Handbook of Coastal Disaster Mitigation for Engineers and Planners Handbook of Coastal Disaster Mitigation for Engineers and Planners Edited by Miguel Esteban Hiroshi Takagi Tomoya Shibayama AMSTERDAM (cid:129) BOSTON (cid:129) HEIDELBERG (cid:129) LONDON NEW YORK (cid:129) OXFORD (cid:129) PARIS (cid:129) SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO (cid:129) SINGAPORE (cid:129) SYDNEY (cid:129) TOKYO Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier ButterworthHeinemannisanimprintofElsevier 225WymanStreet,Waltham,MA02451,USA TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UK Firstedition2015 Copyright©2015ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. 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ISBN:978-0-12-801060-0 Contributors Yoshi Abe International Research Institute ofDisaster Science, Tohoku University,Sendai, Japan TomohiroAkiyama Graduate School ofFrontier Sciences, TheUniversity ofTokyo,Chiba, Japan Rafael Ara´nguiz Department ofCivilEngineering,Universidad Cato´lica de la Ssma Concepcio´n-Concepcio´n,Chile,TheNational Research Centerfor Integrated Natural Disaster Management (CIGIDEN) CONOCYT/FONDAP/15110017, Macul, Chile Austin Becker Department ofMarine Affairs and Landscape Architecture, College ofthe Environment andLife Sciences, University ofRhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA JeremyD. Bricker International Research Institute ofDisaster Science (IRIDeS),TohokuUniversity, Sendai, Japan Lyle Carden Principal, Martin &Chock, Inc., Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Ingrid Charvet Risk Management Solutions, London, UK, andEarthquake and PeopleInteraction Centre, UniversityCollege London, London, UnitedKingdom Gary Chock StructuralEngineer,HawaiiandCalifornia,ASCEStructuralEngineeringInstitute Fellow, ASCE Fellow,Diplomate -Coastal Engineer ofthe Academy ofCoastal, Ocean,PortandNavigationEngineers; President,Martin&Chock,Inc.Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Mario de Leon Department ofCivilEngineering,De LaSalle University,Manila, Philippines xv xvi Contributors Miguel Esteban GraduateSchoolofFrontierSciences,TheUniversityofTokyo,Chiba,Japan YoFukutani International Research Instituteof Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan MasanoriHamada Department of Civiland Environmental Engineering, WasedaUniversity, Tokyo, Japan MinoruHanzawa Hydraulic Laboratory, Technical ResearchInstitute,FudoTetraCorporation, Ibaraki,Japan SayakaHoshino DepartmentofCivilandEnvironmentalEngineering,WasedaUniversity,Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo,Japan HiroshiHashimoto Central ConsultantINC.,Tokyo, Japan Izumi Ikeda GraduateSchool ofFrontierSciences, The Universityof Tokyo, Chiba, Japan Fumihiko Imamura International Research Instituteof Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan Marı´aJose´ Ruiz-Fuentes International Maritime Dredging Consultants, The Netherlands RavindraJayaratne School of Architecture, Computing& Engineering,University ofEast London, London, UK Amit Jheengut Ministry ofEnvironment and Sustainable Development,Port Louis,Republic of Mauritius MathijsvanLedden Hydraulic Engineering,Delft University ofTechnology,Delft,TheNetherlands, and Royal HaskoningDHV, George Hintzenweg 85, P.O.Box 8520, 3009 AM Rotterdam,The Netherlands Contributors xvii Sebastiaan N. Jonkman Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty ofCivilEngineeringand Geosciences, Delft UniversityofTechnology, Delft, TheNetherlands Matthijs Kok HydraulicEngineering,DelftUniversityofTechnology,Delft,TheNetherlands,and HKV Consultants, Lelystad, The Netherlands Panon Latcharote International Research Institute ofDisaster Science, Tohoku University,Sendai, Japan Natt Leelawat Department ofIndustrial Engineering and Management, GraduateSchool of Decision Science and Technology,Tokyo Institute ofTechnology, Tokyo, Japan Joshua Macabuag Earthquakeand PeopleInteraction Centre, UniversityCollege London, London, United Kingdom Martin Marriott School ofArchitecture,Computing&Engineering, Universityof East London, London, UK Shunya Matsuba Department ofCiviland Environmental Engineering, Waseda University,Tokyo, Japan RyoMatsumaru Faculty of Regional Development Studies,Toyo University,Tokyo, Japan Akira Matsumoto Hydraulic Laboratory, Technical Research Institute, Fudo Tetra Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan TakahitoMikami Department ofCiviland Environmental Engineering, Waseda University,Tokyo, Japan TomohiroMiki Department ofCivilEngineering,Kobe University,Kobe, Japan Todd J.Mitchell FugroPelagos,Inc., Ventura, California, USA xviii Contributors