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Houda Derbel Bassem Jarboui Patrick Siarry  Editors Green Transportation and New Advances in Vehicle Routing Problems Green Transportation and New Advances in Vehicle Routing Problems Houda Derbel • Bassem Jarboui (cid:129) Patrick Siarry Editors Green Transportation and New Advances in Vehicle Routing Problems Editors HoudaDerbel BassemJarboui DepartmentofQuantitativeMethods DepartmentofBusiness andCS HigherCollegesofTechnology UniversityofCarthage AbuDhabi,UnitedArabEmirates Nabeul,Tunisia PatrickSiarry LaboratoireLiSSi(EA3956) UniversitéParis-EstCréteil Créteil,France ISBN978-3-030-45311-4 ISBN978-3-030-45312-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45312-1 ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2020 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthors,andtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG. Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface The vehicle routing problem (VRP) is considered among the most challenging in combinatorialoptimization.Inrecentyears,theevolutionofVRPtowardachieving real-life applicable streams enables expedited VRP variants, models, solution techniques,andapplications. In supply chain management, in addition to minimizing transport costs, there is now critical attention paid to environmental aspects. This book provides new advances in vehicle routing problems with the means to develop green logistic systems. Although there is a variety of existing papers and studies on vehicle routing problems, the green remains a promising field that requires further study. Tothisend,weproposeaddressingbothenvironmentalaspectsandvehiclerouting problems(VRPs)together. Theinteractionofclassicalvariantsofvehicleroutingproblemswithgreencon- cernscan help organizationsto overcomedifficulties and to achieve sustainability goals while minimizing the total distance to serve customers by providing cost- effective solutions. For this purpose, different vehicle routing problems and their extensionstakingintoaccountoperationalconstraintsrelatedtoenergyconsumption are proposed. In response to these challenges, this book essentially addresses the trade-off between transportation and energy consumption. It presents new VRP modelsandsolutionapproacheswhileconsideringgreentransportation. The greenvehicleroutingproblem(GVRP) is a variantof the standardvehicle routing problem designed to consider environmental externalities in addition to finding optimal routes. Interest in the green transportation area has considerably intensifiedinrecentyears.Inthisregard,thisbook“GreenTransportationandNew Advances in Vehicle Routing Problems” gives an overview of the green vehicle routing problem and focuses on the new trends in VRP motivated by achieving environmentalobjectivesintransportation.Itproposesnewadvanceswithinvehicle routing models, new solution techniques for solving GVRP, and new applications towardgreentransportation. The chapters in this book evolve new models and solution algorithms for solving different variants of vehicle routing problems that consider challenging environmentalaspects.Theypresentnotonlyanup-to-datereviewofvehiclerouting v vi Preface problemsandpracticalperspectivesbutalsosolutionapproachesrelatedtothegreen contexttohelporganizationsandcompaniesachievegreeneractivities. Organization oftheBook Thisbookisorganizedinto8chapters. Thechapter“NewAdvancesinVehicleRoutingProblems:ALiteratureReview toExploretheFuture”byM.AsghariandS.M.J.MirzapourAl-e-Hashemaimsto provide a comprehensiveand up-to-datereview of the three major and applicable streams of vehicle routing problems (VRPs), namely the electric vehicle routing problem(EVRP),thegreenvehicleroutingproblem(GVRP),andthehybridvehicle routing problem (HVRP), including formulation techniques, methods of solution, and areas of application. The main objective of this chapter was to organize the available