Handbook of Anatomical Models for Radiation Dosimetry (Series in Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering)

760 Pages·2009·15.97 MB·English

by  Xie George Xu

Handbook of
Anatomical Models for
Radiation Dosimetry
Series in Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering
Series Editors: John G Webster, E Russell Ritenour, Slavik Tabakov,
and Kwan-Hoong Ng
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Series in Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering
Handbook of
Anatomical Models for
Radiation Dosimetry
Edited by
Xie George Xu
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Troy, New York,USA
Keith F. Eckerman
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Tennessee, USA
Boca Raton London New York
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Handbook of anatomical models for radiation dosimetry / editors, Xie George Xu and Keith F.
Eckerman.
p. ; cm. -- (Series in medical physics and biomedical engineering)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4200-5979-3 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Radiation dosimetry--Mathematical models. I. Xu, Xie George. II. Eckerman, K. F. III. Series:
Series in medical physics and biomedical engineering.
[DNLM: 1. Phantoms, Imaging. 2. Computer Simulation. 3. Models, Anatomic. 4. Radiation
Dosage. 5. Radiometry--instrumentation. WN 150 H236 2010]
R905.H36 2010
612’.014480287--dc22 2009012396
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
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Contents
Series Preface ..................................................................................................................................ix
Preface ..............................................................................................................................................xi
Editors .............................................................................................................................................xv
Contributors ................................................................................................................................xvii
Part I Phantoms
1. Computational Phantoms for Radiation Dosimetry:
A 40-Year History of Evolution ............................................................................................3
X. George Xu
2. Stylized Computational Phantoms Developed at ORNL
and Elsewhere .......................................................................................................................43
Keith F. Eckerman, John W. Poston, Sr., Wesley E. Bolch, and X. George Xu
3. The GSF Voxel Computational Phantom Family ...........................................................65
Maria Zankl
4. The ADELAIDE Teenage Female Voxel Computational Phantom ............................87
Martin Caon, Giovanni Bibbo, and John E. Pattison
5. The MCAT, NCAT, XCAT, and MOBY Computational Human
and Mouse Phantoms ........................................................................................................105
W. Paul Segars and Benjamin M.W. Tsui
6. The 3D and 4D VIP-Man Computational Phantoms ..................................................135
X. George Xu, Tsi-Chian Ephraim Chao, Ahmet Bozkurt, Chengyu Shi,
and Juying Zhang
7. The FAX06 and the MAX06 Computational Voxel Phantoms ...................................163
Richard Kramer, Helen Jamil Khoury, José Wilson Vieira, Vanildo Júnior de Melo Lima,
Eduardo César de Miranda Loureiro, Gabriela Hoff, and Iwan Kawrakow
8. The University of Florida Pediatric Phantom Series ..................................................199
Choonsik Lee, Daniel L. Lodwick, Deanna Hasenauer Pafundi, Scott R. Whalen,
Jonathan L. Williams, and Wesley E. Bolch
9. Japanese Computational Phantoms: Otoko, Onago, JM, JM2, JF,
TARO, HANAKO, Pregnant Woman, and Deformable Child ..................................221
Kimiaki Saito, Kaoru Sato, Sakae Kinase, and Tomoaki Nagaoka
v
vi Contents
10. Korean Computational Phantoms: KMIRD, KORMAN,
KORWOMAN, KTMAN-1, KTMAN-2, and HDRK-Man .........................................255
Choonsik Lee and Chan Hyeong Kim
11. Chinese Voxel Computational Phantoms: CNMAN,
VCH, and CVP ....................................................................................................................279
Binquan Zhang, Jizeng Ma, Guozhi Zhang, Qian Liu, Rui Qiu, and Junli Li
12. Pregnant Female/Fetus Computational Phantoms and the Latest RPI-P
Series Representing 3, 6, and 9 Month Gestational Periods ......................................305
X. George Xu, Chengyu Shi, Michael G. Stabin, and Valery Taranenko
13. The Vanderbilt University Reference Adult and Pediatric
Phantom Series ...................................................................................................................337
Michael G. Stabin, Mary Ann Emmons-Keenan, W. Paul Segars, and Michael J. Fernald
14. Mesh-Based and Anatomically Adjustable Adult Phantoms and
a Case Study in Virtual Calibration of a Lung Counter for Female Workers ........347
Yong Hum Na, Juying Zhang, Aiping Ding, and X. George Xu
15. The ICRP Reference Computational Phantoms ...........................................................377
Maria Zankl, Keith F. Eckerman, and Wesley E. Bolch
16. Physical Phantoms for Experimental Radiation Dosimetry .....................................389
David E. Hintenlang, William E. Moloney, and James Winslow
Part II Applications
17. Applications to Environmental Exposures ...................................................................413
Nina Petoussi-Henss and Kimiaki Saito
18. Applications to External Radiation Exposures in Nuclear Power Plants ...............425
Warren Dan Reece, Chan Hyeong Kim, and X. George Xu
19. Applications to Bioassay for Internal Radiation Contamination .............................449
Gary H. Kramer
20. Applications to Nuclear Medicine ..................................................................................471
Michael G. Stabin and Manuel Bardiès
21. Applications to Computed Tomography for Pediatric Patients ................................487
Wesley E. Bolch, Choonsik Lee, Choonik Lee, Jorge Hurtado, and Jonathan L. Williams
22. Applications to Computed Tomography for Adult Patients ......................................511
John J. DeMarco and Michael McNitt-Gray
Contents vii
23. Applications to Optimization of X-Ray Radiographic Imaging ...............................525
Birsen Yazıcı, Il-Young Son, An Jin, and X. George Xu
24. Applications to Nuclear Medicine Imaging and Dosimetry
Involving MCAT, NCAT, and MOBY Phantoms .........................................................549
Benjamin M.W. Tsui and W. Paul Segars
25. Applications to Secondary Radiation Dosimetry in External
Beam Radiation Therapy ..................................................................................................567
Harald Paganetti
26. Applications to Image-Guided Radiation Treatment Planning ...............................591
Chengyu Shi, Martin Fuss, Niko Papanikolaou, and X. George Xu
27. Dose Calculations in Radiation Therapy Based on Patient Models
Using the Geant4 Monte Carlo Code ..............................................................................607
Harald Paganetti
28. Applications to Patient-Specifi c Voxel Computational Phantoms
in EGS Monte Carlo Codes for Radiation Treatment Involving
Photons and Electrons .......................................................................................................633
C.-M. Charlie Ma
29. Applications to Nonionizing Radiation Protection ....................................................655
Ji Chen, Wolfgang Kainz, and Dagang Wu
30. Summary and Future Needs Related to Computational Phantoms .........................679
X. George Xu, Michael G. Stabin, Wesley E. Bolch, and W. Paul Segars
About the Contributors ............................................................................................................685
Index .............................................................................................................................................705

