Guatemala MOSCAMED Program : environmental analysis--1991

262 Pages·1991·16.1 MB·English

Historic, Archive Document
Do not assume content reflects current
scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.
=
=
© &
= 4) ® 4°)
bea?
MOSCAMED Program
Environmental Analysis—1 991
Guatemala MOSCAMED Program
Environmental Analysis—1991
May 1991
Agency Contact:
Michael T. Werner, J.D.
Deputy Director, Environmental Documentation
Biotechnology, Biologics, and Environmental Protection
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
6505 Belcrest Road, Room 828
Hyattsville, MD 20782
Trade and company names are used in this publication solely to provide
specific information. Mention of a trade or company name does not
constitute a warranty or an endorsement by the U.S. Department of
Agriculture to the exclusion of other products or organizations not
mentioned
Registrations of pesticides are under constant review by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Only pesticides that bear the
EPA registration number and carry the appropriate directions should be
used,
Table of Contents Received
]
am
ee eetPe y OMDLETINTNALV i tetera #.Z RNTSCELLy eK >sssescecsacdocecencassooceessntversevancoes
Il. Introduction
POTTS EOE HSS H TCHS SSTSHSESESHESSETSSESESESEOTESOTTSESTETEEET EE SEESOSEEEESEEESSEEEESESEEEEES
lll Purpose and Need for Proposed Action .............csssscccssssseccesssneeeeeees
PMSA VEU MENIGLO!Y f ore oe sSnepiesedsfe rest covsvecsvsesrsandcasieesdseyvscsusyeesevesedors
ESE OCIIVENOSLAUOIY TUSLOLYV crrettccastesctctce costecssssevssoseseddessdctosesssesasevess
MMMM VCEAUIALEN UML tant ents sac cso r encg Ha dyn oS eaecceo A oucsdaywrdes ssevecs
SPE OAILOC (ALCS easter Sets ssers fasstescsots tsstekvancetcivanceascensesseeeees
C. Medfly Control in Guatemala—Guatemala MOSCAMED
FICO T LT soncncscons inepan eonec ache boeepoar perS eca en Rene ca or een eee
. Authority for Federal Participation.....................cssssssseesesseeeseeeseees
mO . Legislation Affecting Environmental Analysis ......................eeee00
F. Review of Previous Environmental Analyses...................:ceeeeeeee
1. The 1987 APHIS Guatemala MOSCAMED Draft
ENVHONMMENta l ASSCSSIMENE fevincecaccc-eccccoscsecccsccossccscesssecaccescees 15
2. The 1988 USAID Environmental Impact Analysis.................. 15
IV PEEOC AMIE Le RIMALI©Y S erern tartee ett eertetns cocchols somsacapuesseenccicccccccccauecccuseeeuee 1g
A. Discussion and Analysis of Program Alternatives.................-:0+ 19
em OPAC COM iretee cee sete eee OT Seve eCorsecdecacelostevevssccuaceesennees 19
2. Isthmus of Tehuantepec Stable Barrier Zone ...................:608 21
3. Eradication of Medfly From Guatemala
(Preferred Program Alternative)...............sssscccccccscsssssensessecees 24
B. Program Alternatives Considered and Eliminated..................0. 28
DEC ALLAT OM AIDE VM ICS SUD DTOSSION Gert astcceshrsesevsentatenncossssecssitenassie 28
PAIGUALEMala ofa Nie:D AIMOIZOMCis.citeestssseccecocssssvesdsnsesssoeseqerss 29
3. Nonchemical Pest Management ..............cccccccccscssescrcteeeeeees 30
