DATA COMMUNI(ATI0N HANDBOOK OF FIBER OPTIC DATA COMMUNICATION HANDBOOK OF FIBER OPTIC DATA COMMUNICATION Second Edition CASIMER DeCUSATIS Editor IBM Corporation Poughkeepsie, New York ACADEMIC PRESS An Elsevier Science Imprint San Diego London Boston New York Sydney Tokyo Toronto This book is prhted on acid-free paper. @ Copyright 0 2002,1998 by Academic Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, hcluding photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to the fol- lowing address: Permissions Department, Harcourt, Inc., 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777. The appearance of the code at the bottom of the first page of a chapter in this book indicates the Publisher’s consent that copies of the chapter may be made for personal or internal use of specific clients. The consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, Massachusetts 01923), for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. Copy fees for pre-2002 chapters are as shown on the title pages. If no fee code appears on the title page, the copy fee is the same as for current chapters. $35.00 Explicit permission from Academic Press is not required to reproduce a maximum of two figures or tables from an Academic Press chapter in another scientifico r research publication provided that the material has not been credited to another source and that full credit to the Academic Press chapter is given. ACADEMIC PRESS An Elsevier Science Imprint 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101-4495,U SA http://academicpress.com ACADEMIC PRESS LIMITED An Elsevier Science Imprint Harcourt Place, 32 Jamestown Road, London NW17BY,U K http://academicpress.com Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2001095438 International Standard Book Number: 0-12-207891-8 Printed in China 02 03 04 05 RDC 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To the people who give meaning to my life and taught me to look for wonder in the world: my wife, Carolyn, my daughters, Anne and Rebecca, my parents, my godmothel; Isabel, and her mother; Mrs. Crease. -C D Contents Contributors xiii Preface to the Second Edition xv Part 1 The Technology Chapter 1 Optical Fiber, Cable, and Connectors 3 Ulf L. Osterberg 1.1. Light Propagation 3 1.2. Optical Fiber Characterization 16 1.3. Cable Designs 26 1.4. Connectors 29 1.5. Optical Fiber Bragg Gratings 32 References 38 Chapter 2 Optical Sources: Light-Emitting Diodes and Laser Technology 41 Wenbin Jiang and Michael S. Lebby 2.1. Introduction 41 2.2. Technology Fundamentals 42 2.3. Device Structure-LED 50 2.4. Device Structure-Lasers 52 References 80 Chapter 3 Detectors for Fiber Optics 89 Carolyn J. Sher DeCusatis and Ching-Long (John) Jiang 3.1. Introduction 89 3.2. Detector Terminology and Characteristics 90 3.3. PN Photodiode 95 3.4. PIN Photodiode 98 3.5. Other Detectors 106 3.6. Noise 119 3.7. Conclusions 124 References 125