Handbook of enhanced spectroscopy

532 Pages·2016·14.266 MB·English

by  Gucciardi, Pietro Giuseppe, Lamy de la Chapelle, Marc, Lidgi-Guigui, Nathalie

Handbo ok of
Enhanced
Spectroscopy

of
ced
roscopy

Pan Stanford Series on Renewable Energy — Volume 2
Handbook of
Enhanced
Spectroscopy
editors
Preben Maegaard
Anna Krenz
Wolfgang Palz edited by
Pietro Giuseppe Gucciardi
Marc Lamy de la Chapelle
The Rise of Modern Wind Energy
Nathalie Lidgi-Guigui
Wind Power
for the World
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed on acid-free paper
Version Date: 20151009
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-981-4613-32-3 (Hardback)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reason-
able efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher
cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The
authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in
this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not
been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so
we may rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced,
transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or
hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information
storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.
copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.
(CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organiza-
tion that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been
granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and
are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
September18,2015 13:24 PSPBook-9inx6in 00-Chapelle-prelims
Contents
Preface xv
1 EnhancedSpectroscopy 1
DominiqueBarchiesi
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Spectroscopy:ElasticandInelasticScattering 2
1.2.1 ElasticScattering 2
1.2.2 ExampleofHydrogen 3
1.3 InelasticScattering 6
1.4 FieldEnhancementbyaMetallicLayer:TheSurface
PlasmonPolariton 7
1.4.1 TheIllumination:AGaussianBeam 8
1.4.2 TheLocalTransmittedandReflectedFields 10
1.4.2.1 GeneralFormulationofthe
TransmissionCoefficientsinCartesian
Coordinates 10
1.4.2.2 ThePlasmonPolaritonResonance 11
1.4.2.3 NumericalApplicationtoaGoldLayer
onGlassat632.8nm 12
1.4.2.4 NumericalApplicationtoaGoldLayer
onGlassforSpectroscopyinthe
VisibleRange 14
1.4.3 TheEnhancementoftheTransmittedElectric
FieldbySurfacePlasmonExcitation 14
1.4.4 ConclusionontheSurfacePlasmonPolariton
onaGoldLayer 21
1.5 FieldEnhancementbyaSphericalParticle 21
1.5.1 TheMieTheory 21
1.5.2 TheResonanceoftheScatteredElectricField 23
1.5.3 ValidityoftheDipolarModel 24
September18,2015 13:24 PSPBook-9inx6in 00-Chapelle-prelims
vi Contents
1.5.4 Conclusion 26
1.5.5 TheFieldEnhancementintheVicinityofa
SmallSphericalGoldParticle 28
1.6 Conclusion 30
2 PlasmonicImagingSystemsandDedicatedFunctionalized
BiochipsforBiosensing 35
JulienMoreau,Jean-PierreCloarec,PaulG.Charette,
Gre´goryBarbillon,andMichaelCanva
2.1 Introduction 36
2.2 SurfacePlasmonResonanceImagingas
MultidimensionalInstrument 37
2.2.1 BasicsofPlasmonicImagingSensing 37
2.2.2 OpticalSetup 39