literature so as to provide a reference point for future research on new aspectsofroutingproblems. The chapter “A Robust Optimization for a Home Healthcare Routing and SchedulingProblemConsideringGreenhouseGasEmissionsandStochasticTravel and Service Times” by A.M. Fathollahi-Fard, A. Ahmadi, and B. Karimi deals with home healthcare (HHC) services for elderly people in developed countries. AHHCsystemaimstoconsideranumberofcaregivers,startingwithapharmacy, servingasetofpatientsattheirhomewithdifferenthomecareservices,including housekeeping, nursing, and physiotherapy. To meet the demands of patients in a timelyfashion,thecaregiverhastodealwithsomestochasticparameterstocarryout avalidplantovisitthepatients.Thelogisticsactivitiesofthissystemneedefficient optimizationmodelsandalgorithmstofindavalidplanforcaregiversaddressingthe HHCroutingandschedulingproblem(HHCRSP).Abi-objectiverobustoptimiza- tionmodelisdevelopedandsolvedusingasetofefficientmetaheuristicalgorithms byconsideringthegreendimensionsofthelogisticactivities.Theauthorsalsoapply theKeshtelalgorithm(KA) tosolvethe problemandcompareitwith well-known algorithmsbasedondifferentcriteria. The chapter “A Skewed General Variable Neighborhood Search Approach for Solving the Battery Swap Station Location-Routing Problem with Capacitated ElectricVehicles”byM.Affi,H.Derbel,B.Jarboui,andP.Siarryconsidersanew variant of location-routingproblem for an electric vehicle with a single depot; an example of a location decision relates to the battery swap stations combinedwith consideringthevehiclerouting.Theauthorsproposeasolutionmethodbasedona skewedversionofthevariableneighborhoodsearch(SVNS)metaheuristicinorder toreducetheenergyconsumptionandthepollutioncausedbytransportoperations. TheresultsshowthattheSVNSiscompetitivewithstate-of-the-artmethods. The chapter “The Cumulative Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem Including PriorityIndexes”byK. Corona-Gutiérrez,M-L.Cruz, S.Nucamendi-Guillén,and E.OBenítezstudiesthecumulativecapacitatedvehicleroutingproblem,including priorityindexes. This problemcan be effectivelyimplementedin commercialand Preface vii public environments, where green concerns are incorporated. A mixed integer formulationisdevelopedaimingatminimizingtwoobjectives:thetotallatencyand the total tardiness of the system and solved using the AUGMECON approach to obtain true efficient Pareto fronts. Moreover, two metaheuristics were developed to solve the problem, one based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) and the other based on particle swarm optimization (PSO). The authors showthattheproposedmodelandalgorithmscanbeusefultosolveawidevariety ofsituations,whereeconomic,environmental,andsocialconcernsareinvolved. Thechapter“SolutionofaReal-LifeVehicleRoutingProblemwithMealBreaks andShifts”byÇ.Karademir,Ü. Bilge,N.Aras,G.B.Akkus¸,G.Öznergiz,andO. Dog˘an addresses an extension of the classical vehicle routing problem with time windows(VRPTW). Thisvariantincorporatesshiftsaswell asmealbreaksofthe deliverypersonnelandrequiresthewaitingtimeofavehicleoccurringbetweenthe customer arrivaltime and the service start time to be less than a certain threshold value, which givesrise to the VRPTW including breaksand shifts (VRPTW-BS). Threemethodsaredevelopedandappliedoninstancesofdifferentsizestosolvethe problem. The chapter “A Decomposition-Based Heuristic for a Waste Cooking Oil Col- lection Problem” by C. Gultekin, O.B. Olmez, B. Balcik, A. Ekici, and O.O. Ozener focuses on designing a waste cooking oil (WCO) collection network motivatedby the oil collection operationsof a biodieselcompany,which uses the collected WCO as a raw material in biodiesel production. The network involves a biodiesel facility, a set of collection centers (CCs), and source points (SPs) eachofwhichrepresentsagroupofhouseholds.WCO isproducedbyhouseholds and commercial organizations,which poses a serious threat to the environmentif