Handbook of Hydrogen Energy PDF
Preview Handbook of Hydrogen Energy
Handbook of Hydrogen Energy • Analyzes the principles of hydrogen energy production, storage, and utilization • Examines electrolysis, thermolysis, photolysis, thermochemical cycles, and EDITED BY • Covers all modes of hydrogen storage: gaseous, liquid, slush, and metal S.A. Sherif • D. Yogi Goswami Elias K. Stefanakos • Aldo Steinfeld Handbook of Hydrogen Energy MECHANICAL and AEROSPACE ENGINEERING Frank Kreith & Darrell W. Pepper Series Editors RECENTLY PUBLISHED TITLES Air Distribution in Buildings, Essam E. Khalil Alternative Fuels for Transportation, Edited by Arumugam S. Ramadhas Computer Techniques in Vibration, Edited by Clarence W. de Silva Distributed Generation: The Power Paradigm for the New Millennium, Edited by Anne-Marie Borbely and Jan F. Kreider Elastic Waves in Composite Media and Structures: With Applications to Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation, Subhendu K. Datta and Arvind H. Shah Elastoplasticity Theory, Vlado A. 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Stefanakos • Aldo Steinfeld Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20140124 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4200-5450-7 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the valid- ity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or uti- lized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopy- ing, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http:// www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Foreword .........................................................................................................................................xi Editors ...........................................................................................................................................xiii Contributors ...................................................................................................................................xv 1. Hydrogen Economy ................................................................................................................1 S.A. Sherif, Frano Barbir, and T. Nejat Veziroglu Section I Hydrogen Production Overview 2. Overview of Hydrogen Production ..................................................................................19 Aldo Steinfeld Section II Hydrogen Production: Fossil Fuels and Biomass 3. Reformation of Hydrocarbon Fuels ..................................................................................23 Paul A. Erickson, Hong-Yue (Ray) Tang, and David R. Vernon 4. Hydrogen Production Using Solid Fuels .........................................................................61 Nirmal V. Gnanapragasam, Bale V. Reddy, and Marc A. Rosen 5. Hydrogen Production from Biomass and Fossil Fuels ................................................113 Madhukar Mahishi, D. Yogi Goswami, Gamal Ibrahim, and Said S.E.H. Elnashaie 6. Hydrogen Production by Supercritical Water Gasiication .......................................139 Emhemmed A.E.A. Youssef, George Nakhla, and Paul Charpentier Section III Hydrogen Production: Electrolysis 7. Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cells .........................................................................................179 Michael K.H. Leung, Meng Ni, and Dennis Y.C. Leung Section IV Nuclear Hydrogen Production 8. Nuclear Hydrogen Production by Thermochemical Cycles ......................................215 Greg F. Naterer, Kamiel S. Gabriel, M. Lewis, and S. Suppiah vii viii Contents Section V Biological Hydrogen Production 9. Biological Hydrogen Production: Dark Fermentation ................................................249 Kuo-Shing Lee, Liang-Ming Whang, Ganesh D. Saratale, Shing-Der Chen, Jo-Shu Chang, Hisham Hafez, George Nakhla, and Hesham El Naggar 10. Biological Hydrogen Production: Light-Driven Processes ........................................321 Hisham Hafez, George Nakhla, Hesham El Naggar, Gamal Ibrahim, and Said S.E.H. Elnashaie 11. Photobiological Hydrogen Production ...........................................................................369 Laurent Pilon and Halil Berberoğlu Section VI Solar Hydrogen Production 12. Solar Thermochemical Production of Hydrogen .........................................................421 Aldo Steinfeld 13. Solar Photoelectrochemical Production of Hydrogen ................................................445 Janusz Nowotny, Tadeusz Bak, and Wenxian Li 14. Life Cycle Analysis and Economic Assessment of Solar Hydrogen ........................537 Anton Meier Section VII Hydrogen Storage, Transportation, Handling, and Distribution 15. Overview of Hydrogen Storage, Transportation, Handling, and Distribution ....567 Ned T. Stetson, Robert C. Bowman Jr., and Gregory L. Olson 16. Gaseous Hydrogen Storage ..............................................................................................593 S.A. Sherif and Frano Barbir 17. Cryogenic Refrigeration and Liquid Hydrogen Storage ............................................597 Gary G. Ihas 18. Magnetic Liquefaction of Hydrogen ..............................................................................615 Tom Burdyny and Andrew Rowe 19. Compact Hydrogen Storage in Cryogenic Pressure Vessels ......................................651 Salvador M. Aceves, Francisco Espinosa-Loza, Elias Ledesma-Orozco, and Guillaume Petitpas Contents ix 20. Metal Hydrides ...................................................................................................................667 Sesha S. Srinivasan, Prakash C. Sharma, Elias K. Stefanakos, and D. Yogi Goswami 21. Complex Hydrides ..............................................................................................................683 Sesha S. Srinivasan, Prakash C. Sharma, Elias K. Stefanakos, and D. Yogi Goswami 22. Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Storage .............................................................................695 Sesha S. Srinivasan, Prakash C. Sharma, Elias K. Stefanakos, and D. Yogi Goswami 23. Chemical Hydrogen Storage.............................................................................................703 Sesha S. Srinivasan, Prakash C. Sharma, Elias K. Stefanakos, and D. Yogi Goswami 24. Hydrogen Adsorption and Storage on Porous Materials ...........................................707 K. Mark Thomas 25. Hydrogen Storage in Hollow Microspheres..................................................................763 Laurent Pilon 26. Slush Hydrogen Storage ....................................................................................................809 S.A. Sherif, S. Gursu, and T. Nejat Veziroglu Section VIII Hydrogen Conversion and End Use 27. Hydrogen-Fueled Internal Combustion Engines ........................................................821 Sebastian Verhelst, Thomas Wallner, and Roger Sierens 28. Hydrogen Enrichment .......................................................................................................903 David R. Vernon and Paul A. Erickson 29. Distribution Networking ..................................................................................................935 Amgad Elgowainy, Marianne Mintz, and Monterey Gardiner Section IX Cross-Cutting Topics 30. Development of Hydrogen Safety Codes and Standards in the United States .....959 Chad Blake and Carl Rivkin 31. International Codes, Standards, and Regulations for Hydrogen Energy Technologies ........................................................................................................................967 Karen Hall and Geoffrey Bromaghim 32. Sensors for the Hydrogen Economy ...............................................................................983 Gary G. Ihas and Neil S. Sullivan
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