NW MMICSOIMITOMPAIIGIINALIGVl S oret etre aoc cee etasatcocccckscccncecconaccessccvasscesecareboodescossends 33
A. Discussion and Analysis of Control Alternatives.............. cesses 33
BMI PACHOU em erretertet let tecrtce cess ctnsecoccrreiesssscecccctrassquessassacesessinss 33
MISTC M SECUIOCIIINCUG co titstsersscesssences--seeseconasccechothsessoesresonns 33
MS CIC OINIEO |M aeeE RIM ee stereo, Fells at...oeeskonnasnctaccnnssvossarsencecoes 36
ee POLO me ere et ec ees( ith cocdes ss esesesn-ccrsteaousecstsasascenseess 39
Me UALO NY ONL OM ian ct BOR dec sociat cig: essiecnsasssesaatcecverenesiobaaascos 40
. Integrated Control (Preferred Control Alternative) ................. 42
rWPoP n
Table of Contents
B. Control Alternatives Considered and Eliminated ...................00060 44
Te’ Biological. CONtTO MATE 52. vcvraceccocescceresctdcatsaeoceseucessspaiseeser seeeesr t Ad
2. Other Chemical Controls ii.0 0. c-cdscavesnaaned¥ascepsesooesvecssessepccssetoes 48
3.2 Genetic: Manipulation vc.cctcrsecectecettttreasssess sietss strseetteessececian s 50
4. Host Ellmimatlon ce. c2k v.cvisctecteseeesiretettteccciesccrcsssecscsetsvecssesseteeces 50
C. Medfly Population MOnitoring.................sscccssssssceessssserseessessseeees 51
VI. Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences.................. 53
A? Guatemala Environment cicetcscc succes cece fesecttcgcs cer ccctseseseeecerecesteee 53
1 SHUMANRODUI ATO tert teccccterescrtr cc stattrersectesecuteeccisesescgeessaaetce 53
PIE CT Sela ti a)! tip unie foP REE AE RRS oR Rtas 5 cae eee, PUT EE fy 54
Sic WHGHIG caress yee seca sesscbectdessssetstrPaveestcececees«serusyeerecteactrieaneat 56
ATLA USO riircrrtecse rete gcee etetm oren rceverct sesessetitaecctnstnteee tee 58
O Water RESOUICOS tm eran.tcec sitet facssees aeste coos cesseocsceusccsnseaverdues 58
B. Potential Environmental Consequences ..................ssscccessseeeees 59
TEE NVIFONMONtalLE alo. serves, eisccumetttsceeaatctstsrsccns cocyscsceseteestererts 60
Poulan VGA ccpenes tetas tyke es ceisaptersscesmsetaee esteutserstCsc 64
3. SOCIOECONOMIC CONSEQUENCEG................soscsrcesssssceccesensecseees 70
4. Nontarget CONSCQUENCEG..............ccccsesssssscsecccsceessssccscccceceees 70
5. Water Quality sertca cr teint, etic ratonesbenncrceticcvesteethiec eeteetaeee s 82
6. Al QUalItys cote crrccsbe acy ectserty ta caeee cettete rete cdi nsstderatcs snceceet teneee 83
TANOISG. oR ee ee eee ae 83
8. Potential for Unavoidable Environmental Impact................... 85
9. Potential Cumulative IMpacts.................ccccccccecccssessscsesssessees 85
10. Program Evolution and Reduction of Environmental Risk..... 87
VII. Program Mitigative Procedures .............sccsssssssscecesssecsssseesssscsssesees 93
A. Mitigation BaCckoround eaerene. crccrectertratttessseccsctercctctactaseretieeg 93
B. Mitigative Measures—All Program Procedures .............sss0sse00 94
C2" Chemical Applications csresescectetieetecscassteveteacsseassecrcsssucssseesestes 95
D. “Aerial Applications t:e5.00..te.em1 t.ecct ssvfeceisstaectrtseceoecetneuee ss 95
