Handbook of Loss Prevention Engineering, Volume 1&2

1112 Pages·2011·8.88 MB·English

EditedbyJoelM.Haight
HandbookofLossPreventionEngineering
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Edited by Joel M. Haight
Handbook of Loss Prevention Engineering
Volume 1
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V
ContentstoVolume 1
Preface XVII
ListofContributors XIX
PartI EngineeringManagementforLossPreventionEngineering 1
1 ManagementSystems – LossPreventionEngineeringProgramsand
Policy 3
ShakirudeenShakioye
1.1 Introduction – UnderstandingtheNeedforManagement
Systems 3
1.2 ManagementSystems – Definitions 6
1.3 LossPreventionEngineering – Considerations 7
1.4 ManagementSystems – LossPreventionEngineering 9
1.4.1 LeadershipCommitment 10
1.4.2 VisionandObjectives 10
1.4.3 Resources/Policy/Processes/Procedure/Regulations 11
1.4.3.1 Resources 12
1.4.3.2 Policy 14
1.4.3.3 RegulatoryConsideration 14
1.4.3.4 Processes 15
1.4.3.5 HESProcessesApproachandStructure 15
1.4.4 BusinessPlanning(HES) 18
1.4.5 Implementation 20
1.4.6 EvaluationofManagementSystemforImprovement 21
1.4.7 PeriodicCorporationAudit 21
1.4.8 EnterpriseAuditPlan 21
1.4.9 AuditsLevelsandContinuousImprovement 22
Appendix1.A:BCN – NSHESampleDrugandAlcohol
Policy 24
Appendix1.B:Behavior-BasedSafetySupportingTool 26
Appendix1.C:SampleInternalSimpleInspectionChecklist 27
References 28
VI Contents
2 ResourceAllocationandEffectivenessMeasuresforLossPrevention 31
SamuelA.Oyewole
2.1 Introduction 31
2.2 WhatIsLossPrevention/SafetyandHealthIntervention? 32
2.3 HistoricalPerspectiveofResourceAllocationforLoss
Prevention 33
2.4 LossPrevention/SafetyandHealthInterventionEffectiveness
Evaluation 36
2.5 ImportanceofMultipleFactorsinLossPrevention 37
2.6 ResearchMethodologyinResourceAllocationforLoss
Prevention 38
2.7 ExperimentalMethod 39
2.8 AnalysisandResults 39
2.9 Conclusion 48
References 50
3 EngineeringSystemsandEngineeringEconomicsofLossPrevention 53
JoelM.Haight
3.1 Introduction 53
3.2 CostofInjuries 55
3.3 ReturnonInvestmentVersusCostSavingsVersusProductivity
Savings 56
3.4 EngineeringEconomics 57
3.5 EngineeringEconomicDecision-Making 59
3.6 NetPresentValueComparison(EquipmentReplacement) 59
3.6.1 FinalResultandDecision 64
3.6.2 AcceptorRejectDecisionforaSimpleInvestmentBasedonRateof
Return 64
3.7 PaybackPeriodComparison 65
3.8 FinancialConsiderationsofaLossPreventionEngineering
Project 66
3.8.1 ProjectBudget 66
3.9 Conclusion 69
References 69
4 SafetyManagementandCulture 71
BrianW.TinkandBrianA.Tink
4.1 WhatIsOrganizationalCulture? 71
4.2 HowDoesCultureForm? 74
4.3 WhyIsItGoodBusinesstoImproveYourCompany’s
Culture? 77
4.4 MeasuringCulture 79
4.5 HowtoBringAboutChangesinCulture 82
References 86
Contents VII
5 LeadershipandLossPreventionEngineering:CreatingConditionstoGet
BeyondCompliancetoHighPerformance 89
MicheleLindsay
5.1 Introduction 89
5.2 ManagementTheories 92
5.2.1 ScientificManagementTheory 92
5.2.2 TheLinkBetweenMotivationinIndividualsandManagement
Theories 93
5.2.3 MotivationTheoriesIntegratedintoManagementTheories 94
5.2.3.1 AutonomyfortheIndividual 96
5.2.3.2 CompetencefortheIndividual 97
5.2.3.3 RelatednessforIndividual 98
5.3 MovingBeyondMechanisticManagement 99
5.4 HumanisticOrganizations 99
5.4.1 AutonomyinOrganizations 101
5.4.2 CompetenceinOrganizations 102
5.4.3 RelatednessinOrganizations 105
5.5 CaseStudiesofHumanisticManagement 107
References 110
PartII DesignandAnalysisofProtectiveSystems – GeneralLoss
PreventionEngineering 113
6 GeneralLossPreventionEngineeringPrograms – IncludingFireLoss
Control 115
JefferyRobinson
6.1 Background 115
6.2 Introduction 116
6.3 ElementsofaFireLossControlProgram 116
6.3.1 PolicyStatement 116
6.3.2 RolesandResponsibilities 116
6.4 FirePreventionControls 118
6.4.1 DesignConsiderations – SelectionofMaterialsfor
Construction 118
6.4.2 FirePreventionControls 121
6.4.3 PreventingLosses – SafeHotWorkPractices 122
6.4.4 IdentifyingElectricalHazards 126
