Guide to storage tanks & equipment : the practical reference book and guide to storage tanks and ancillary equipment with a comprehensive buyers' guide to worldwide manufacturers and suppliers

592 Pages·2004·5.93 MB·English

by  Bob Long, Bob Garner, Roles & Associates

Committed
to quality
we are the leading IJK based storage tanlc contractori backett by
more than 40 vears ex,errcr(.,
in this fielcl antl su\tported by a skiltert nnrt tletticate(l team ofengineers,
wiih the abititv to
handle the diuerse requirements of the rejining an.(r storage industries.
We pritle ourselues in our approach - we recognise eaclz customer's
needs are different nrtd tt,e
prouicle indiuidually tailored solutions to match and exceetl
those reqttirements.
Leading the way Expertise in
In tecnntcal servtceS technical solutions
As the UK's number one full service supplier of
Feasibility studies fixed and floating roof field-erected srorage
Detail design tanks. McTay has
Fabrication drawings successfully applied
E ngineering specification this knowledge to
a wide range of
O n - s ite i nspecti o n con su I tanc,
prolects and gajned
Complete e ng i neeri ng, procu re me nt a reputation
for
& construction management.
excellence in
Emanating from McTay,s traditional oil engrneering
and (hemi(al storage activities, we have non-standard tanks.
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can be confident ol a fir5t class servi(e,
These specialist professional services are which also gives McTay ready access to the
provided through Mclay's 85 EN 9001 vast resources and mu lti-discipline
accred itation. capabilities available within the group.
McTay - complete engineering solutions.
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Regional ofices: MOWLEM
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The practical reference book and
guide to storage tanks and ancillary
equipment with a comprehensive
buyers' guide to worldwide
manufacturers and suppliers
Bob Long
Bob Garner
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Northgate Avenue, Bury St Edmunds. Suflolk. tp32 6BW, UK.
o Roles and Associates Limited
tsBN 1 86058 431 4
A CIP catalogue forthis book is available from the British Library
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Printed in Great Britain by Antony Rowe, Chippenham, Wiltshire.
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Engineerlng
Publlshlng FT-ilnE(q
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Professional Engineering Publishing
Bury St Edmunds and London UK &t$stirh$
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Maior Contrastor of the Year 2003
Building Conlractor of the Year 2003
Stuart Driver
Chief Civil Engineer
Foreword
Steel storage tanks are an important and costly part of oil refineries, terminals, chemical plants
and power stations.
They should function efficientlyand be trouble-free attheir maximum storage capacity to ensure
that these installations can have their planned maximum production capacity.
A sudden, unexpected loss of storage capacity due to accidents will cause a serious handicap
for the production capacity of these installations and result in serious financial losses. lt is
therefore essential that accidents with storage tanks should be avoided as much as possible.
For this purpose it is not only essentialthat designers have adequate knowledge and experience
of the design regulations and limits of storage tanks but also maintenance engineers and
operation-personnel should be efficiently aware of important and crucial details of the storage
tanks to avoid unexDected oroblems.
Thousands of steel storage tanks are operating at ambient temperature for oll and chemical
products in almost every country in the world. The reported accidents with those tanks are in
most cases caused by human errors or operational mistakes. Investigations demonstrate that
in many cases they could have been avoided through adequate knowledge of the personnel
involved.
Refrigerated steel storage tanks, for liquefied gases, eg. butane, propane and LNG are
operating at storage temperatures of respectively - 6 'C, -45'C and - 165 "C. Theirnumberis
limited. The design and construction of such tanks is complicated and cosfly. Many special
requirements are given, in addition to or deviating from the regulations of tanks operating at
ambient temperatures.
For these tanks it is highly essential that designers, maintenance engineers and
operation-personnel should have adequate and accurate knowledge of all requirements and
crucial details. For such tanks, losses of capacity due to accidents would have very serious
consequences.
This book will be most helpful in supplying the knowledge required and should therefore be
available for designers, maintenance engineers and operation-personnel
The guidance given is essential to ensure a trouble-free operation of the storage tanks. I
therefore sincerely hope that this book will find its way worldwide.
John de Wit
Ex-tank specialist of Shell, The Hague
Previously chairman of the tank committees of:
The British Standards lnstitution, London
The Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Assoc/a'on , (EEMUA), London
The European Committee for Normalisation, Brussels.
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STORAGE TANKS & EOUIPHEI{T
About the authors
Bob Long HND (N/echanical & Production Engineering), CEng, Eur Ing, Fll\,4echE
Bob Long attended Woodbridge Schoolin Woodbridge, Suffolk, before moving tothe Nofth East
to take up a student apprenticeship with Whessoe Heavy Engineering Ltd in 1961. A four-year
sandwich course provided an HND from Darlington Technical College and a sound background
in both the white and blue-collar areas of the companys activities.
At that time Whessoe was a vigorous and broadly based engineering company working for and
with the nuclear, petrochemical, power generation, chemical and sundry other industries, both
at home and abroad. So there was plenty of scope for a young man, and a good place to start
was in the development department. A thoroughly enjoyable five years was spent finding
technical solutions to a variety of problems that emanated from the wide range of company
activities.
A move to the storage tank department brought exposure, at first to tanks for the storage of
ambient temperature products and then to the more exotic tanks for the storage of low
temperature liquids. This was an interesting time jn the evolution of low temperarure ranKs, as
they moved from single containment through to double and finally to full containment systems.
l\y'any new problems had to be faced and overcome, in the design office, the fabrication shops
and on sites in various countries.
The company's range of activities narrowed as time went on, but fortunatelyfor Bob, the storage
of liquid products and in particular of low temperature liquids became the main thrust of the
bustness.
