Gujarati exercises, or A new mode of learning to read, write, and speak the Gujarati language in six months, on the Ollendorffian system. With appendix ..

1865·35.2 MB·English

by  Young, Robert, 1822-1888

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GUJARATI EXERCISES,
OR A NEW
MODE OF LEARNING TO READ, WRITE, AND SPEAK
THE GUJARATI LANGUAGE IN SIX MONTHS,
ON THE OLLENDORFFIAN SYSTEM.
WITH APPENDIX, CONTAINING
A SYNOPSIS OF THE ACTIVE, IEREGDLAE, PASSIVE, CAUSATIVE, DEPONENT,
AND IDIOMATICVERBS LIST OFADVERBS,PREPOSIT10NS,INTEHJECT10NS,
;
FRACTIONS, CONJUNCTIONS, AND NUMBERS; NAMES OF THE DAYS
AND MONTHS, AND DEGREES OF RELATIONSHIP ROLES FOR
;
GENDER GRAMMATICAL TERMS, PREFIXES, AFFIXES
; ;
MATTHEW V.-VII., WITH INTERLINEAR TRANSCRIPT
AND VERSION, POPULAR PROVERBS, ETC.,
BY ROBERT YOUNG,
F.E.S.L.
M
AUTHOR OF VARIOUS WORKS IN THE SEMITIC AND INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES.
WITH A KEY FOR PRIVATE STUDY.
EDINBURGH:
GEORGE ADAM YOUNG & BIBLE PUBLISHERS.
CO.,
AND SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS.
MD^CCLXV.
Ah
7 i/f Z* to
— —
GUJARATI EXERCISES.
LESSON FIRST.
The Gujarati Alphabet contains sixteen vowels and thirty-
six consonants The characters are an imperfect modifica-
.
tion ofthe Sanscritalphabet, and are read from left to right.
Vowels.
Consonants.
H
& ka **H kha 51 ga gba ijj» nga ^i cha c£ chha
^
^
ja >*t jha nya i *a & *ha £ da & dha
Ql ^ H H
na <t ta 2( tha da dha *i na pa
^
pha **\ ba **tbha >lma 2( ya ra ftt la
5j(
H
r.° 9KJL H shaft sa^ha cd la Sfksha Sgl dnya.
>
Coalescent Vowels.
The diacritic points or coalescent vowels may be joined
to any^of the consonants, and are pronounced after them.
They are then termed Barakhadi, and are as follows :
if
i i
kano, ajju, raddu, ek mathra, bemathra, mathra kano, be mathrakano, anoBTir.
They are joined to the consonants as follows :
C^ i\ \ *** *^* *"*" "^ •
GUJARATI EXERCISES.
LESSON SECOND.
Jodaksher or Compound Letters.
When two or more consonants come together without
a vowel they coalesce and form a compound character. No
definite rules can be given for their formation, except that
the last letter of the group remains entire, and the-rest are
more or less contracted by omitting the perpendicular
stroke, and sometimes by changing their primitive form.
The only specific rule that can be laid down refers
to the letter ^, which is written over the group in the form
of a crescent, thus, ( ) when it is to be sounded first; and
when it follows another letter, it is represented by an
oblique stroke, thus, ~r and occasionally by changing
( )
its primitive form.
The following are a few of the most ordinary compound
letters used in Gurarati.
Double Consonants'
W
H ^
Tt c* f\
*t
tt ttha nn tn mp sn /.- sp
Compounded of nn <\*i *1*t rt*t MM *tM
34 •* ^ M 3 * 3
gr nr tr rp rv rk TT
W
Compounded of H\ i* <tt *M R* *K
«
M ^
<M o-c( \><J u
vy Msth St jv kht ghn khr 1
Compounded of HH *« tfVH Met H<\ *H*
M *4 & ^ K-i •*! <*\
shr wEhv hy hra ml nb wtm
Compounded of *ft £M *?li >T4 n^
—
<Jt"JARATI EXERCISES.
:\
LESSON THIRD.
^ rictly speaking, there is neither a definite nor in-
:
definite article in Gujarati, these "being considered as in-
herent in the Noun itself.
Words ending in "^l or I are mas., in 1 are fern., and
in ' are neuter. All exceptions to this will he marked.
Have you? (used in reference flMl^Q Ml% B> I
to visible objects.) —
Have you? (invisible objects.) rt>t<1 <£. ?
Yes, Sir, I have. g|, £?, tttfl Mitt B>-
Have you a hat (or the hat) ? Qtttfl Mltt~2Rl 5, 1
^.
Yes, Sir, I have the hat. £1, £>, *iftl Mltt"5lMl
The ribbon (or a ribbon), ^i'«
^Ti-
the salt,
^**.
the table,/,
o
the sugar, /. '
the paper, m. JjPl<H'
The possessive pronouns my and YOUR are declined as
follows for gender:
^h? *ift s Hl<t, Hi!- Your, «m\[, cPilO , <tttl|.
Have you my hat? d>lt<l Mttl Hl# "Jtfl S> 1
I have your hat. ^fl Mitt ct>ll#~2lMl Bu
Have you my ribbon ? rt>il^l Mitt ttltf *ul &!
# I have your ribbon. ^l(l Mitt flttltf M# S.
Have you the salt? ct*U$ Mitt Hl| B>?
Yes, Sir, I have the salt. gl, £?, ttl(l Mitt Hl| 3^.
Have you your salt? ^ttl^MlttdttllttU^?
I have my salt. *u(l Mitt ttl| *ll| 5.
—
4 GUJARATI EXERCISES.
S
Have you the table ? <t>il(l Hl^H ^<tf I
Have you my table? n^i(| HRt Ml# ^<^ S
I
I have your table. >ll(l >u*t ctvn(l **\e/ %%.
I have the sugar. *\[?} Ml*l ^mU &•
Have you your sugar? fl*i$ Mttt <THi(l "^tlsS ?
my
I have sugar. >u(l Ml^t Mlft "^iU 5,.
Have you the paper ? <1>U$ Mitt JjPl<H §> 1
LESSON FOURTH.
Which
? 5j*u the interrogative pronoun, is declined as
follows ; and is applied alike to persons and things;
Sing. hHi m. J**//. k*i n. PI. %Ml w. %fef/, %Ml n.
Nouns and Adjectives are of two classes those which
:
have, and those which have not an oblique form. The
;
first class of Nouns includes all substantives (not monosyl-
labic) ending in ^Hl and <ff. The second class includes all
others. The first class of Adjectives includes such words
as terminate in a simple consonant, and are indeclinable.
The second class includes all others, and are declinable
for gender, number, and case, as follows
;
A Masculine Noun and Adjective.
N. K\\\[ H[l[ a good horse. KUM HiM^i good horses.
G. *IR1 HUl^ll of a good h. *IRI HUl^HRl of good h.
D. K\R\ Huft to a good h. K\W $141^1*1 to good h.
Ac. *lt^i igil a good horse. K\i\\ hUi^U good horses.
V. WUlifl^ good horse!
*U*l$141^1 goodhorses
!
A. Km MUI^O from a g. h. ^m{ Sui^M from g. h.
Km
L. HUlMi in a good h. $[MS{[H\ in good h.
I. K^W 5ui*H by a good h. m{ Jfui«{.^ by good h.