6.4.5 ControllingLosses 127
6.4.6 FireImpairmentManagement 128
6.4.6.1 PlannedImpairments 129
6.4.6.2 UnplannedImpairments 131
6.4.6.3 RestorationofImpairedSystems 131
6.4.7 PlantEmergencyOrganization(PEO) 131
6.4.7.1 FirefightingTeamSelection 132
6.4.7.2 SalvageandRestoration 133
VIII Contents
6.4.7.3 Training 133
6.4.7.4 WrittenPEOPlan 134
AppendixA.LossPreventionSurvey 135
References 140
7 Permit-to-WorkSystems 141
JohnW.Mroszczyk
7.1 Introduction 141
7.2 ThePermit-to-WorkProcess 141
7.3 RegulationsandStandards 145
7.4 HotWork 145
7.5 ConfinedSpace 149
7.6 LiveLineElectricalWork 151
References 156
RecommendedReading 156
8 ExcavationandTrenching 159
MichaelW.Hayslip
8.1 Introduction 159
8.2 HazardIdentificationandFederalOSHARegulation 162
8.3 SoilTypes 166
8.3.1 Loess 168
8.3.2 ExpansiveSoils 169
8.3.3 OrganicSoilsandPeat 170
8.3.4 ColluviumandTalus 170
8.3.5 ShalesandDegradableMaterials 171
8.3.6 CalicheandCementedSands 171
8.3.7 SensitiveClaysandSands 172
8.4 BasicSoilMechanicsTheory 172
8.5 TestingandSoilClassificationSystems 176
8.5.1 StandardPenetrationTest(SPT) 181
8.5.1.1 ProceduresWhichMayAffecttheMeasuredNValues 182
8.5.2 ConePenetrometer 183
8.5.3 OtherTypesofShearTests(Laboratory) 183
8.6 ProtectiveSystems 185
8.6.1 SlopeConfigurations(OSHA29CFR1926) 186
8.6.1.1 ExcavationsMadeinTypeASoil 186
8.6.1.2 ExcavationsMadeinTypeBSoil(OSHA29CFR1926) 189
8.6.1.3 ExcavationsMadeinTypeCSoil(OSHA29CFR1926) 190
8.6.2 TimberShoring – AppendixCtoOSHA29CFR1926.652 191
8.6.3 AluminumHydraulicShoring – AppendixDtoOSHA29CFR
1926.652 191
8.6.4 AlternativestoTimberShoring – AppendixEofOSHA29CFR
1926.652 192
Contents IX
Glossary(TakeninPartfromStandardHandbookforCivilEngineers
(Ricketts,Loftin,andMerritt,2003)andOSHA29CFR1926(OSHA,
2012b)) 192
References 199
9 MachineSafeguarding 201
JohnW.Mroszczyk
9.1 Introduction 201
9.2 RegulationsandStandards 202
9.3 MachineMotionHazards 203
9.4 HumanFactorAspectsofMachineGuarding 206
9.5 MachineSafeguardingMethodology 207
9.6 BasicMachineGuardingPrinciples 212
9.7 TypesofMachineSafeguarding 213
9.8 MachineControls 220
9.9 ResponsibilitiesoftheMachineBuilder 223
9.10 MechanicalPowerPresses 224
9.11 PowerPressBrakes 224
9.12 Conveyors 225
9.13 Roll-FormingandRoll-BendingMachines 225
9.14 ShearingMachines 225
9.15 LaserMachining 226
9.16 Robots 227
9.17 Conclusion 228
References 228
FurtherReading 229
10 BoilersandPressureVessels:aBriefLookatGeneralSafeguards 231
PatrickFortune
10.1 Water 231
10.2 Safeguards 234
10.3 Codes,Regulations,andTraining 235
10.4 TypesofBoilers 238
10.5 OperatingConsiderations 240
10.6 BoilerFeedWater 244
10.7 ChemicalHandling 247
10.8 Steam 251
10.9 SpecialConsiderationsforPressureVessels 255
10.10 FireDetectionandControl 256
10.11 IncidentInvestigation 257
10.12 ClosingThoughts 258
References 259
X Contents
11 WeldingandCutting 261
JefferyS.Haight
11.1 Introduction 261
11.2 BasicEquipmentforWeldingComfortablyandSafely 264
11.2.1 EyeProtection 264
11.2.2 HandProtection 265
11.2.3 BodyProtection 266
11.2.4 RespiratoryProtection 266
11.3 TheWeldingProcess 267
11.3.1 GasMetalArcWelding(MIG) 268
11.3.2 TungstenInertGasWelding(TIG) 270
11.4 Cutting 272
11.4.1 Safety 273
11.4.2 PlasmaCutting 274
11.5 Conclusion 276
References 276
12 PowerTools 277
WarrenK.Brown
12.1 Introduction 277
12.2 Guards 281
12.3 SafetySwitches 282
12.4 ElectricTools 282
12.5 PoweredAbrasiveWheelTools 283
12.6 LiquidFuelTools 283
12.7 PneumaticTools 284
12.8 HydraulicPowerTools 284
12.8.1 PortableHand-HeldCircularSaw 285
12.8.2 PortableAngleGrinder 287
12.8.3 PortableDrill/Driver 289
12.8.4 PortableSanders 291
12.8.5 ReciprocatingSaws 292
12.8.6 ImpactWrench – AirandElectric 294
12.8.7 Jigsaw/SaberSaw 295
12.8.8 MultifunctionPowerTool 296
12.8.9 HeatGun 297
12.8.10 PortableAirCompressor 298
12.8.11 ShopVacuum 300
12.9 Conclusion 301
References 301
13 PersonalProtectiveEquipment 303
ChristopherM.Stroz
13.1 Introduction 303
13.2 GeneralSelection 304