Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics Language Skills Practice (Introductory Course)

397 Pages·57.731 MB·

by  McDougal Holt.

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Contents
Grammar,Usage,and Mechanics Chapter 3
Language Skills Practice PARTS OF SPEECH OVERVIEW:
USING THIS WORKBOOK..............................................vii VERB,ADVERB,PREPOSITION,CONJUNCTION,
INTERJECTION
Chapter 1 The Verb...........................................................................36
THE SENTENCE Main Verbs and Helping Verbs...................................37
Sentences and Sentence Fragments A..........................1 Verb Phrases....................................................................38
Sentences and Sentence Fragments B..........................2 Action Verbs....................................................................39
Sentences and Sentence Fragments C..........................3 Linking Verbs..................................................................40
Simple Subjects and Complete Subjects......................4 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs................................41
Simple Predicates and Complete Predicates..............5 Kinds of Verbs.................................................................42
Verb Phrases......................................................................6 The Adverb A.................................................................43
Simple and Complete Subjects and Predicates A......7 The Adverb B..................................................................44
Simple and Complete Subjects and Predicates B.......8 Adverb or Adjective?....................................................45
Compound Subjects.........................................................9 The Preposition...............................................................46
Compound Verbs...........................................................10 The Prepositional Phrase..............................................47
Compound Subjects and Compound Verbs.............11 Preposition or Adverb?.................................................48
Subjects and Verbs A.....................................................12 The Conjunction A.........................................................49
Subjects and Verbs B......................................................13 The Conjunction B.........................................................50
Sentences Classified by Purpose A.............................14 The Interjection...............................................................51
Sentences Classified by Purpose B.............................15 Determining Parts of Speech.......................................52
REVIEWA: Sentences and Sentence Fragments........16 REVIEWA: Parts of Speech............................................53
REVIEWB: Sentence Parts..............................................17 REVIEWB: Parts of Speech.............................................54
REVIEWC: Sentence Parts..............................................18 REVIEWC: Parts of Speech............................................55
REVIEWD: Kinds of Sentences......................................19 Chapter 4
Chapter 2 THE PHRASE AND THE CLAUSE
PARTS OF SPEECH OVERVIEW: Identifying Phrases........................................................56
NOUN,PRONOUN,ADJECTIVE Prepositional Phrases A................................................57
erved. The Noun.........................................................................20 Prepositional Phrases B.................................................58
ghts res PPrrooppeerr aanndd CCoommmmoonn NNoouunnss AB......................................................................2212 AAddjveecrtbiv Pe hPrharsaesse.s........................................................................................................................5690
All ri Pronouns and Antecedents..........................................23 Adjective and Adverb Phrases A................................61
n.
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d Wi Demonstrative Pronouns and Relative The Clause.......................................................................63
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eh Indefinite Pronouns and Interrogative Subordinate Clauses......................................................65
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by H Identifying Kinds of Pronouns....................................27 Adverb Clauses..............................................................67
ht © The Adjective..................................................................28 Adjective and Adverb Clauses A................................68
pyrig Proper Adjectives...........................................................29 Adjective and Adverb Clauses B................................69
Co Demonstrative Adjectives............................................30 Simple and Compound Sentences.............................70
Noun, Pronoun, or Adjective? A................................31 Compound and Complex Sentences.........................71
Noun, Pronoun, or Adjective? B.................................32 Complex and Compound-Complex Sentences.......72
REVIEWA: Nouns............................................................33 Identifying Kinds of Sentences...................................73
REVIEWB: Pronouns.......................................................34 REVIEWA: Phrases and Clauses...................................74
REVIEWC: Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives...........35 REVIEWB: Phrases and Clauses...................................75
REVIEWC: Sentences.......................................................76
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Contents
Chapter 5 Identifying Tense.........................................................114
COMPLEMENTS Using Tense Consistently...........................................115
Complements..................................................................77 Using Sit andSet..........................................................116
Direct Objects..................................................................78 Using Riseand Raise....................................................117
Indirect Objects...............................................................79 Using Lieand Lay.........................................................118
Direct Objects and Indirect Objects A........................80 Six Confusing Verbs....................................................119
Direct Objects and Indirect Objects B........................81 REVIEWA: Using Regular and Irregular
Subject Complements....................................................82 Verb Forms...............................................................120
