Handbook for Laboratory Safety PDF
Preview Handbook for Laboratory Safety
HANDBOOK FOR LABORATORY SAFETY BENJAMIN R. SVEINBJORNSSON Assistant Professor, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, Iceland SVEINBJORN GIZURARSON Professor,FacultyofPharmaceuticalScience,Universityof Iceland, Iceland Elsevier Radarweg29,POBox211, 1000AEAmsterdam, Netherlands TheBoulevard,Langford Lane,Kidlington,OxfordOX5 1GB,UnitedKingdom 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor, Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates Copyright©2022ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. Nopart ofthispublicationmay bereproduced ortransmittedinanyform orbyany means, electronicormechanical, including photocopying,recording,orany informa- tionstorageandretrieval system, withoutpermissioninwritingfrom thepublisher. Details onhowtoseek permission, furtherinformation aboutthePublisher’spermis- sionspolicies andourarrangements withorganizations suchastheCopyright ClearanceCenterandtheCopyrightLicensingAgency,canbefoundatourwebsite: www.elsevier.com/permissions. Thisbookandtheindividual contributionscontainedinitareprotected under copyrightbythePublisher (otherthanasmaybenotedherein). Notices Knowledgeandbestpracticeinthisfieldareconstantlychanging. Asnew research andexperiencebroadenourunderstanding, changesinresearch methods,professional practices,ormedical treatment maybecomenecessary. Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheir ownexperience andknowledge inevaluating andusingany information,methods,compounds,orexperiments describedherein. Inusingsuchinformation ormethods theyshouldbemindfulof theirown safetyandthesafetyofothers,includingpartiesforwhomthey havea professionalresponsibility. Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neither thePublishernortheauthors,contributors, or editors,assume anyliabilityforanyinjury and/ordamagetopersonsorproperty asa matterofproductsliability,negligence orotherwise,or fromanyuseor operationof anymethods,products, instructions,or ideascontainedinthematerialherein. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-Publication Data Acatalogrecord forthisbookis availablefromtheLibrary ofCongress BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-Publication Data Acataloguerecord forthisbook isavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN:978-0-323-99320-3 Forinformation onallElsevierpublications visitourwebsite at https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher:Candice Janco Acquisitions Editor: AnitaKoch EditorialProjectManager:Bernadine A.Miralles ProductionProjectManager:Paul Prasad Chandramohan CoverDesigner: MilesHitchen TypesetbyTNQTechnologies To Kristín Linda Ragnarsdóttir Davíð Örn Sveinbjörnsson Guðlaug María Sveinbjörnsdóttir for continuously inspiring us, believing in us and reminding us how much we value them. Foreword The most important thing when working in a laboratory is safetydboth our own and our coworkers. Unfortunately, accidents can and do happen, but by practicing awareness of the potential hazards involved in our ex- periments and work environment, we are better able to prevent accidents and respond in such a manner that minimizes any damage of accidents when they do happen. This bookis intended to raise awareness of various safety considerations and provide guidelines for work practices that the authors have found to help enhance the safety in the laboratory. It is impossible to provide guidelinesforeverysituationimaginableor provideguaranteedmethodsto prevent or react to any type of accident, so it is important to be aware of that while reading this book. While this book provides helpful guidelines for various situations, it is ultimately the responsibility of the individual researcher to make the risk assessments needed and take the appropriate precautionary steps to minimize any danger of their experiments. It is likewisetheresponsibilityoftheemployertoprovidepropersafetytraining for their employees. Attheendoftheday,weallwantto gethomesafeandsound, anditis therefore important that we all take the steps that are within our reach to enhance the safety of our work environment and prioritize safety first! March 17th, 2022 Benjamín Ragnar Sveinbjörnsson Sveinbjörn Gizurarson xi Acknowledgments In 2010, Sveinbjörn Gizurarson wrote a handbook for laboratory safety in Icelandic to meet the need for a practical, easy to access text on the subject for both students and employees at the University of Iceland. Since then, there has been a regular request to provide the material in English. Benjamin Ragnar Sveinbjornsson joined in on that work and together we built on the original Icelandic handbook. All chapters have been revised, improved, and expanded since the Icelandic version was made. Addition- ally, we have added real life examples and exercises, where appropriate, to emphasize the importance of the subjects and a new chapter on occupa- tional health, to provide a new handbook that can be used to meet the needs of a wider audience. AlotofthefeedbackSveinbjornhadreceivedontheIcelandichandbook remained useful for the writing of this book; although the feedback is from 2010, we would like to thank the following people for their review and comments on various topics (some have left their positions since then): Sigríður Björnsdóttir (former safety committee employee for the University of Iceland), Sigurður Emil Pálsson (Icelandic Radiation Safety Authority), Kristinn Tómasson, Leifur Gústafsson, and Guðmundur I Kjerúlf (Adminis- trationofOccupationalSafetyandHealthinIceland),ElínSoffíaÓlafsdóttir (Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland), Örvar Aðalsteinsson (The Greater Reykjavik Fire and Rescue Service), Ágúst Svansson(ReykjavikPoliceDepartment),JónBaldursson(formerheadofER at the University Hospital, Iceland), Guðborg Auður Guðjónsdóttir (former chairofUniversityHospitalPoisonCenter,Iceland),HaukurR.Magnússon (The Environment Agency of Iceland), and Eggert Eggertsson (at AGA- ISAGA ehf). Ólafur Ingi Jónsson, who was a good friend who passed away in2018,workedfortheSudurnesFireandRescueServiceandwasthepro- moter in establishing fire extinguishing training at the University of Iceland foroveradecade.Additionally,wewouldliketothankGísliJónsson(Icelandic RadiationSafetyAuthority)foradditionalfeedbackonnewexamples. We would like to thank Elsevier and everyone there who has worked on this book with us, especially Paul Prasad Chandramohan, Bernadine A. Miralles,CzaOsuyos,andAnitaKoch.Thankyouforhelpingusmakethis publication into a reality and for all the work that has gone into making it into the book that it is today. xiii xiv Acknowledgments We also want to thank all those that have assisted us with the figures in this book. We are especially thankful to Birkir Eyþór Ásgeirsson for taking manyofthepicturesusedinthisbook.Wearealsothankfulforallofthose that posed for the pictures. Furthermore, we would like to thank the followingindividualsandorganizationsforallowingustousetheirmaterial in this book: the World Health Organization (WHO), Helga Sigrún Harðardóttir, Managing Director for the Icelandic Standards (International Organization for Standardization (ISO)), United Nations GHS (UN GloballyHarmonizedSystemofClassificationandLabellingofChemicals), Chem-Lab NV in Belgium, Birgir Finnsson (from The Greater Reykjavik Fire And Rescue Service), and Dr. Phatsawee Jansook (Chulalongkorn University, Thailand). Last, but not least, we want to thank our family, for all their support through the writing process: Kristín Linda Ragnarsdóttir; Guðlaug María Sveinbjörnsdóttir and her husband, Birkir Eyþór Ásgeirsson; Davíð Örn Sveinbjörnsson and his wife, Fjóla Dögg Halldórsdóttir, and their children, Salómon Blær, Elísa Björt, Annika Bára, and Mikael Björgvin. Thank you all for all your love and support! We hope this book will promote safe and responsible work, securing that everyone gets back home safely. Reykjavík, March 6th, 2022 Benjamín Ragnar Sveinbjörnsson Sveinbjörn Gizurarson Contents Foreword xi Acknowlegement xiii 1. Introduction to safety 1 Safety mindsetandsafetycultures 1 Befamiliar withthefacilities 1 Never workaloneinthelaboratory 2 Food,beverages, andsmelling inlab 2 Smokingandalcohol 4 Personal stateofmind 4 Theimportanceofproper preparation 4 PACEyourself 5 Keepitcleanandorganized 7 At theendoftheday 7 2. Personal protective equipment 9 Overview ofpersonalprotectiveequipment 9 Eyeprotection 9 Lab coat 11 Shoes andlongpants 15 Gloves 15 Respiratory protectionandmasks 21 Hair 23 Lead apronandshields 24 3. The laboratory 25 Hazards inthelaboratory 25 Safety featuresin lab 26 Primaryworkenvironment 28 Biological storage 29 Chemical storage 30 Gasstorageandgasuseinlab 32 Glassware andgeneralstorage 33 Transportation inorbetweenlaboratories 34 Electrical safety 34 vii viii Contents Afewuseful laboratory instruments 36 Noiseinlaboratories 38 Waves(microwaves,radiowaves, andlight) 39 Properprotocols arethekeytosuccess 40 4. Chemicals 41 Taste,smell, andtexture 41 Importanceofpreparation 42 Safety datasheets 43 Chemicallabels 47 Toxic compounds 50 Toxicityassessment forchemical mixtures 52 Corrosivesdacids andbases 53 Gases 54 Explosives 63 Flammable compoundsandoxidizers 65 Cryogenics andotherextremely coldcompounds 67 Workingwithextremely hazardouschemicals 68 Permanentandtemporarystoragecontainers 69 Storageandlabelingofsynthesizedproducts 69 Hazardandprecautionary statements(H- andP-codes) 76 5. Biohazards 85 Introduction 85 Handwashing 86 Biological safetylaboratory 89 Hazardclasses 90 Biological safetycabinets 97 Vaccinations 98 6. Radioactive materials 101 Introduction 101 Thelaboratory 101 Riskfactorandlaboratory type 105 Bookkeepingandmonitoring 106 Riskofexposure 107 Radioactivecompounds 110 Contents ix 7. Waste management 113 Wastedisposal rulesandregulations 113 Labeling ofhazardouswaste 113 Wastecontainers 113 Sorting ofhazardouschemicals 116 Disposalofbiologicalsamplesandbiohazards 118 Disposalofradioactivematerial 118 Institutional wastedisposal 120 8. Chemical, biological, and radioactive spills 121 Introduction 121 First responsetoachemical spill 123 Laboratory spillkits 123 Responsetochemical spill 124 Radioactivematerial 126 Biological hazards 128 9. Accidents 129 Introduction 129 Theeyes 131 Inhalation 132 Ingestion 134 Skincontact 135 Burns andfrostbites 136 Needlepunctures 136 Emergencyshower 137 First aid 138 10. Fire safety and prevention 139 Introduction 139 Fire 139 Typesof fire 139 Peroxideforming chemicals 141 Compoundsincompatible withwater orair 142 In aneventofafire,dothefollowing 143 Preventative measures 145 Fireextinguishersandfirealarms 145 Evacuation plansandexercises 149 x Contents 11. Pregnancy and lactation 151 Introduction 151 Fetaldevelopmentandexposure 151 Exposuretochemicalsandmicrobes 152 12. Occupational health and response plans 155 Introduction 155 Managementandorganizational structure 155 Reportingaccidents 157 Healthy environment 158 Riskmanagement 159 Emergencyresponseplans 161 Anexplosionor amajorchemical spill 162 Earthquakes 163 Attacks andbreak-ins 165 Otherdangersthatcanarise 166 Index 169
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