Series Preface
The International Organization for Medical Physics
The International Organization for Medical Physics (IOMP), founded in 1963, is a scien-
tifi c, educational, and professional organization of 76 national adhering organizations,
more than 16,500 individual members, several corporate members, and four international
regional organizations.
The IOMP is administered by a council, which includes delegates from each of the
adhering national organizations. Regular meetings of the council are held electronically
as well as every three years at the World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical
Engineering. The president and other offi cers form the executive committee, and there
are also committees covering the main areas of activity, including education and training;
scientifi c, professional relations; and publications.
The objectives of the IOMP are
• To contribute to the advancement of medical physics in all its aspects
• To organize international cooperation in medical physics, especially in developing
countries
• To encourage and advise on the formation of national organizations of medical
physics in those countries that lack such organizations
Activities
The offi cial journals of the IOMP are Physics in Medicine and Biology, Medical Physics, and
Physiological Measurement. The IOMP publishes a bulletin, Medical Physics World, twice a
year, which is distributed to all members.
A World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering is held every
three years in cooperation with the International Federation for Medical and Biological
Engineering (IFMBE) through the International Union for Physics and Engineering
Sciences in Medicine. A regionally based International Conference on Medical Physics is
held between the World Congresses. The IOMP also sponsors international conferences,
workshops, and courses. IOMP representatives contribute to various international com-
mittees and working groups.
The IOMP has several programs to assist medical physicists in developing countries. The
joint IOMP Library program supports 69 active libraries in 42 developing countries and
the Used Equipment Program coordinates equipment donations. The Travel Assistance
Program provides a limited number of grants to enable physicists to attend the World
Congresses.
The IOMP Web site is being developed to include a scientifi c database of international
standards in medical physics and a virtual education and resource center.
Information on the activities of the IOMP can be found on its Web site at www.iomp.org.
ix