GREEK TRAGIC STYLE Form, Language and Interpretation PDF
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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84890-9 - Greek Tragic Style: Form, Language and Interpretation R. B. Rutherford Frontmatter More information GREEK TRAGIC STYLE Form,LanguageandInterpretation Greek tragedy is widely read and performed, but outside the com- mentary tradition detailed study of the poetic style and language ofAeschylus,SophoclesandEuripideshasbeenrelativelyneglected. Thisbookseekstofillthatgapbyprovidinganaccountofthepoet- ics of the tragic genre. The author describes the varied handling of spoken dialogue and of lyric song; major topics such as vocabulary, rhetoric and imagery are considered in detail and illustrated from a broad rangeof plays. Thecontribution of the chorusto thedramas isalsodiscussed.Characterisation,ironyandgeneralisingstatements are treated in separate chapters, and these topics are illuminated by comparisonswhichshownotonlywhatissharedbythethreemajor dramatistsbutalsowhatdistinguishestheirpractice.Thebooksheds lightbothonthegenreasawholeandonmanyparticularpassages. richard rutherford hasbeenTutorinGreekandLatinLiter- atureatChristChurch,Oxford,since1982.Hispreviouspublications include The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius: A Study (1989), Homer, Odyssey19and20(1992),TheArtofPlato(1995),Homer(Greeceand RomeNewSurveysintheClassics26,1996),andClassicalLiterature:A ConciseHistory(2005). © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84890-9 - Greek Tragic Style: Form, Language and Interpretation R. B. Rutherford Frontmatter More information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84890-9 - Greek Tragic Style: Form, Language and Interpretation R. B. Rutherford Frontmatter More information GREEK TRAGIC STYLE Form, Language and Interpretation R. B. RUTHERFORD © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84890-9 - Greek Tragic Style: Form, Language and Interpretation R. B. Rutherford Frontmatter More information UniversityPrintingHouse,Cambridgecb28bs,UnitedKingdom CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learningandresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521848909 (cid:2)c R.B.Rutherford2012 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2012 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyMPGPrintgroupLtd,Cambridge AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata Rutherford,R.B. Greektragicstyle:form,languageandinterpretation/R.B.Rutherford. p. cm. isbn978-0-521-84890-9(hardback) 1.Greekdrama–Historyandcriticism. 2.Poetics–History–To1500. I.Title. pa3131.r88 2012 882(cid:3).0109–dc23 2012002652 isbn978-0-521-84890-9Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof urlsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication, anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84890-9 - Greek Tragic Style: Form, Language and Interpretation R. B. Rutherford Frontmatter More information For EmilyandNicholas © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84890-9 - Greek Tragic Style: Form, Language and Interpretation R. B. Rutherford Frontmatter More information Inmyopinionweoughttorefine,renew,andintensifythelaboursof thegreatscholarswhohavepavedthewayforfuturework,likethem notshrinkingfromtheminutestscrutinywhiletryingtoseethewood aswellasthetrees.Wemaybeginbyobservingwords,theirmeaning, theirstructureandtheirorder,andendwithobservingcharacteristic habits of the poet’s mind in shaping dramatic characters, bringing aboutatragictension,andrevealinghisreligiousconvictions. Fraenkel,PBA28(1942)251 Thereadershouldbeenabledtobatheinexamples. Denniston,TheGreekParticlesvi TheprisonerssatinPoetryAppreciationchairs–strappedin.Vogons sufferednoillusionsastotheregardtheirworksweregenerallyheld in....The sweat stood out cold on Ford Prefect’s brow, and slid around the electrodes strapped to his temples. These were attached toabatteryofelectronicequipment–imageryintensifiers,rhythmic modulators,alliterativeresidulatorsandsimiledumpers–alldesigned toheightentheexperienceofthepoemandmakesurethatnotasingle nuanceofthepoet’sthoughtwaslost. DouglasAdams,TheHitchhiker’sGuidetotheGalaxych.7 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84890-9 - Greek Tragic Style: Form, Language and Interpretation R. B. Rutherford Frontmatter More information Contents Preface pagexi Listofabbreviations xvi Noteontexts xix 1 Introduction 1 1 I Startingpoints:threepassages 4 II Problemsofdefinition(‘style’andotherterms) 17 III Ancientandmodernstudyofthesubject 2 Genre:form,structureandmode 29 29 I Formaldescription 37 II Historicaloutline 45 III Genericappropriationanddistortion 57 IV Comedyandtragedy(paratragicandsub-tragicpassages) 65 V Perceptionsofthegenre 3 Words,themesandnames 70 I Tragicdiction,syntaxandstyleintheprologue 70 toAntigone II Settingthesceneandestablishingmood.Keywordsand 84 dominantthemes 95 III Names:using,withholdingandrevealingthem 101 IV Formsofaddress;Sophocles,Philoctetes Appendix1:Vocabulary 109 Appendix2:Anoteonalliterationandrelatedphenomena 113 4 TheimageryofGreektragedy 119 119 I Introductory:theimportanceofthesubject 128 II Recurringor‘thematic’imageryintheOresteiaandelsewhere III Centralfieldsoftragicimagery;borderregionsbetween 137 godandman,bridgedbyimagery 149 IV Personification,especiallyofdivinisedentities vii © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84890-9 - Greek Tragic Style: Form, Language and Interpretation R. B. Rutherford Frontmatter More information viii Contents 5 Thedramatistsatwork:spokenverse 163 163 I Preliminaries 164 II Longversusshort;stichomythia 179 III Prologue 190 IV Agon 200 V Messengerspeech 6 Thedramatistsatwork:lyrics 217 217 I Preliminaries:thetragicchorus II Threetragicchoralsongs(Aeschylus,Agamemnon,Sophocles, 226 Electra,Euripides,Hippolytus) III TwosongsonAthens(Euripides,Medea,Sophocles, 237 OedipusColoneus) 246 IV Song-speechcombinations:asurvey 261 V Monody.Creusa’smonodyinEuripides’Ion 267 VI NewMusic,newstyles 277 VII LateSophocleansong:OedipusColoneus 7 ThecharactersofGreektragedy 283 283 I Problemsandapproaches 289 II Charactertypes,especiallyfemale 296 III ThewatchmaninAeschylus,Agamemnon IV Deceptivewomen:Aeschylus’Clytemnestra; 298 Sophocles’Deianira 309 V NeoptolemusinSophocles,Philoctetes 312 VI Changingperspectives:Euripides’Hippolytus 315 VII Thedramaofindecision:Medea 8 TheironyofGreektragedy 323 I Ironyandrelatedterms;theroleofthegods; 323 epicbackground 329 II Malignirony:scenesofentrapment 334 III Ignoranceandrecognition 343 IV Divinemanipulationandhumandownfall 350 V DionysusintheBacchae 357 Appendix:Metatextualirony 9 ThewisdomofGreektragedy 365 365 I Thegeneralandthegnomic 368 II Noveltyofthoughtandideas 374 III Questionsaboutdeity IV Grandeurofexpression:Aeschylus,Agamemnon,Sophocles, 382 OedipusColoneus 389 V GeneralstatementsinSophocles,Ajax © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84890-9 - Greek Tragic Style: Form, Language and Interpretation R. B. Rutherford Frontmatter More information Contents ix 10 Epilogue 399 Bibliography 412 SelectindexofGreekwords 447 Indexoftopics 448 Indexofpassagescited 456 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84890-9 - Greek Tragic Style: Form, Language and Interpretation R. B. Rutherford Frontmatter More information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
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