONTRIBUTORS Barry T. Jones Psychology Department, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; email: [email protected] Hendree E. Jones Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 4940 Eastern Ave, D-4-East, Baltimore MD 21224, USA; email: [email protected] Eric Klinger Division of Social Sciences, University of Minnesota, Morris, 600 East Fourth Street, Morris, MN 56267, USA; email: [email protected] Christoph Koban Faculty of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; email: koban@kli. psy.ruhr-uni-bochum.de JuliusKuhl Universit€atOsnabr€uck,FBHumanwissenschaften,LehreinheitPsychologie Postfach, 49069 Osnabr€uck, Germany; email: [email protected] BrianR.Little FitzwilliamCollege,CambridgeUniversity,CambridgeCB30DG,UK; email: [email protected], [email protected] G. Alan Marlatt Addictive Behaviors Research Center, University of Washington, Department of Psychology, Box 351525, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA; email: mar- [email protected] MaryMcMurran SchoolofPsychology,UniversityofWales,Cardiff,CF103YG,UK; email: [email protected] Johannes Michalak AE Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Ruhr-Universit€at Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany; email: [email protected] JamesG.Murphy DepartmentofPsychology,202PsychologyBuilding,Universityof Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; email: [email protected] HeatherJ.Peters DivisionofSocialSciences,UniversityofMinnesota,Morris,600East Fourth Street, Morris, MN 56267, USA; email: [email protected] Kenneth Resnicow University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, 109 Observatory Street, Room 3867 SPH I, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA; email: [email protected] LoriannRoberson DepartmentofOrganizationandLeadership,TeachersCollege,223 Zankel, Box 6, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA; email: [email protected] Stephen Rollnick Department of Primary Care & Public Health, School of Medicine, 3rdFloorNeuaddMerionedd,HeathPark,CardiffCF144XW,UK;email:rollnick@me. com GerardM.Schippers AmsterdamInstituteforAddictionResearch,Keizersgracht818, 1017 EE Amsterdam, the Netherlands; email: [email protected] Bernhard M. Schroer Psychotherapeutische Praxis, Ludgeristr.23, 48143 M€unster, Germany; email: [email protected] Joselyn L. Sellen Department of Psychology, Cardiff School of Health Sciences, University of Wales Institute Cardiff (UWIC), Western Avenue, Cardiff, CF5 2YB, UK; email: [email protected] ZohrehS.Shamloo Department ofPsychology,FacultyofEducation andPsychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Postal Code 9177948991, Iran; email: [email protected] David M. Sluss Assistant Professor of Organizational Behavior, College of Manage- ment,GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology,Atlanta,GA,USA;email:[email protected] .edu CONTRIBUTORS xiii KevinStefanek DivisionofSocialSciences,UniversityofMinnesota,Morris,600East Fourth Street, Morris, MN 56267, USA; email: [email protected] Maxine L. Stitzer Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; email: [email protected] Michelle Tuten Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 4940 Eastern Ave, D-4-East, Baltimore MD 21224, USA: email: [email protected] Ulrike Willutzki Faculty of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psy- chotherapy, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; email: [email protected]. ruhr-uni-bochum.de H. Wollersheim Q Healthcare, Geert Grooteplein 21, University Medical Center St. Radboud, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; email: [email protected] Conrad J. Wong Coventry Lane, Greenwood IN, 46143, USA; email: cwongindy@ gmail.com PaulT.P.Wong Vice-PresidentAcademic&CoreFaculty,AdlerGraduateProfessional School, 890 Yonge Street, 9th Floor, Toronto, ON M4W 3P4, Canada; email: dr.paul. [email protected] Ross McD. Young Executive Director Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane Qld 4001, Australia; email: [email protected]
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