HANDBOOK OF APPLIED ANALYSIS For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/5613 Advances in Mechanics and Mathematics VOLUME 19 Series Editors David Y. Gao (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) Ray W. Ogden (University of Glasgow) Advisory Board Ivar Ekeland (University of British Columbia, Vancouver) Tim Healey (Cornell University, USA) Kumbakonam Rajagopal (Texas A&M University, USA) Tudor Ratiu (École Polytechnique Fédérale, Lausanne) David J. Steigmann (University of California, Berkeley) Aims and Scope Mechanics and mathematics have been complementary partners since Newton’s time, and the history of science shows much evidence of the beneficial influence of these disciplines on each other. The discipline of mechanics, for this series, includes relevant physical and biological phenomena such as: electromagnetic, thermal, quantum effects, biomechanics, nanomechanics, multiscale modeling, dynamical systems, optimization and control, and computational methods. Driven by increasingly elaborate modern technological applications, the symbiotic relationship between mathematics and mechanics is continually growing. The increasingly large number of specialist journals has generated a complementarity gap between the partners, and this gap continues to widen. Advances in Mechanics and Mathematics is a series dedicated to the publication of the latest developments in the interaction between mechanics and mathematics and intends to bridge the gap by providing interdisciplinary publications in the form of monographs, graduate texts, edited volumes, and a special annual book consisting of invited survey articles. HANDBOOK OF APPLIED ANALYSIS By NIKOLAOS S. PAPAGEORGIOU National Technical University, Athens, Greece SOPHIA TH. KYRITSI-YIALLOUROU Hellenic Naval Academy, Piraeu s ,Greece 123 N.S. Papageorgiou S. Th. Kyritsi-Yiallourou National Technical University Hellenic Naval Academy Department of Mathematics Military Institute of University Education 157 80 Athens Leoforos Chatzikyriakou Zografou Campus 185 39 Piraeus Greece Greece [email protected] sky [email protected] Series Editors: David Y. Gao Ray W. Ogden Department of Mathematics Department of Mathematics Virginia Polytechnic Institute University of Glasgow and State University Glasgow, Scotland, UK Blacksburg, VA 24061 [email protected] [email protected] ISBN 978-0-387-78906-4 e-ISBN 978-0-387-78907-1 DOI 10.1007/b120946 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009927202 Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 34xx, 35xx, 46xx, 47xx, 49xx, 90xx, 91xx © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) To the memory of my father S. Th. K. The mathematical sciences particularly exhibit order, symmetry and limitation; and these are the greatest forms of the beautiful. Aristotle Metaphysica, 3M, 1078b Series Preface As any human activity needs goals, mathematical research needs problems. —David Hilbert Mechanics is the paradise of mathematical sciences. —Leonardo da Vinci Mechanics and mathematics have been complementary partners since New- ton’s time, and the history of science shows much evidence of the beneficial influence of these disciplines on each other. Driven by increasingly elabo- rate modern technological applications, the symbiotic relationship between mathematics and mechanics is continually growing. However, the increas- ingly large number of specialist journals has generated a duality gap between the partners, and this gap is growing wider. Advances in Mechanics and Mathematics (AMMA) is intended to bridge the gap by providing multidisciplinary publications that fall into the two fol- lowing complementary categories: 1. Anannualbookdedicatedtothelatestdevelopmentsinmechanics and mathematics; 2. Monographs,advancedtextbooks,handbooks,editedvolumes,and selected conference proceedings. TheAMMAannualbookpublishesinvitedandcontributedcomprehensive research and survey articles within the broad area of modern mechanics and appliedmathematics. Thedisciplineofmechanics,forthisseries,includesrel- evant physical and biological phenomena such as: electromagnetic, thermal,
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