2.2.3 Performances 41
2.2.4 ImageandDataProcessing 43
2.2.5 TheOtherPossibleParametersR(x,y,t,λ,θ,P) 45
2.2.6 ChoiceofMetals 46
2.2.7 MicrofluidicIssues 47
2.2.7.1 CoupledSPRbiosensingand
SAW-inducedmixing 48
2.2.8 SPRIPartialConclusions 51
2.3 BiochipFunctionalization 51
2.3.1 ChemicalandBiomolecularFunctionalizations
ofGoldSurfaces 53
2.3.1.1 Chemicalfunctionalizationofgold
withalkanethiols 53
2.3.1.2 Biomolecularfunctionalization:
immobilizingbiomolecularprobes
ontoSAM 55
2.3.1.3 Biomolecularfunctionalization:
immobilizingbiomolecularprobes
ontogold 57
2.3.2 ExamplesofBiomolecularInteractionsStudied
withSPR 57
2.3.2.1 AdditionalsurfacetailoringafterSAM
implementation:linkersand3D
polymers 59
September18,2015 13:24 PSPBook-9inx6in 00-Chapelle-prelims
Contents vii
2.3.2.2 Surfacepost-processingafterprobe
chemicalgrafting:cappingand
blockingsteps 61
2.3.2.3 Directimmobilizationofmolecular
probesonafunctionalizedsupport 62
2.3.2.4 Streptavidinandsimilarbinding
proteins 62
2.3.2.5 ZIP-codeODN:applicationstoODN,
proteinandoligosaccharide
immobilization 63
2.3.2.6 SPRandlivingcells 65
2.3.3 BiochipPartialConclusions 66
2.4 RecentAdvancesinMultidimensionalSPRISystems 67
2.4.1 SpectralDimension 67
2.4.1.1 Thedifferentpossiblesetups 67
2.4.1.2 Spectro-imagingandgaininresolution 68
2.4.1.3 Effectofchromophoredispersion 69
2.4.1.4 Characterizingthetargetspectral
signature 69
2.4.1.5 Angulo-spectralsignalanalysis 71
2.4.2 TemporalDimensionandSelf-Calibration 73
2.4.2.1 TEnormalizationandstepindex
calibrationsequence 74
2.4.2.2 Conceptofself-calibration 75
2.5 TowardStructuredSubstrates 76
2.5.1 ConventionalSPRReachingLimits 76
2.5.2 LSPRSensingandImaging 78
2.5.2.1 LSPRsensing 78
2.5.2.2 MultiplexedLSPRimaging 84
2.5.3 NumericalSimulations 85
2.6 Conclusions 86
3 ModelingofEnhancedElectromagneticFieldsinPlasmonic
Nanostructures 101
MariaAntoniaIat`ı,ElefteriosLidorikis,andRosalbaSaija
3.1 Introduction 101
3.2 FieldEnhancementintheQuasi-StaticLimit 105
3.2.1 ParticleShapeandSizeEffects 108
September18,2015 13:24 PSPBook-9inx6in 00-Chapelle-prelims
viii Contents
3.2.2 Particle–ParticleandParticle–Substrate
Interactions 110
3.3 MultipoleFieldExpansionandT-MatrixinPlasmonics 113
3.3.1 TheTransitionMatrixMethod 114
3.3.2 AggregatesofSpheres 116
3.3.3 AnApplicationofT-MatrixtoPlasmonic
Nanoaggregates 119
3.4 ExtensionforNonlocalandQuantumEffects 124
3.5 Conclusions 129
4 DesignandFabricationofNanostructuresfor
Plasmon-EnhancedSpectroscopies 141
RemoProiettiZaccaria,SimonePanaro,AndreaToma,
ManoharChirumamilla,AndreaGiugni,GobindDas,
RomanKrahne,andEnzoDiFabrizio
4.1 Introduction 141
4.2 PlasmonHybridization:MainFeaturesand
ImplicationsinNear-andFar-FieldOpticalResponse 143
4.3 Three-DimensionalStandingNanostarStructures 150
4.4 Gold-CoatedAnodicPorousAluminaSubstrates 154
4.5 PeriodicNanocuboidsasPlasmonicSubstrates 160
4.6 ScanningPhotocurrentMicroscopy 165
4.6.1 SPCMonColloidalSemiconductorNanocrystal
Films 167
4.6.2 SPCMonAu-DecoratedCdSeNanowires 168
4.7 Conclusions 171
5 Surface-EnhancedRamanScattering:Fundamentalsand
