GSM Networks

417 Pages·1998·5.46 MB·English

GSM Networks: Protocols, Terminology,
and Implementation
GSM Networks: Protocols, Terminology,
and Implementation
Gunnar Heine
Artech House
Boston • London
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Heine,Gunnar.
[GSM—Signalisierungverstehenundpraktischanwenden. English]
GSMnetworks:protocols,terminology,andimplementation/GunnarHeine
p. cm.—(ArtechHousemobilecommunicationslibrary)
Translationof:GSM—Signalisierungverstehenundpraktischanwenden.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0-89006-471-7(alk.paper)
1.Globalsystemformobilecommunications. I.Title.
TK5103.483.H4513 1998
621.3845’6—dc21 98-51784
CIP
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
Heine,Gunnar
GSMnetworks:protocols,terminology,andimplementation—
(ArtechHousemobilecommunicationslibrary)
1.Globalsystemformobilecommunications
I.Title
621.3’8456
ISBN0-89006-471-7
CoverdesignbyLyndaFishbourne
©1998Franzis’VerlagGmbH
TranslatedfromGSM-Signalisierungverstehenundpraktischanwenden
(Franzis’Verlag1998)
Englishtranslationversion:
©1999ARTECHHOUSE,INC.
685CantonStreet
Norwood,MA02062
All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book
maybereproducedorutilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,including
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sioninwritingfromthepublisher.
All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have
beenappropriatelycapitalized.ArtechHousecannotattesttotheaccuracyofthisinformation.
Useofaterminthisbookshouldnotberegardedasaffectingthevalidityofanytrademarkor
servicemark.
InternationalStandardBookNumber:0-89006-471-7
LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:98-51784
10987654321
Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 AboutThisBook 1
1.2 GlobalSystemforMobileCommunication(GSM) 2
1.2.1 TheSystemArchitectureofGSM:
ANetworkofCells 3
1.2.2 AnOverviewontheGSMSubsystems 4
1.3 TheFocusofThisBook 7
1.4 Signaling 8
1.4.1 WhatisSignaling? 8
1.4.2 HowisSignalingPerformed? 8
1.4.3 WhatisSignalingUsedFor? 10
1.5 RepresentationofMessages 10
2 TheMobileStationandtheSubscriberIdentity
Module 13
2.1 SubscriberIdentityModule 13
2.1.1 TheSIMasaDatabase 15
2.1.2 AdvantagefortheSubscriber 15
2.2 MobileStation 17
2.2.1 TypesofMobileStations 17
v
vi GSMNetworks:Protocols,Terminology,andImplementation
2.2.2 Functionality 17
2.2.3 MobileStationsasTestEquipment 18
3 TheBaseStationSubsystem 19
3.1 BaseTransceiverStation 19
3.1.1 ArchitectureandFunctionalityofaBaseTransceiver
Station 20
3.1.2 BaseTransceiverStationConfigurations 22
3.2 BaseStationController 25
3.2.1 ArchitectureandTasksoftheBaseStation
Controller 26
3.3 TranscodingRateandAdaptationUnit 28
3.3.1 FunctionoftheTranscodingRateand
AdaptationUnit 28
3.3.2 SiteSelectionforTranscodingRateand
AdaptationUnit 28
3.3.3 RelationshipBetweentheTranscodingRate,
AdaptationUnit,and BaseStationSubsystem 29
4 TheNetworkSwitchingSubsystem 31
4.1 HomeLocationRegisterandAuthentication
Center 32
4.2 VisitorLocationRegister 33
4.3 TheMobile-ServicesSwitchingCenter 34
4.3.1 GatewayMSC 36
4.3.2 TheRelationshipBetweenMSCandVLR 36
4.4 EquipmentIdentityRegister 37
5 TheOSIReferenceModel 39
5.1 ReasonsforStandardization 39
5.2 LayeringintheOSIReferenceModel 40
5.3 DataTypesoftheOSIReferenceModel 41
5.4 InformationProcessingintheOSIReference
Model 42
Contents vii
5.5 AdvantagesoftheOSIReferenceModel 42
5.6 TheSevenLayersoftheOSIReferenceModel 43
5.6.1 Layer1:ThePhysicalLayer 43
5.6.2 Layer2:TheDataLinkLayer 43
5.6.3 Layer3:TheNetworkLayer 44
5.6.4 Layer4:TheTransportLayer 44
5.6.5 Layer5:TheSessionLayer 45
5.6.6 Layer6:ThePresentationLayer 45
5.6.7 Layer7:TheApplicationLayer 46
5.7 ComprehensionIssues 46
5.7.1 AnAnalogy:TheMovetoEurope 47
6 TheAbis-Interface 51
6.1 ChannelConfigurations 51
