Handbook of Engineering Acoustics

706 Pages·2012·0.75 MB·English

by  Gerhard Müller

Gerhard Müller and Michael Möser (eds.), Handbook of Engineering Acoustics, 2013, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-
69460-1, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
Editors
Gerhard Müller and Michael Möser
Handbook of Engineering Acoustics
Editors
Gerhard Müller
Lehrstuhl für Baumechanik, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
Michael Möser
Institut für Technische Akustik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
ISBN 978-3-540-24052-5 e-ISBN 978-3-540-69460-1
Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2012945176
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
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Preface
The editors of the first English edition are firmly committed to the aims and intentions
of their predecessors. They would like to express their gratitude to the authors for their
very thorough editing work and compilation of new entries.
M. Möser
G. Müller
From the Preface to the Second Edition of
the “Taschenbuch der Technischen Akustik”
The Handbook of Technical Acoustics aims to provide a broad audience with a quick
and reliable source of information on engineering questions. It is directed not only
toward specialists and students of Technical Acoustics, but rather toward engineers in
all domains, e.g., mechanical engineering, process engineering, traffic systems or civil
engineering, who deal with the topic of noise reduction.
In light of the increasing significance of environmental protection, a number of
articles cover the generation, transmission, insulation, measurement and assessment of
air, and structure borne noise; at the same time, questions pertaining to electroacoustics,
roomacoustics and audio-physiology are discussed in detail.
Just as in the first edition, in addition to the basics of technical acoustics and
associated domains, great emphasis has been placed on including as much information
as possible on material data, empirical values, important measurement results, tested
approximation formulas, useful reference values, etc. This will help the reader
understand the general context, while at the same time providing data required for the
solution of practical problems – without having to engage in time-consuming studies of
the literature. The editors extend their sincere thanks, especially to all of the authors
who, alongside their professional work, have committed themselves to the tedious task
of presenting their respective fields of specialization in a comprehensive, yet compact
format.
The editors hope this Handbook of Technical Acoustics will prove to be a useful aid
to its readers in their daily work.
M. Heckl
H. A. Müller
Contents
1 Fundamentals
M. Möser and G. Müller
2 Acoustic Measurements
M. Vorländer
3 Numerical Acoustics
Björn A. T. Petersson
4 The Effects of Sound on Humans
C. Maschke and U. Widmann
5 Noise Emission Assessment
G. Hübner and E. Schorer
6 Sound Propagation Outdoors
L. Schreiber and T. Beckenbauer
7 Sound Insulation in Buildings
K. Gösele and E. Schröder
8 Sound Absorbers
H. V. Fuchs and M. Möser
9 Structure-Borne Sound, Insulation and Damping
G. Muller
10 Room Acoustics
Heinrich Kuttruff and Eckard Mommertz
11 Silencers
U. Kurze and E. Riedel
12 Active Control of Sound and Vibrations
Joachim Scheuren
13 Sound Reinforcement
Harald Frisch
14 Sources of Sound
Ulrich Kurze
15 Road Traffic Noise
Thomas Beckenbauer
16 Noise and Vibration from Railroad Traffic
Rüdiger G. Wettschureck, Günther Hauck, Rolf J. Diehl and Ludger Willenbrink
17 Aircraft Noise
Ulf Michel, Werner Dobrzynski, Wolf Splettstoesser, Jan Delfs, Ullrich Isermann
and Frank Obermeier
18 Construction Noise
Achim Böhm, Olaf-Tobias Strachotta and Volker Irmer
19 Urban Noise Protection
Michael Jäcker-Cüppers
20 Flow Noise
K. R. Fritz, C. -C. Hantschk, S. Heim, H. Nürnberger, E. Schorer, B. Stüber and
D. Vortmeyer
21 Ultrasound
H. Kuttruff
22 Vibrations
Johannes Guggenberger and Gerhard Müller
Index
Gerhard Müller and Michael Möser (eds.), Handbook of Engineering Acoustics, 2013, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-
69460-1_1, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012
1. Fundamentals
M. Möser1 and G. Müller2
(1) Institut für Strömungsmechanik und Technische Akustik, Technische Universität
Berlin, Einsteinufer 25, 10587 Berlin, Germany
(2) Lehrstuhl für Baumechanik, Technische Universität München, Arcisstrasse 21,
80333 München, Germany

M. Möser (Corresponding author)
Email: [email protected]
G. Müller
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Sound consists in mechanical vibrations within the frequency band of human hearing
from approximately 16 Hz–16 kHz. Vibrations in air and in liquids are called airborne
and liquid-borne sound respectively, vibrations in solids are called structure-borne
sound.
1.1 Introduction
Sound consists in mechanical vibrations within the frequency band of human hearing
from approximately 16 Hz–16 kHz. Vibrations in air and in liquids are called airborne
and liquid-borne sound respectively, vibrations in solids are called structure-borne
sound.
For further fundamentals on Technical Acoustics, see, for example, [1–17].
1.2 Level and Measurement Quantities
For airborne sound, the primary quantity is the sound pressure, which is determined
using microphones (Chap. 2). More elaborate techniques (for example, the intensity
measurement, see Chap. 2) are based on several microphones. For structure-borne
sound, the surface displacements ξ, their velocity v = ∂ξ/∂t or their acceleration a = ∂v/∂t
are determined.
In view of Weber’s and Fechner’s law, stating that the human perception is
proportional to the logarithm of the stimulus, the physical quantities are usually