BiosensingApplications 177
CosminFarcauandSimionAstilean
5.1 Introduction 177
5.2 FundamentalAspectsofSERS 179
5.2.1 LocalizedSurfacePlasmonsandSERS 181
5.2.2 PropagativeSurfacePlasmons(PSP)andSERS 187
5.2.3 PolarizationEffectsinSERS 188
5.2.4 Single-MoleculeSERS 190
5.2.5 TheSERSBackground 191
5.3 Bio-ApplicationsofSERS 192
5.4 ConclusionsandOutlook 196
September18,2015 13:24 PSPBook-9inx6in 00-Chapelle-prelims
Contents ix
6 PolarizedSurface-EnhancedRamanScattering 203
BarbaraFazio,AntoninoFoti,CristianoD’Andrea,
ElenaMessina,AlessiaIrrera,OnofrioMariaMarago`,
andPietroGiuseppeGucciardi
6.1 Introduction 204
6.2 ClassicalDescriptionoftheRamanEffect 205
6.3 PolarizationoftheRamanField 207
6.3.1 Excitation-DetectionGeometry.TheScattering
Plane 208
6.3.2 IntensityoftheScatteredRadiation 210
6.3.3 ProbingtheRamanPolarizabilityTensor 210
6.3.4 GeneralizationtoRandomlyOriented
Molecules 212
6.3.5 RotationInvariants 214
6.3.6 ProbingtheOrientation-AveragedRaman
PolarizabilityTensorComponents 215
6.3.7 TheRamanDepolarizationRatio 215
6.3.8 PolarizationDependenceoftheRaman
Scattering 217
6.4 PolarizedSurface-EnhancedRamanScattering 217
6.4.1 PolarizedSERSfromNanoantennaDimers 218
6.4.2 TermsBeyondtheE4Model 222
6.4.3 PolarizedSERSfromTrimersand
High-SymmetryNanoantennas 226
6.5 TheSERSDepolarizationRatio 230
6.5.1 NanoantennaDimers 231
6.5.2 TrimersandHigh-SymmetryNanoantennas 234
6.5.3 RandomlyDistributedNanoparticles 235
6.6 Conclusions 236
7 SynthesisofSERS-ActiveSubstratesbyPulsedLaserAblation 243
SebastianoTrusso,EnzaFazio,FortunatoNeri,
andPaoloMariaOssi
7.1 Introduction 243
7.2 PulsedLaserAblation:Techniqueand
Instrumentation 244
7.3 PlasmaExpansion 248
7.4 SERSActivityofPulsedLaserAblatedThinFilms 256
September18,2015 13:24 PSPBook-9inx6in 00-Chapelle-prelims
x Contents
7.5 PulsedLaserAblationinLiquid 259
7.6 GrowthandCharacterizationofGoldandSilver
NanostructuredColloids 267
7.7 SERSActivityofPulsedLaserAblatedNobleMetal
Colloids 271
7.8 Conclusions 277
8 Surface-EnhancedMultipurposeNanosensingwith
Microneedle-ShapedFiberOptics 283
AndreaLucotti,MicheleCasella,andMatteoTommasini
8.1 Introduction 284
8.2 FiberOpticsSERSSensing 285
8.3 ConclusionsandPerspectives 300
9 Isotope-DilutionSurface-EnhancedRamanSpectroscopy:
MetrologicallyTraceableReferenceMeasurementsatthe
HighestPrecisionLevelandTheirApplicationinClinical
Chemistry 307
BerndGu¨ttler,SabineZakel,StefanWundrack,
andRainerStosch
9.1 SI-TraceableMeasurementsinClinicalChemistry 308
9.2 RealizingPrimaryStandardsforClinicalMeasurands 310
9.3 QuantitativeMeasurementsBasedonRamanand
Surface-EnhancedRamanScattering:Potentialand
Limitations 312
9.4 OvercomingtheLimits:CombinedIsotopeDilution
andSurface-EnhancedRamanScattering 317
9.5 ApplicationsinClinicalChemistry 319
9.6 ValidationThroughInternationalComparison
Schemes 322
10 ApplicationofSERStoChemicalsSensing 329
IngaTijunelyte,NathalieLidgi-Guigui,
andEmmanuelRinnert
10.1 Introduction 329
10.2 NanostructuresforSERSDetection 330
10.3 SensingMoleculesUsingSERS-ActiveSubstrates 332
10.4 SurfaceFunctionalizationStrategies 333