EA Ground/Appncationstetrtta cee entre cscs, csscnerseficestts e 96
F. Special Measures for Protection of Pollinators................sss0ssss0 96
VIII, Monitoring: icete cucey steric cett. overt iteccotteed, cccvre sere M eet peers 99
IX. Laws Affecting the MOSCAMED Program................ccscsscssssssssesesees 101
A. Guatemalan Caw. in. -ctecsetscat.-c-tssaetce eerremteestse sneens: eeeeneareee s 101
B. United States Cawiet snr ntcc...s.ssteser cseeseseteeenenr osec eeese 102
X.. ‘CONGIUSIONS Aiciiietrcrccescacteenrrctsegemeesas cseerices eesents ereea Peeteis 103
Table of Contents
Tables
Table Iil-1 Plant Hosts of the Medfly in Guatemala and Other
Nearby Countries
Table VI-1 Physical and Chemical Properties of Malathion 61
Table VI-2 Residues of Malathion on Different Plants at Various 62
Times After Application
Table VI-3 Guatemala MOSCAMED Program 67
Toxicity Reference Levels Used in This Analysis
Table VI-4 Guatemala MOSCAMED Program 67
Margins of Safety (MOS) for Malathion
Table VI-5 Field Reentry Intervals for Crops Treated With 69
Malathion
Table VI-6 Established Tolerances for Malathion on Citrus and 69
Other Food Commodities in Different Countries
Table VI-7 Guatemala MOSCAMED Program ue
Acute Risk to Aquatic Species in Ponds Receiving
Drift From Malathion
Table VI-8 Guatemala MOSCAMED Program 72
Acute Risk to Aquatic Species in Ponds That are
Sprayed With Malathion
Table VI-9 Guatemala MOSCAMED Program 73
Risk to Wildlife Species From Malathion
Table VI-10 Guatemalan Endangered and Threatened Species ie
Table VI-11 Guatemala MOSCAMED Program 78
Sensitive Areas Not Treated
Table VI-12 Mortality of Caged Honeybee Apis mellifera by 84
Malathion at Various Distances From Application Site
Table VI-13 Persistence of Malathion in Water Under Laboratory 84
Conditions and in River H2O
Table of Contents iii
Appendixes
1. References
. Glossary
. Preparers
. Consultation and Coordination
. Cooperative Agreement #12-16-86-044
Environmental Monitoring Plan—Guatemala MOSCAMED Program
Guidance to Beekeepers (Translation)
OFWNoOD D OEn dangNered and Threatened Species of Guatemala
Table of Contents
-~
2 Sof yecmi Amat ihe,
&
_* ’ ’
ey ee ie
v <9 a Oped ¥ ah 7
eet te ae }
sunt rt Buns
— 2 . ° " ¢ ‘
1d “> ( ae | fF -
os _ : j ‘i ~ 9 aay’ ‘a . _ "
ap ee 7 ,
- aad > a | ‘ : 4
b = erat ae | aot. ‘ar rt p
y. 4 wr a O33} Ay yi Og }, JS 4 au] an ¥
7 j i wis a '
®
+ BePKib ines ai 5 %
tpi
bark ¢€ ‘
- > chal +
{ i ¢
5 ; ay
yx i ) ‘
‘
i atl
cy ;
p at
a= i? f ‘
nvi
oe 4
6«« =
J i
f j
» '
jae a J
= ‘ ae ’
-
e. ic
" » Saar t ow Fe
> ; ) acy '
4 co | eI S om 7 .
2
a) 24
ei hy ‘= v
msri9s g bay ' .
; ‘Titrias haa) rt oe pea
#i $riva | Sx! 4, LJ wy ’ \-
a
; teb lieizp's cx: dare Gini |
ptr veale eob uh 0% | Pavers ne
<om ing Pa|
Ep Beats eD it Wits wd tett ty
>
‘ : at L t 2?
_ ae. a
7 = *
; s :
¥ < Iss _ as, 2 <P a
Agnendizes- aE
@
+ - ‘
Veen Oca. ee ! ;
Lonwiey . | .
a -)
wie dvi ang GCe aieiaias 7
<
os ie popaa aegis 50 4 . :
Cue Moning Pins (On WET ME Prone a.
Wketncdw e Gawain Thera =
Too wi i Teague? So