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Carbon Nanostructures Anish Khan Mohammad Jawaid Bernaurdshaw Neppolian Abdullah M. Asiri Editors Graphene Functionalization Strategies From Synthesis to Applications Carbon Nanostructures Series Editor Paulo Araujo, The University of Albama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA Editorial Board Antonio Gomes Sousa Filho, Universidade Federal do Ceara—UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil Stephen K. Doorn, Los Alamos National Laboratory—LANL, Los Alamos, NM, USA Aaron D. Franklin, Electrical & Com Engg, Hudson Hall 129, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA Achim Hartschuh, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany Carbon is intimately connected to almost everything we deal with in a daily basis. Duetoitsoutstandingproperties,suchashighstabilityatenvironmentalconditions, different hybridizations, strong covalent bond formation and easy of compounds formation, carbon has been a topic of scientific interest in several areas. Indeed, starting in the 19th century, chemists have devoted a whole field to study carbon-based compounds, which is, nowadays, known as Organic Chemistry. Remarkably, the last 30 years have been witnessing an exponential advance in the scienceinvolvingcarbonandcarbonstructures.SincethediscoveryofFullerenesin 1985, which was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1996, carbon nanostructures have been attracting a great deal of attention from the research community.Thispublicinterestdramaticallyincreasedafterthepublicationsbythe Iijima and Bethune groups on single-wall carbon nanotubes in 1993 and found a “new research era” with the isolation of a monolayer of carbon atoms, also called graphene,whichconductedgroundbreakingexperimentsdemonstratingoutstanding phenomena such as the Klein-Tunneling and the fractional quantum hall effect. No wonder, graphene was the object of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics. The“CarbonNanostructures”bookseriescoversthestate-of-artintheresearchof nanocarbons and their applications. Topics related to carbon allotropes such as diamond,graphite,graphene,fullerenes,metallofullerenes,solidC60,buckyonions, foams, nanotubes and nanocones, including history, theory, synthesis, chemistry & physics, Biophysics & engineering, characterization methods, properties and applications are welcome. Within the “Carbon Nanostructures” book series, the readerwillfindvaluable,up-to-dateaccountofboththenewerandtraditionalforms of carbon. This book series supports the rapid expansion of this field and is a valuableresource for students and professionals inseveraldifferent areas. Springerwelcomesnewbookideasfrompotentialauthors.Ifyouareinterestedin publishingyourbookinthisseries,[email protected] ** Indexed by Scopus (2018) ** More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8633 Anish Khan Mohammad Jawaid (cid:129) (cid:129) Bernaurdshaw Neppolian Abdullah M. Asiri (cid:129) Editors Graphene Functionalization Strategies From Synthesis to Applications 123 Editors AnishKhan Mohammad Jawaid Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology KingAbdulaziz University INTROP Jeddah, SaudiArabia Universiti PutraMalaysia Selangor, Malaysia Centerof Excellence for Advanced Materials Research AbdullahM. Asiri KingAbdulaziz University Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Jeddah, SaudiArabia KingAbdulaziz University Jeddah, SaudiArabia Bernaurdshaw Neppolian EnergyandEnvironmentalRemediationLab Centerof Excellence for Advanced SRMUniversity Materials Research Chennai, India KingAbdulaziz University Jeddah, SaudiArabia ISSN 2191-3005 ISSN 2191-3013 (electronic) Carbon Nanostructures ISBN978-981-32-9056-3 ISBN978-981-32-9057-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9057-0 ©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2019 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregard tojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Dedicate this book to his lovely and precious Daughter Aleena Jawaid Dr. Mohammad Jawaid Preface The focus of this book is about the current demand of the technology i.e. functionalization of grapheme oxide by graphting different entities that respond to the different functionalities just like the sensitive core entities. The specialism in grapheme oxide functionalization inaugurated by its outstanding electrical and mechanical properties. Unlike other material, this designed material is combined withresins,carbonmaterials,nanoparticlestoformahighrespondingfunctionality as to get the interested in that particular materials. Functionalized grapheme oxide currently standsbest among thereplacementmaterialstoconventional engineering materials because of its outstanding features such as lightweight, lower cost, environmentallyfriendly and sustainability. The unique featureof this bookis that it presents a unified knowledge of the high-quality material on the basis of characterization, design, manufacture and applications. Thisbookwillhelpresearchers, scientistsandindustries tounderstand theneed of functionalized graphene for development of safe and sustainable products for different applications. The characterization of functionalized graphene plays a crucial role to find out its potentiality in different real-world application. It elabo- rates the basic characterization offunctionalized graphene or graphene oxide such as; physical, mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. Added with significant morphological and structural properties for clear understanding of this type of materials. Wearehighlythankfultoallauthorswhocontributedbookchaptersandprovide theirvaluableideasandknowledgeinthiseditedbook.Weattempttogatherallthe scattered information of authors from diverse fields around the world (Malaysia, Jordan,USA,Turkey,India,SaudiArabia,Bangladesh,Oman,andSweden)inthe areas of functionalized graphene nanocomposite and applications and finally complete this venture in a fruitful way. We greatly appreciate contributor’s com- mitment for their support to compile our ideas in reality. vii viii Preface WearehighlythankfultoSpringer-Natureteamfortheirgenerouscooperationat every stage of the book production. Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Anish Khan Selangor, Malaysia Mohammad Jawaid Chennai, India Bernaurdshaw Neppolian Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Abdullah M. Asiri Acknowledgments ThefinancialsupportfromGeneralitatdeCatalunya(Grant2017SGR1033)andthe Spanish Structures of Excellence Mariá de Maeztu Program Grant MDM-2017-0767. This work was supported by the project “Information and Communication Technologies for a Single Digital Market in Science, Education and Security” of the Scientific Research Center, NIS-3317. ix Contents Synthesis of Metal/Metal Oxide Supported Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) for the Applications of Electrocatalysis and Supercapacitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Lakshmanan Karuppasamy, Lakshmanan Gurusamy, Gang-Juan Lee and Jerry J. Wu Functionalized Graphene-Metal Nanoparticles Nanohybrids as Electrochemical Sensors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Ankita Sinha, Dhanjai, Jiping Chen and Rajeev Jain Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis, Exfoliation and Functionalisation of Graphene Derivatives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Dipanwita Majumdar Sonochemically Covalent Functionalized Graphene Oxide Towards Photoluminescence and Nanocytotoxicity Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Gopal Avashthi, Shrikant S. Maktedar and Man Singh Functionalized Graphene/Polymer Nanofiber Composites and Their Functional Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Hanan Abdali and Abdellah Ajji Graphene Functionalization and Nanopolymers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Martin Kássio Leme Silva and Ivana Cesarino Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine in the Presence of Uric Acid Using Graphene Oxide Modified Electrode as Highly Sensitive and Selective Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Buse Demirkan, Hasan Ay, Sümeyye Karakuş, Gülseren Uzun, Anish Khan and Fatih Şen Cyclodextrin Functionalized Graphene and Its Applications . . . . . . . . . 193 Li Fu xi