disposed improperly. The problem addressed in this chapter is a new variant of the secondary facility location-routingproblem,where the bin allocation decision is also under consideration. The results of the mixed-integerprogramming (MIP) model and the decomposition-based heuristic (DA) with respect to both solution qualityandcomputationaltimearegivenandcompared. Thechapter“Time-DependentGreenVehicleRoutingProblem”byG.Masghati- AmoliandA.Haghanidescribesamodelforatime-dependentgreenvehiclerouting problem(TDGVRP)with amixedfleetofelectric(ECV)andinternalcombustion enginecommercialvehicles(ICCV)thatfindstheoptimalfleetdesignandroutesfor last-miledeliveryoperations.TheGVRPmodelproposedinthischaptertakesinto accountthelimitationsin theadoptionofbothECVsandICCVs. A mathematical formulationand a heuristic algorithmare proposedfor the defined TDGVRP, and numericalexperimentsaredesignedandtestedtodemonstratetheircapabilities.The results show that the proposedheuristic is efficientin findingsound solutionsand canbeusedtoidentifythechangesinfleetdesignandroutingoflast-miledelivery operationsasaresultofgreenlogisticspolicies. The chapter “Recent Developments in Real-Life Vehicle Routing Problem Applications” by L. Simeonova, N. Wassan, N. Wassan, and S. Salhi discusses someofthemainvehicleroutingproblemcategoriesmotivatedbyrealoperations, namely integrated problems, problems with alternative objective functions, and viii Preface those problems that are highly problem specific and have unique characteristics. Itprovidesadiscussionontheevolutionofreal-liferoutingproblemsandevaluates some important methodological considerations and aspects, which are typically overlookedintheliterature,suchastheroleofdata,methodologicalcomparability, implementation, and benefits realization. Finally, this chapter offers the guidance forbestpracticeandfutureresearchintheareaofreal-liferoutingproblems. Audience This book is dedicated to master’s and Ph.D. students, researchers in operation research,especiallyinthegreenvehicleroutingfield,andprofessionalsinindustry. Theywillfindmeaningfulmodelsandsolutionapproachesthathelpthemdevelop sustainableoperations. Nabeul,Tunisia HoudaDerbel AbuDhabi,UnitedArabEmirates BassemJarboui Créteil,France PatrickSiarry Contents 1 New Advancesin Vehicle Routing Problems:A Literature ReviewtoExploretheFuture............................................... 1 MohammadAsghariandS.MohammadJ.MirzapourAl-e-hashem 2 ARobustOptimizationforaHomeHealthcareRoutingand SchedulingProblemConsideringGreenhouseGasEmissions andStochasticTravelandServiceTimes.................................. 43 AmirMohammadFathollahi-Fard,AbbasAhmadi, andBehroozKarimi 3 ASkewedGeneralVariableNeighborhoodSearchApproachfor SolvingtheBatterySwapStationLocation-RoutingProblem withCapacitatedElectricVehicles......................................... 75 MannoubiaAffi,HoudaDerbel,BassemJarboui,andPatrickSiarry 4 The Cumulative Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem IncludingPriorityIndexes.................................................. 91 KarinaCorona-Gutiérrez,Maria-LuisaCruz, SamuelNucamendi-Guillén,andEliasOlivares-Benitez 5 SolutionofaReal-LifeVehicleRoutingProblemwithMeal BreaksandShifts ............................................................ 131 Çig˘demKarademir,ÜmitBilge,NecatiAras,GökayBurakAkkus¸, GöksuÖznergiz,andOnurDog˘an 6 A Decomposition-BasedHeuristicfora WasteCookingOil CollectionProblem........................................................... 159 CerenGultekin,OmerBerkOlmez,BurcuBalcik,AliEkici, andOkanOrsanOzener ix x Contents 7 Time-DependentGreenVehicleRoutingProblem ....................... 177 GolnushMasghati-AmoliandAliHaghani 8 RecentDevelopmentsinRealLife VehicleRoutingProblem Applications .................................................................. 213 LinaSimeonova,NiazWassan,NaveedWassan,andSaidSalhi

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