Jun Mitsui Hydraulic Laboratory, Technical ResearchInstitute,FudoTetraCorporation, Ibaraki,Japan Ryota Nakamura Department of Civiland Environmental Engineering, WasedaUniversity, Tokyo, Japan AkihikoNakayama Department of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar,Perak, Malaysia S.R. NashreenBanu Soogun Ministry ofEnvironment and Sustainable Development,Port Louis,Republic of Mauritius Ioan Nistor Department of CivilEngineering, Universityof Ottawa,Ottawa, Canada SusumuOnaka PortandAirportDepartmentinOverseasConsultingAdministration,NipponKoei Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan Motoharu Onuki GraduateSchool ofFrontierSciences, The Universityof Tokyo, Chiba, Japan Dan Palermo York University,Toronto, Canada BuddhikaPremaratne School of Architecture, Computing& Engineering,University ofEast London, London, UK Thamnoon Rasmeemasmuang Department of CivilEngineering, Faculty ofEngineering, Burapha University, Chon Buri, Thailand Ian Robertson Universityof Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu,Hawaii,USA Tiziana Rossetto Earthquake andPeople Interaction Centre,University College London, London, United Kingdom Jun Sasaki Department ofSocio-CulturalEnvironmental Studies, Graduate School ofFrontier Sciences, The UniversityofTokyo,Chiba, Japan Contributors xix TomoyaShibayama Department ofCiviland Environmental Engineering, Waseda University,Tokyo, Japan Mohsen Soltanpour Department ofCivilEngineering,K.N.Toosi UniversityofTechnology, Tehran, Iran AnawatSuppasri International Research Institute ofDisaster Science, Tohoku University,Sendai, Japan Hiroshi Takagi Graduate School ofScience and Engineering, Tokyo Institute ofTechnology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan Masashi Tanaka Hydraulic Laboratory, Technical Research Institute, Fudo Tetra Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan Khandker Masuma Tasnim Department ofCiviland Environmental Engineering, Waseda University,Tokyo, Japan Nguyen DanhThao DepartmentCivilEngineering,HoChiMinhCityUniversityofTechnology,HoChi Minh, Vietnam Jean O.Toilliez COWI North America, Inc., 1300 Clay St.Suite 700 OAKLAND CA 94612 Vu Thanh Ca Vietnam Administration of Seas and Islands (VASI),Hanoi,Vietnam Vana Tsimopoulou Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty ofCivilEngineeringand Geosciences, Delft UniversityofTechnology, Delft, TheNetherlands LeVanCong Vietnam Administration of Seas and Islands (VASI),Hanoi,Vietnam Johannes K. Vrijling Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty ofCivilEngineeringand Geosciences, Delft UniversityofTechnology, Delft, TheNetherlands Lilian Yamamoto UniversityofSao Paolo, Brazil xx Contributors Sho Yamao Department of Civiland Environmental Engineering, WasedaUniversity, Tokyo, Japan Mari Yasuda International Research Instituteof Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan Guangren Yu Martin &Chock, Inc., Honolulu,Hawaii,USA Nam Yi Yun Department of Civiland Environmental Engineering, WasedaUniversity, Tokyo, Japan Acknowledgments Theeditorswouldliketotakethisopportunitytothankanumberofpeoplewhohave been instrumental in the development of this book and our research into coastal disastermanagementingeneral.Firstandforemost,wewouldliketothankourcol- leagues at the WASEDA-YNU Advanced Coastal Environment and Management Group(WAYCEM)fortheircontinuedfriendshipandsupportthroughouttheyears, culminating in many of the chapters produced for the present book. We must also thankmanyauthorsfromvariouscountriesandinstitutesfortheirvaluableresearch, whichgreatlycontributedtothisbookanditswidecoverageofcoastaldisastersand climate change. Then,wewouldalsoliketothankanumberoffundingorganizationswhohave madeourresearchpossiblethroughouttheyears.TheseincludetheMinistryofEdu- cation, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).Withouttheirsupport,thenumerousfieldvisits,labexperiments,computer simulations,andconferencetripsonwhichthisbookisbasedwouldhaveneverbeen possible. It is important also to acknowledge the role that a variety of universities have played in our lives throughout the years. As academics, our ideas and thoughts can only berealized inanenvironment thatallowsthese ideas tocometofruition. Inparticular,fouruniversitieshavebeenkeyinthisprocess,innoparticularorder, YokohamaNationalUniversity,TokyoInstituteofTechnology,WasedaUniversity, andtheUniversityofTokyo.Wethankallourcolleagues,studentsandstaffatthese institutions for their support and numerous discussions, which have helped us to arrive at this pointtoday. Finally, we would like to thank our families for all the support throughout the years. xxi