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Guatemala MOSCAMED Program : environmental analysis--1991 PDF

262 Pages·1991·16.1 MB·English
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Historic, Archive Document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. = = © & = 4) ® 4°) bea? MOSCAMED Program Environmental Analysis—1 991 Guatemala MOSCAMED Program Environmental Analysis—1991 May 1991 Agency Contact: Michael T. Werner, J.D. Deputy Director, Environmental Documentation Biotechnology, Biologics, and Environmental Protection Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture 6505 Belcrest Road, Room 828 Hyattsville, MD 20782 Trade and company names are used in this publication solely to provide specific information. Mention of a trade or company name does not constitute a warranty or an endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to the exclusion of other products or organizations not mentioned Registrations of pesticides are under constant review by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Only pesticides that bear the EPA registration number and carry the appropriate directions should be used, Table of Contents Received ] am ee eetPe y OMDLETINTNALV i tetera #.Z RNTSCELLy eK >sssescecsacdocecencassooceessntversevancoes Il. Introduction POTTS EOE HSS H TCHS SSTSHSESESHESSETSSESESESEOTESOTTSESTETEEET EE SEESOSEEEESEEESSEEEESESEEEEES lll Purpose and Need for Proposed Action .............csssscccssssseccesssneeeeeees PMSA VEU MENIGLO!Y f ore oe sSnepiesedsfe rest covsvecsvsesrsandcasieesdseyvscsusyeesevesedors ESE OCIIVENOSLAUOIY TUSLOLYV crrettccastesctctce costecssssevssoseseddessdctosesssesasevess MMMM VCEAUIALEN UML tant ents sac cso r encg Ha dyn oS eaecceo A oucsdaywrdes ssevecs SPE OAILOC (ALCS easter Sets ssers fasstescsots tsstekvancetcivanceascensesseeeees C. Medfly Control in Guatemala—Guatemala MOSCAMED FICO T LT soncncscons inepan eonec ache boeepoar perS eca en Rene ca or een eee . Authority for Federal Participation.....................cssssssseesesseeeseeeseees mO . Legislation Affecting Environmental Analysis ......................eeee00 F. Review of Previous Environmental Analyses...................:ceeeeeeee 1. The 1987 APHIS Guatemala MOSCAMED Draft ENVHONMMENta l ASSCSSIMENE fevincecaccc-eccccoscsecccsccossccscesssecaccescees 15 2. The 1988 USAID Environmental Impact Analysis.................. 15 IV PEEOC AMIE Le RIMALI©Y S erern tartee ett eertetns cocchols somsacapuesseenccicccccccccauecccuseeeuee 1g A. Discussion and Analysis of Program Alternatives.................-:0+ 19 em OPAC COM iretee cee sete eee OT Seve eCorsecdecacelostevevssccuaceesennees 19 2. Isthmus of Tehuantepec Stable Barrier Zone ...................:608 21 3. Eradication of Medfly From Guatemala (Preferred Program Alternative)...............sssscccccccscsssssensessecees 24 B. Program Alternatives Considered and Eliminated..................0. 28 DEC ALLAT OM AIDE VM ICS SUD DTOSSION Gert astcceshrsesevsentatenncossssecssitenassie 28 PAIGUALEMala ofa Nie:D AIMOIZOMCis.citeestssseccecocssssvesdsnsesssoeseqerss 29 3. Nonchemical Pest Management ..............cccccccccscssescrcteeeeeees 30 NW MMICSOIMITOMPAIIGIINALIGVl S oret etre aoc cee etasatcocccckscccncecconaccessccvasscesecareboodescossends 33 A. Discussion and Analysis of Control Alternatives.............. cesses 33 BMI PACHOU em erretertet let tecrtce cess ctnsecoccrreiesssscecccctrassquessassacesessinss 33 MISTC M SECUIOCIIINCUG co titstsersscesssences--seeseconasccechothsessoesresonns 33 MS CIC OINIEO |M aeeE RIM ee stereo, Fells at...oeeskonnasnctaccnnssvossarsencecoes 36 ee POLO me ere et ec ees( ith cocdes ss esesesn-ccrsteaousecstsasascenseess 39 Me UALO NY ONL OM ian ct BOR dec sociat cig: essiecnsasssesaatcecverenesiobaaascos 40 . Integrated Control (Preferred Control Alternative) ................. 42 rWPoP n Table of Contents B. Control Alternatives Considered and Eliminated ...................00060 44 Te’ Biological. CONtTO MATE 52. vcvraceccocescceresctdcatsaeoceseucessspaiseeser seeeesr t Ad 2. Other Chemical Controls ii.0 0. c-cdscavesnaaned¥ascepsesooesvecssessepccssetoes 48 3.2 Genetic: Manipulation vc.cctcrsecectecettttreasssess sietss strseetteessececian s 50 4. Host Ellmimatlon ce. c2k v.cvisctecteseeesiretettteccciesccrcsssecscsetsvecssesseteeces 50 C. Medfly Population MOnitoring.................sscccssssssceessssserseessessseeees 51 VI. Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences.................. 