Predicate Nominatives..................................................83 REVIEWB: Tense............................................................121
Predicate Adjectives......................................................84 REVIEWC: Writing Correct Verb Forms...................122
Predicate Nominatives and Predicate REVIEWD: Using Correct Verb Forms......................123
Adjectives A...............................................................85
Chapter 8
Predicate Nominatives and Predicate
USING PRONOUNS CORRECTLY
Adjectives B...............................................................86
REVIEWA: Complements..............................................87 Forms of Personal Pronouns.....................................124
REVIEWB: Complements...............................................88 Using the Subject Form A..........................................125
REVIEWC: Complements...............................................89 Using the Subject Form B...........................................126
Using the Object Form A............................................127
Chapter 6 Using the Object Form B............................................128
AGREEMENT Subject Form and Object Form Pronouns A..........129
Number............................................................................90 Subject Form and Object Form Pronouns B...........130
Subject and Verb Agreement A...................................91 Who andWhom.............................................................131
Subject and Verb Agreement B....................................92 Pronouns with Appositives.......................................132
Phrases Between Subject and Verb.............................93 REVIEWA: Using Pronouns Correctly......................133
Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns A....................94 REVIEWB: Using Pronouns Correctly.......................134
Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns B....................95 REVIEWC: Using Pronouns Correctly......................135
Compound Subjects......................................................96
Chapter 9
Subject After the Verb....................................................97
USING MODIFIERS CORRECTLY
Don’t and Doesn’t............................................................98
Agreement of Pronoun and Antecedent A...............99 One-Word Modifiers...................................................136 erved.
IAngdreefeinmiteen Pt roofn Poruonnso uasn Aanndte Acendteenctesd.e..n...t. .B.............................110001 PChlaruasseess UUsseedd aass MMooddiiffiieerrss..................................................................................113378 ghts res
Antecedents Joined by Or, Nor, or And...................102 Words, Phrases, and Clauses Used n. All ri
REVIEWA: Subject-Verb Agreement..........................103 as Modifiers.............................................................139 nsto
REVIEWB: Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement...........104 Regular Comparisons.................................................140 d Wi
REVIEWC: Agreement..................................................105 Irregular Comparisons...............................................141 art an
REVIEWD: Agreement.................................................106 Regular and Irregular Comparisons A....................142 neh
Regular and Irregular Comparisons B....................143 olt, Ri
Chapter 7 Use of Comparative and Superlative Forms A.....144 by H
USING VERBS CORRECTLY Use of Comparative and Superlative Forms B......145 ht ©
Identifying the Principal Parts of Verbs..................107 Good andWell...............................................................146 pyrig
Using Regular Verbs...................................................108 Adjective or Adverb?..................................................147 Co
Using Irregular Verbs A..............................................109 Double Comparisons..................................................148
Using Irregular Verbs B..............................................110 Double Negatives........................................................149
Using Irregular Verbs C..............................................111 Misplaced One-Word Modifiers...............................150
Using Irregular Verbs D.............................................112 Misplaced Prepositional Phrases..............................151
Using Irregular Verbs E..............................................113 Misplaced Adjective Clauses.....................................152
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Contents
Placement of Modifiers A..........................................153 Commas in Compound Sentences...........................190
Placement of Modifiers B...........................................154 Commas with Interrupters........................................191
REVIEWA: Forms and Comparisons.........................155 Commas with Introductory Elements.....................192
REVIEWB: Special Problems and Double Commas A.....................................................................193
Negatives.................................................................156 Commas B.....................................................................194
REVIEWC: Misplaced Modifiers................................157 Conventional Uses of Commas................................195
REVIEWD: All Types of Problems..............................158 Comma Review A.......................................................196
Comma Review B........................................................197
Chapter 10
Semicolons....................................................................198
A GLOSSARY OF USAGE Colons............................................................................199
Avoiding Usage Problems A.....................................159 REVIEWA: End Marks and Abbreviations...............200
Avoiding Usage Problems B......................................160 REVIEWB: Commas......................................................201
Avoiding Usage Problems C.....................................161 REVIEWC: Semicolons and Colons...........................202
Avoiding Usage Problems D.....................................162 REVIEWD: End Marks, Commas,
Avoiding Usage Problems E......................................163 Semicolons, and Colons........................................203
REVIEWA: Common Usage Problems......................164
Chapter 13
REVIEWB: Common Usage Problems......................165
REVIEWC: Common Usage Problems......................166 PUNCTUATION:
UNDERLINING (ITALICS),QUOTATION MARKS,
Chapter 11
APOSTROPHES,HYPHENS
CAPITAL LETTERS Underlining (Italics) A................................................204