Bob became involved with the writing of British Standards, EEMUA guidelines and eventually
European Standards in the field of liquid containment systems. He rose to become Engineering
l\y'anager and a Technical Director of Whessoe. He now works as a part time consultant for the
same company.
A one-company man, a rare beast indeed these days!
Bob Garner HNC (l\,4echanical Engineering), CEng, N/llNilechE
Privately educated until the age of 15, Bob Garner left school and was taken on as office boy in
an engineering department of Lever Bros. He aitended day release and night school achieving a
Pre National Certificate Diploma.
Bob was then apprenticed as a fitter/turner with C & H Crichton, maintaining the Ellerman City
Line's shipping fleet. During this time he undertook day release gain ing an 0NC in Mechan ical
Engineering and subsequently a HNC. Vocational training covered operatjng lathes, boring
machines and shaping machines, and the final year of the apprentjceship was spent in ihe
drawing office. He was then asked to stay to assist with estimating for work required by local,
land-based companies (as distinct from shipping).
At the age ot 22, Bob was involved in the building of steel lock caissons for the new
Langton/Canada Dock passage from the River Mersey. Spells as a draughtsman with the l\,4obil
Oil Company followed, during which Bob was approached by a newlt-formed storage tank
company,,l\y'cTay Engineering, and asked to prepare tankage calculations and drawings at
home for €1lhr. Being a newly-married man with a mortgage, this was a golden opportunity to
earn extra cash to enhance his life style, and his relationship with McTay flourished.
Alter a couple ofyears however, Bob joined a completely d ifferent engineering organisation that
designed and built stone crushing machinery for the quarrying industry.
He continued with his moonlighting for l\,4cTay until 1969 when he joined the company full tjme,
being involved in designing tanks, draughting, estimating for new work, visiting potentlal clients,
purchasing steel and tank components and assisting with technical backup on overseas visits to
clients
Bob Garner was made Technical Direclor in 1972, responsible for estimating, design & drawing
office and purchasing and inspection. After continuing with further studies, in 1974 Bob becam6
an Associate [,4ember of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. (Associate Members later
became known as Chartered Engineers, which is the recognised tifle today.)
By 1977, expanding business opportunities took Bob to East Africa, The Falklands and America
as wellas much of Europe. His responsibilities during this time were principallyfor the operation
of the estimating and engineering departments. This work continued until 20d0 when. now as a
single man, he took early retirement.
He still works for McTay, on a consultancy basis as long as jt does not interfere too much with
holidays at home and overseas, cruises or qolf!-
STORAGE TANKS & EQUIPMENT \/
Tracte be I
Fr'i, r..ri ns
LNG Exoori Terminal Ha
How to use this book
Storage Tanks & Equipment is a practical reference book written for specifiers, designers,
constructors and users of ambient and lowtemperature storage tanks. lt has been desjgned to
provide practical information about all practical aspects of the design, selection and use of
vertical cylindrical storage tanks. Other tank types are covered but in less detail. Although the
emphasis is on practical information, basic theory is covered.
The book is aimed at everyone who has technical problems as well as those wanting to know
more about allaspects oftank technology and also those who wantto knowwho supplies what,
and from where.
Storage Tanks & Equipment is not intended to be a comprehensive design manual, but
sufficient information is included to enable the readerto understand the design process and to
identify potential problem areas in tank type selection, fabrication and erection. The princioal
Standards are covered and detailed comparisons between the main ones are given. The main
Codes* include: BS 2654, BS 7777, API650, API 620, prEN 14015 and DrEN 14620. Other
Standards include those such as NFPA. DOT, tp, CEtrt, HSE etc.
Storage Tanks & Equipment can be used in a variety of ways depending on the information
required. For specific problems it is probably best used as a reference book. The deiailed
contents section at the front ofthe bookand in particularthe Reference index, Chapter29, atthe
end ofthe book, will simplify finding the appropiate topic. The introductions at the start of each
chapterwillalso provide valuable guidance. Technicaland other references are listed at the end
of most chapters. Consulting these will lead to more references and hopefullv sufficient
information to satisfy those who need to know more on any particular subjeci.
As a practical textbook, though, Sforage Tanks & Equipment may be read from cover to coverto
obtain a comprehensive understanding of the subject. Of course, individual chapters may be
studied separately. Storage Tanks & Equipment follows a logical sequence, starting with a
general history of storage tanks, the design of tanks for the storage of products at ambient
temperatures together with sections covering material selection, fabrication, erection,
foundations, layout, venting, seismic design and operation of these tanks. There than follows a
parallel series of chapters which concern themselves with tanks for the storage of products at
low temperatures.
The various formulae used in Storage Tanks & Equipment have come from a large number of
sources and many of the formulae are well known, as is their use of the variables contained
within them. Rather than use a single system of variables in the book, which could give rise to
confusion, it was decided in all cases to define the variables local to the equations themselves.
Please note also that all pressures referred to throughout Storage lanks & Equipment ae
gauge pressures unless otheMise stated.
The Classification guide in Chapter 2S is an invaluable and important part of Sfo raqe Tanks &
Equipment.lt summarises ambient and low temperature liquid storage tanks, class'ifying them
according to tank type, size or capacily, materials ofconstruction, products stored, mateiials of
conslruction etc. Companies are listed alphabetically here and in the other sections including
ancillary products and services, by their country of origin. The information and data is for
guidance only. lt is strongly recommended that direct contact with all comDanies be made to
ensure their details are clarified wherever necessary.
'Extracts faom Bdlish Standards are Eproduced with lhe permission ofthe British Slandards Institution
under licence number 2003SK075. BSI publications can be obtained from BSI Customer Services. 389
Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL. Unitod Kingdom. Oet + 44 (0)20 8996 9001).
Email:
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