Grammar from the Human Perspective: Case, Space and Person in Finnish

293 Pages·2006·1.64 MB·English

by  Lyle Campbell

Grammar from the human PersPective
AMSTERDAM STUDIES IN THE THEORY AND
HISTORY OF LINGUISTIC SCIENCE
General editor
e.f.K. Koerner
(Zentrum für allgemeine sprachwissenschaf, typologie
und universalienforschung, Berlin)
series iv – current issues in LinGuistic theorY
Advisory Editorial Board
Lyle campbell (salt Lake city); sheila embleton (toronto)
Brian D. Joseph (columbus, ohio); John e. Joseph (edinburgh)
manfred Krifa (Berlin); e. Wyn roberts (vancouver, B.c.)
Joseph c. salmons (madison, Wis.); hans-Jürgen sasse (Köln)
volume 277
marja-Liisa helasvuo and Lyle campbell (eds.)
Grammar from the Human Perspective.
Case, space and person in Finnish.
Grammar
from the human
PersPective
case, sPace anD Person in finnish
edited by
marJa-Liisa heLasvuo
University of Turku
LYLe camPBeLL
University of Utah
John BenJamins PuBLishinG comPanY
amsterDam/PhiLaDeLPhia
4- Te paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of american national
standard for information sciences — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library materials,
ansi Z39.48-1984.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Grammar from the human perspective : case, space and person in finnish / edited by marja-Liisa helasvuo,
Lyle campbell.
p. cm. -- (amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science. series iv, current issues
in linguistic theory, issn 0304-0763 ; v. 277)
includes bibliographical references and index.
1. finnish language--Grammar. 2. finnish language--case. 3. finnish language--Person. 4. space and time in
language.
Ph133.G73 2006
494/.541--dc22 2006043055
isBn 90 272 4792 7 (hb; alk. paper)
© 2006 – John Benjamins B.v.
no part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microflm, or any other means, with-
out written permission from the publisher.
John Benjamins Publishing co. • P.o.Box 36224 • 1020 me amsterdam • Te netherlands
John Benjamins north america • P.o.Box 27519 • Philadelphia Pa 19118-0519 • usa
CONTENTS
Abbreviations & transcription symbols vii
Acknowledgements ix
Introduction: Grammar from the human perspective 1
Marja-Liisa Helasvuo and Lyle Campbell
An introduction to Finnish spatial relations:
Local cases and adpositions 11
Tuomas Huumo and Krista Ojutkangas
Part I: Space and location
Spatial axes in language and conceptualization:
The case of bidirectional constructions 21
Krista Ojutkangas
“I woke up from the sofa”: Subjective directionality in Finnish
expressions of a spatio-cognitive transfer 41
Tuomas Huumo
Metonymy in locatives of state 67
Tiina Onikki-Rantajääskö
Part II: The human perspective
Body part names and grammaticalization 101
Toni Suutari
On distinguishing between recipient and beneficiary in Finnish 129
Seppo Kittilä
Oblique mentions of human referents in Finnish conversation:
The effects of prominence in discourse and grammar 153
Ritva Laury
vi CONTENTS
Part III: Person
Person in Finnish: Paradigmatic and syntagmatic
relations in interaction 173
Marja-Liisa Helasvuo and Lea Laitinen
Zero person in Finnish: A grammatical resource
for construing human reference 209
Lea Laitinen
Passive — personal or impersonal? A Finnish perspective 233
Marja-Liisa Helasvuo
Master List of References 257
Index of Subjects and Terms 277
Abbreviations
ABL Ablative case (f‘rom)’
ABS Absolutive case
ACC Accusative case
ACT Active voice
ADE Adessive case (o‘n, at)’
ADJ Adjectival derivational suffix
ALL Allative case (o‘nto, towards)’
CLT Clitic
COND Conditional mood
ELA Elative case (f‘rom)’
ERG Ergative case
GEN Genitive case
ESS Essive case (a‘s, at, in)’
ILL Illative (t‘o, into)’
IMP Imperative mood
INE Inessive case (i‘n)’
INF Infinitive
LOG Logophoric pronoun
NOM Nominative case
NEG Negation element (verb/particle)
NMLZ Nominalizing suffix
PASS Passive voice
PST Past tense
PCTP Participle
th
PERS Personal suffix (the so-called “4 person”) of the simple passive
PL Plural
PRS Present tense
PTV Partitive case
PX Possessive suffix
Q Question clitic
SG Singular
SUP Superlative suffix
TRA Translative case (i‘nto)’
1SG First person singular (likewise second and third)
1PL First person plural (likewise second and third)
PRO1SG First person singular pronoun (likewise second and third)
PRO1PL First person plural pronoun (likewise second and third)
Transcription symbols
. falling intonation at the end of an intonation unit
, level intonation at the end of an intonation unit
? raising intonation at the end of an intonation unit
↑ following word starts at a higher pitch
[ beginning of overlapped speech
] end of overlapped speech
(.) micropause
(0.4) pause (length indicated in tenths of a second)
>< (inwards pointing arrows) rapid speech
<> (outwards pointing arrows) slow speech
AHA (capital letters) loud volume
.hhh inbreath
he he laughter
£ £ word or longer utterance produced with a smiley voice
si- truncated word
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In 2001, Professors Tuomas Huumo (University of Turku) and Lea
Laitinen (University of Helsinki) joined their efforts and started to collaborate
on a project called “Grammar and the Human Conceptualizer,” which aimed to
study how grammar reflects the viewpoints of the language users — that is, the
human conceptualizers. We wish to express our gratitude to the Academy of
Finland for supporting this project, which made possible the several workshops
where the authors of papers in this volume were able to meet and discuss the
contents of their papers. The Academys’ support made possible the visits and
participation of Ronald Langacker, Ritva Laury, and Lyle Campbell. In
addition, Lyle Campbell's visit to the University of Turku was supported by
funding from the University of Turku.
We thank Ronald Langacker for his participation and support throughout
the project and the publication of this volume. We also thank the anonymous
reviewers of this volume, and Konrad Koerner for editorial advice. We are
grateful to Anke de Looper of John Benjamins Publishing Company for her
help in editing the papers.