First Words and I.........................................................167 Underlining (Italics) B.................................................205
Proper Nouns A...........................................................168 Quotation Marks with Direct Quotations...............206
Proper Nouns B............................................................169 Quotation Marks in Dialogue...................................207
Proper Nouns C...........................................................170 Quotation Marks with Titles.....................................208
Proper Nouns D...........................................................171 Quotation Marks..........................................................209
Proper Nouns E............................................................172 Underlining (Italics) and Quotation Marks A.......210
Proper Nouns F............................................................173 Underlining (Italics) and Quotation Marks B........211
Proper Nouns G...........................................................174 Apostrophes with Possessives..................................212
ed. School Subjects and Proper Adjectives....................175 Possessive Pronouns...................................................213
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hts r Proper Nouns and Proper Adjectives B..................177 Apostrophes in Contractions....................................215
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Wi Titles of Books and Other Works..............................180 Hyphens........................................................................218
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eh Abbreviations and Titles B.........................................182 Quotation Marks....................................................219
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by H REVIEWB: Capital Letters............................................184 REVIEWC: Hyphens.....................................................221
ht © REVIEWC: Capital Letters...........................................185 REVIEWD: Underlining (Italics), Quotation
opyrig Chapter 12 Marks, Apostrophes, Hyphens............................222
C
Chapter 14
PUNCTUATION:
END MARKS,SEMICOLONS,COLONS,COMMAS SPELLING
End Marks.....................................................................186 Good Spelling Habits..................................................223
Abbreviations...............................................................187 ieand ei..........................................................................224
End Marks and Abbreviations..................................188 Prefixes...........................................................................225
Commas with Items in a Series................................189 Adding –nessand –ly..................................................226
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Contents
Adding Suffixes to Words Ending in Silent e.........227 Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement B..........................249
Adding Suffixes to Words Ending in y...................228 Verb Forms A................................................................250
Doubling Final Consonants When Verb Forms B................................................................251
Adding Suffixes......................................................229 Pronoun Forms A........................................................252
Suffixes...........................................................................230 Pronoun Forms B.........................................................253
Forming the Plurals of Nouns A..............................231 Comparative and Superlative Forms of
Forming the Plurals of Nouns B...............................232 Modifiers..................................................................254
Forming the Plurals of Nouns C..............................233 Misplaced Modifiers...................................................255
Forming Plurals: Review............................................234 Double Comparisons and Double Negatives........256
Words Often Confused A...........................................235 Standard Usage A........................................................257
Words Often Confused B...........................................236 Standard Usage B .......................................................258
Words Often Confused C...........................................237 Capitalization A...........................................................259
Words Often Confused D...........................................238 Capitalization B............................................................260
REVIEWA: Spelling Rules............................................239 Commas A.....................................................................261
REVIEWB: Words Often Confused ...........................240 Commas B.....................................................................262
REVIEWC: Spelling Rules and Words Semicolons and Colons .............................................263
Often Confused.......................................................241 Quotation Marks and Other Punctuation A..........264
REVIEWD: Spelling Rules and Words Quotation Marks and Other Punctuation B...........265
Often Confused.......................................................242 Apostrophes..................................................................266
All Marks of Punctuation A......................................267
Chapter 15
All Marks of Punctuation B.......................................268
CORRECTING COMMON ERRORS Spelling A......................................................................269
Sentence Fragments.....................................................243 Spelling B.......................................................................270
Run-on Sentences........................................................244 Words Often Confused...............................................271
Sentence Fragments and Run-on Sentences...........245 Spelling and Words Often Confused.......................272
Subject-Verb Agreement A.........................................246 REVIEWA: Usage...........................................................273
Subject-Verb Agreement B.........................................247 REVIEWB: Mechanics...................................................274
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement A.........................248 REVIEWC: Usage and Mechanics..............................275
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Using This Workbook
The worksheets in this workbook provide practice, reinforcement, and extension for
Chapters 1–15 of Elements of Language.