6.2 AlternativesforConnectingtheBTStotheBSC 52
6.2.1 BTSConnectioninaSerialConfiguration 54
6.2.2 ConnectionofBTSsinStarConfiguration 55
6.3 SignalingontheAbis-Interface 55
6.3.1 OSIProtocolStackontheAbis-Interface 55
6.3.2 Layer2 56
6.3.3 Layer3 71
6.4 BringinganAbis-InterfaceIntoService 87
6.4.1 Layer1 87
6.4.2 Layer2 87
7 TheAir-InterfaceofGSM 89
7.1 TheStructureoftheAir-InterfaceinGSM 89
7.1.1 TheFDMA/TDMAScheme 89
7.1.2 FrameHierarchyandFrameNumbers 90
7.1.3 SynchronizationBetweenUplinkandDownlink 93
7.2 PhysicalVersusLogicalChannels 94
7.3 Logical-ChannelConfiguration 94
viii GSMNetworks:Protocols,Terminology,andImplementation
7.3.1 MappingofLogicalChannelsOntoPhysical
Channels 95
7.3.2 PossibleCombinations 97
7.4 Interleaving 100
7.5 SignalingontheAirInterface 101
7.5.1 Layer2LAPDmSignaling 101
7.5.2 Layer3 107
8 SignalingSystemNumber7 125
8.1 TheSS7Network 125
8.2 MessageTransferPart 126
8.3 MessageTypesinSS7 127
8.3.1 Fill-InSignalUnit 127
8.3.2 LinkStatusSignalUnit 128
8.3.3 MessageSignalUnit 128
8.4 AddressingandRoutingofMessages 130
8.4.1 Example:DeterminationofDPC,OPC,andSLS
inaHexadecimalTrace 131
8.4.2 Example:CommissioningofanSS7Connection 132
8.5 ErrorDetectionandErrorCorrection 133
8.5.1 SendSequenceNumbersandReceiveSequence
Numbers(FSN,BSN,BIB,FIB) 135
8.5.2 BSN/BIBandFSN/FIBforMessageTransfer 135
8.6 SS7NetworkManagementandNetworkTest 138
8.6.1 SS7NetworkTest 139
8.6.2 PossibleErrorCases 140
8.6.3 FormatofSS7ManagementMessagesandTest
Messages 142
8.6.4 MessagesinSS7NetworkManagementand
NetworkTest 142
9 SignalingConnectionControlPart 153
9.1 TasksoftheSCCP 153
Contents ix
9.1.1 ServicesoftheSCCP:Connection-Oriented
VersusConnectionless 154
9.1.2 Connection-OrientedVersusConnectionless
Service 154
9.2 TheSCCPMessageFormat 156
9.3 TheSCCPMessages 158
9.3.1 TasksoftheSCCPMessages 158
9.3.2 ParametersofSCCPMessages 159
9.3.3 DecodingaSCCPMessage 167
9.4 ThePrincipleofaSCCPConnection 167
10 TheA-Interface 171
10.1 Dimensioning 171
10.2 SignalingOvertheA-Interface 173
10.2.1 TheBaseStationSubsystemApplicationPart 173
10.2.2 TheMessageStructureoftheBSSAP. 174
10.2.3 MessageTypesoftheBaseStationSubsystem
ManagementApplicationPart 176
10.2.4 DecodingofaBSSMAPMessage 183
11 TransactionCapabilitiesandMobile
ApplicationPart 185
11.1 TransactionCapabilitiesApplicationPart 185
11.1.1 AddressinginTCAP 186
11.1.2 TheInternalStructureofTCAP 187
11.1.3 CodingofParametersandDatainTCAP 189
11.1.4 TCAPMessagesUsedinGSM 198
11.2 MobileApplicationPart 208
11.2.1 CommunicationBetweenMAPanditsUsers 209
11.2.2 MAPServices 211
11.2.3 LocalOperationCodesoftheMobile
ApplicationPart 214
x GSMNetworks:Protocols,Terminology,andImplementation
11.2.4 CommunicationBetweenApplication,MAP,
andTCAP 220
12 Scenarios 225
12.1 LocationUpdate 227
12.1.1 LocationUpdateintheBSS 227
12.1.2 LocationUpdateintheNSS 227
12.2 EquipmentCheck 227
12.3 MobileOriginatingCall 233
12.3.1 MobileOriginatingCallintheBSS 233
12.3.2 MobileOriginatingCallintheNSS 233
12.4 MobileTerminatingCall 244
12.4.1 MobileTerminatingCallintheBSS 244
12.4.2 MobileTerminatingCallintheNSS 244
12.5 Handover 251
12.5.1 MeasurementResultsofBTSandMS 251
12.5.2 AnalysisofaMEAS_RES/MEAS_REP 255
12.5.3 HandoverScenarios 256
13 QualityofService 275
13.1 ToolsforProtocolMeasurements 275
13.1.1 OMCVersusProtocolAnalyzers 276
13.1.2 ProtocolAnalyzer 278
13.2 SignalingAnalysisinGSM 280
13.2.1 AutomaticAnalysisofProtocolTraces 280
13.2.2 ManualAnalysisofProtocolTraces 284
13.3 TipsandTricks 285
13.3.1 IdentificationofaSingleConnection 285
13.4 WhereintheTraceFiletoFindWhatParameter? 287
13.5 DetailedAnalysisofErrorsonAbisInterfaceand
A-Interface 287
13.5.1 MostImportantErrorMessages 291
Contents xi
13.5.2 ErrorAnalysisintheBSS 296
Glossary 303
AbouttheAuthor 405
Index 407