53 A? Guatemala Environment cicetcscc succes cece fesecttcgcs cer ccctseseseeecerecesteee 53 1 SHUMANRODUI ATO tert teccccterescrtr cc stattrersectesecuteeccisesescgeessaaetce 53 PIE CT Sela ti a)! tip unie foP REE AE RRS oR Rtas 5 cae eee, PUT EE fy 54 Sic WHGHIG caress yee seca sesscbectdessssetstrPaveestcececees«serusyeerecteactrieaneat 56 ATLA USO riircrrtecse rete gcee etetm oren rceverct sesessetitaecctnstnteee tee 58 O Water RESOUICOS tm eran.tcec sitet facssees aeste coos cesseocsceusccsnseaverdues 58 B. Potential Environmental Consequences ..................ssscccessseeeees 59 TEE NVIFONMONtalLE alo. serves, eisccumetttsceeaatctstsrsccns cocyscsceseteestererts 60 Poulan VGA ccpenes tetas tyke es ceisaptersscesmsetaee esteutserstCsc 64 3. SOCIOECONOMIC CONSEQUENCEG................soscsrcesssssceccesensecseees 70 4. Nontarget CONSCQUENCEG..............ccccsesssssscsecccsceessssccscccceceees 70 5. Water Quality sertca cr teint, etic ratonesbenncrceticcvesteethiec eeteetaeee s 82 6. Al QUalItys cote crrccsbe acy ectserty ta caeee cettete rete cdi nsstderatcs snceceet teneee 83 TANOISG. oR ee ee eee ae 83 8. Potential for Unavoidable Environmental Impact................... 85 9. Potential Cumulative IMpacts.................ccccccccecccssessscsesssessees 85 10. Program Evolution and Reduction of Environmental Risk..... 87 VII. Program Mitigative Procedures .............sccsssssssscecesssecsssseesssscsssesees 93 A. Mitigation BaCckoround eaerene. crccrectertratttessseccsctercctctactaseretieeg 93 B. Mitigative Measures—All Program Procedures .............sss0sse00 94 C2" Chemical Applications csresescectetieetecscassteveteacsseassecrcsssucssseesestes 95 D. “Aerial Applications t:e5.00..te.em1 t.ecct ssvfeceisstaectrtseceoecetneuee ss 95 EA Ground/Appncationstetrtta cee entre cscs, csscnerseficestts e 96 F. Special Measures for Protection of Pollinators................sss0ssss0 96 VIII, Monitoring: icete cucey steric cett. overt iteccotteed, cccvre sere M eet peers 99 IX. Laws Affecting the MOSCAMED Program................ccscsscssssssssesesees 101 A. Guatemalan Caw. in. -ctecsetscat.-c-tssaetce eerremteestse sneens: eeeeneareee s 101 B. United States Cawiet snr ntcc...s.ssteser cseeseseteeenenr osec eeese 102 X.. ‘CONGIUSIONS Aiciiietrcrccescacteenrrctsegemeesas cseerices eesents ereea Peeteis 103 Table of Contents Tables Table Iil-1 Plant Hosts of the Medfly in Guatemala and Other Nearby Countries Table VI-1 Physical and Chemical Properties of Malathion 61 Table VI-2 Residues of Malathion on Different Plants at Various 62 Times After Application Table VI-3 Guatemala MOSCAMED Program 67 Toxicity Reference Levels Used in This Analysis Table VI-4 Guatemala MOSCAMED Program 67 Margins of Safety (MOS) for Malathion Table VI-5 Field Reentry Intervals for Crops Treated With 69 Malathion Table VI-6 Established Tolerances for Malathion on Citrus and 69 Other Food Commodities in Different Countries Table VI-7 Guatemala MOSCAMED Program ue Acute Risk to Aquatic Species in Ponds Receiving Drift From Malathion Table VI-8 Guatemala MOSCAMED Program 72 Acute Risk to Aquatic Species in Ponds That are Sprayed With Malathion Table VI-9 Guatemala MOSCAMED Program 73 Risk to Wildlife Species From Malathion Table VI-10 Guatemalan Endangered and Threatened Species ie Table VI-11 Guatemala MOSCAMED Program 78 Sensitive Areas Not Treated Table VI-12 Mortality of Caged Honeybee Apis mellifera by 84 Malathion at Various Distances From Application Site Table VI-13 Persistence of Malathion in Water Under Laboratory 84 Conditions and in River H2O Table of Contents iii Appendixes 1. References . Glossary . Preparers . Consultation and Coordination . Cooperative Agreement #12-16-86-044 Environmental Monitoring Plan—Guatemala MOSCAMED Program Guidance to Beekeepers (Translation) OFWNoOD D OEn dangNered and Threatened Species of Guatemala Table of Contents -~ 2 Sof yecmi Amat ihe, & _* ’ ’ ey ee ie v <9 a Oped ¥ ah 7 eet te ae } sunt rt Buns — 2 . ° " ¢ ‘ 1d “> ( ae | fF - os _ : j ‘i ~ 9 aay’ ‘a . _ " ap ee 7 , - aad > a | ‘ : 4 b = erat ae | aot. ‘ar rt p y. 4 wr a O33} Ay yi Og }, JS 4 au] an ¥ 7 j i wis a ' ® + BePKib ines ai 5 % tpi bark ¢€ ‘ - > chal + { i ¢ 5 ; ay yx i ) ‘ ‘ i atl cy ; p at a= i? f ‘ nvi oe 4 6«« = J i f j » ' jae a J = ‘ ae ’ - e. ic " » Saar t ow Fe > ; ) acy ' 4 co | eI S om 7 . 2 a) 24 ei hy ‘= v msri9s g bay ' . ; ‘Titrias haa) rt oe pea #i $riva | Sx! 4, LJ wy ’ \- a ; teb lieizp's cx: dare Gini | ptr veale eob uh 0% | Pavers ne <om ing Pa| Ep Beats eD it Wits wd tett ty > ‘ : at L t 2? _ ae. a 7 = * ; s : ¥ < Iss _ as, 2 <P a Agnendizes- aE @ + - ‘ Veen Oca. ee ! ; Lonwiey . | . a -) wie dvi ang GCe aieiaias 7 < os ie popaa aegis 50 4 . : Cue Moning Pins (On WET ME Prone a. Wketncdw e Gawain Thera = Too wi i Teague? So

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