Most of the worksheets you will find in this workbook are traditional worksheetsproviding
practice and reinforcement activities on every rule and on all major instructional topics in the
grammar, usage, and mechanics chapters in Elements of Language.
The Teaching Resources include the Answer Key, which is located on the Teacher One Stop.
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Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics:Language Skills Practice
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NAME CLASS DATE
G
for CHAPTER 1: THE SENTENCE pages 50–51 RA
M
Sentences and Sentence Fragments A
M
A
R
1a. A sentenceis a word group that contains a subject and a verb and that expresses a complete
thought.
EXAMPLE The American bison is brown and black.
Asentence fragment is a word group that looks like a sentence but either does not contain both
a subject and a verb or does not express a complete thought.
SENTENCEFRAGMENT Graze on the plain.
SENTENCE The bison graze on the plain.
EXERCISE Decide whether each group of words is a sentence or a sentence fragment. Write Sfor
sentenceorSFfor sentence fragmenton the line provided.
SF
Example 1.Has a large head and humped shoulders.
1. Zoologists call the American buffalo a bison.
2. May weigh up to three thousand pounds.
3. Live in herds and feed on grass.
______ 4. Once roamed across North America.
5. In 1850, there were still about twenty million bison.
6. By 1890, bison were almost extinct.
7. Didn’t kill all those bison.
8. Now, more than thirty thousand.
9. Bison were difficult to hunt on foot.
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18. Also another word for mustang.
19. Descendants of wild mustangs are still used to herd cattle.
20. Broncos, or broncs, in rodeo competitions.
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Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics:Language Skills Practice
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NAME CLASS DATE
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RA for CHAPTER 1: THE SENTENCE pages 50–51
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Sentences and Sentence Fragments B
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A
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1a. A sentenceis a word group that contains a subject and a verb and that expresses a complete
thought.
EXAMPLES Didn’t a picture of that headdress appear on a United States stamp?
What a beautiful arrangement of feathers it is!
Asentence fragment is a word group that looks like a sentence but either does not contain both
a subject and a verb or does not express a complete thought.
SENTENCEFRAGMENT Brown feathers of the golden eagle.
SENTENCE Brown feathers of the golden eagle adorn the headdress.
EXERCISEA Decide whether each group of words is a sentence or a sentence fragment. Write Sfor
sentenceor SFfor sentence fragment on the line provided.
Example SF 1.When we entered the museum’s exhibit area.
1. No two headdresses of the Plains Indians.
2. The feathers of the male golden eagle are a sign of bravery and speed.
3. Have you ever seen a real Plains Indian headdress?
4. At the famous Battle of the Little Bighorn, General George Custer!
5. What a fierce battle that was!
6. Lived in earth lodges or tepees.
7. Villages along rivers and streams.
8. As they followed herds of buffalo across the vast plains.
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9. Buffalo meat a main part of their diet. erv
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10. The skins of the buffalo were used for bedding, clothing, and tepees. hts r
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EXERCISEB On each line below,write a sentence that includes each sentence fragment. Add punctua- nsto
tion and change capitalization as needed for your sentence. Wi
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Example 1. Hissing, the cat Hissing, the cat swatted at the unfamiliar dog. hart
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12. Gave the school a donation ©
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14. Will become a firefighter
15. Jumping up and down
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ELEMENTSOFLANGUAGE Introductory Course
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NAME CLASS DATE
G
for CHAPTER 1: THE SENTENCE pages 50–51 RA
M
Sentences and Sentence Fragments C
M
A
R
1a. A sentenceis a word group that contains a subject and a verb and that expresses a complete
thought.
Asentence fragmentis a word group that looks like a sentence but either does not contain both
a subject and a verb or does not express a complete thought.
SENTENCE FRAGMENT Because we were tired.
SENTENCE We left early because we were tired.
EXERCISE Each item below shows one way a sentence fragment can be corrected.Study each correction.
Then,on the line provided,show another way each fragment can be corrected.
Example 1. Fragment: Studying the solar system. Correction: Kim is studying the solar system.
The class was studying the solar system.
1. Fragment: My neighbor Flo. Correction: My neighbor Flo is a dancer.
2. Fragment: Waiting for the bus. Correction: Mr. Bossio is waiting for the bus.
3. Fragment: Cutting the apple into four pieces. Correction: Cut the apple into four pieces.
4. Fragment: Len’s new puppy. Correction: Have you seen Len’s new puppy?
d. 5. Fragment: After the soccer match. Correction: I spoke to Kara after the soccer match.
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9. Fragment: Beneath the surface. Correction: What mysteries lie beneath the surface?
10. Fragment: Before she left. Correction: Janet called me before she left.
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Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics:Language Skills Practice
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NAME CLASS DATE
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RA for CHAPTER 1: THE SENTENCE pages 53–54
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Simple Subjects and Complete Subjects
M
A
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1b. The subjecttells whomor whatthe sentence is about.
The complete subjectconsists of all the words needed to tell whomor whatthe sentence is about.
1c. The simple subjectis the main word or word group that tells whomor whatthe sentence is about.
COMPLETE SUBJECT The English reportsare due on Tuesday.
SIMPLE SUBJECT The English reportsare due on Tuesday.
EXERCISEA The complete subject is underlined in the following sentences. Circle the simple subject.
Example 1. Has anyone in the classseen The Miracle Worker?
1. Young Helen Kellercould not see, hear, or speak.
2. Didn’t a serious illnesscause her disabilities?
3. Helen’s fatherhired Anne Sullivan, a teacher from Boston.
4. Ms. Sullivanused the sense of touch to communicate with Helen.
5. The Miracle Workerwas a play and movie about Anne Sullivan and Helen Keller.
6. In 1904, Kellergraduated from Radcliffe College.
7. Her college classeswere interpreted for her by Anne Sullivan.
8. The problems of sightless peoplewere a concern to Keller.
9. After college sheworked for the American Foundation for the Blind.
10. Many people with disabilitieshave been inspired by Helen Keller’s achievements.
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EXERCISEB Underline the complete subject in the following sentences. Then,circle the simple subject. erv
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Example 1. In the 1820s, Louis Brailledevised a way for sightless people to read. g
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11. At first Louis Braille’s dot system was not officially accepted. on.
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12. Eventually Braille’s system won acceptance all over the world. d
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13. Braille is a code of raised dots on paper. eh
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14. Different arrangements of dots stand for the alphabet, punctuation marks, and numbers. olt,
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15. Sightless people can run their fingers along the dots. ht ©
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16. Since the early 1960s, the process of making braille books has been improved with computers. opyri
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17. First, the text is typed into a computer.
18. The computer automatically translates the words into braille.
19. Then the raised braille figures are transferred onto metal plates or paper.
20. Have you ever seen a braille book?
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ELEMENTSOFLANGUAGE Introductory Course