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CAMBRIDGE + pc CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH Language Assessment UNIVERSITY PRESS(cid:9) Part of the University of Cambridge Cambridge English Grammar,. Vocabulary mRADVANCED MARTIN HEWINGS (cid:9) with answers SIMON HAINES Downloadable Audio and Online resources Go to www.cambridge.org/grammarvocabadvanced to download complete audio for the book to your computer or device, and access additional resources, CAMBRIDGE CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH Language Assessment UNIVERSITY PRESS Part of the Umverstty of Cambridge Cambridge English Grammar. Vocabulary mRADVANCED with answers MARTIN HEWINGS SIMON HAINES Cambridge University Press vnvw.cambridge.orgielt Cambridge English Language Assessment wwwcambridgeenglish.org Information on this title www.cambrkigeorg/97131107481114 @ Cambridge University Press 2015 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2015 Printed in Dubai by Oriental Press A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-107481114 Book with answers with Audio Additional resources for this publication at www.cambridge.org/grammarvocabadvanced The publishes have no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and do not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel timetables, and other factual information given in this work is correct at the time of first printing but the publishers do not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter. Acknowledgements II Simon and Martin would like to thank the following people With permission from Professor Mitch Smooke; p. 210: Anup at Cambridge University Press for all their assistance and Shah for the adapted extract from 'Millions Die Each Year, encouragement at various stages of the project: Charlotte Needlessly' by Anup Shah, Global Issues. With permission from Adams, Aldona Gawlinski, Sharon McCann, Ann-Marie Anup Shah, Global Issues www.gobalissuesorg/article/588/ Murphy, Lorraine Poulter and Chloe Szebrat, as well as the global-health-overview, globalissues.org p. 226: wwvcindianchild. editors Ruth Cox and Nik White. tom for the adapted extract from 'The role of grandparents in children's upbringing' by M. Hemdev IndianChild.com. 0 www. Martin would also like to thank Ann for her constant support. indianchild.com; p.235: Thomas Baekdal for the adapted extract The authors and publishers acknowledge the following from 'Where is everyone?' by Thomas Baekdal, www.baekdal. sources of copyright material and are grateful for the corn 27/04/2009. http://www.baekdalcom/media/market-of- permissions panted. While every effort has been made, it information; p. 244: Extract adapted from 'Low holiday spending has not always been possible to identify the sources of all due to economic worries' by Martha C. White, www.dailyfinance the material used, or to trace all copyright holders. If any corn 05/11/2009; p.245: newbusiness.co.uk for the adapted omissions are brought to our notice, we will be happy to extract from 'How to grow your start up' www.newbusiness. include the appropriate acknowledgements on reprinting. co.uk 17/08/2010. Copyright 2000 - 2013 newbusinessoo.uk All rights reserved; p.261: Engineering and Technology for the p. 78: Guardian News and Media Ltd for the adapted extract 'My adapted extract 'Batteries are putting the brakes on electric car life as a human speed bump' by George Monbiot, The Guardian take-up' The Guardian 14/06/2010,0 Institution of Engineering 23/10/2006. Copyright 0 Guardian News & Media Ltd 2006; p. and Technology. 91: Telegraph Media Group Limited for the adapted extract from Gadgets to make your home energy efficient' Comment, The The authors and publishers acknowledge the following Telegraph 14/04/2007. ID Telegraph Media Group Limited 2007; sources of copyright material and are grateful for the pp. 132-133: Telegraph Media Group Limited for the extract permissions granted. While every effort has been made, it from 'Alexander McCall Smith: Terrible Orchestra? by Alexander has not always been possible to identify the sources of all McCall Smith, The Telegraph 01/11/2007. Telegraph Media the material used, or to trace all copyright holders. If any Group Limited 2007; p. 160: Nick Rennison for the extracts omissions are brought to our notice, we will be happy to from 'Waterstone's Guide to Popular Science Books edited include the appropriate acknowledgements on reprinting. by Nick Rennison. The extracts from Waterstone's Guide to Key: T = Top, M= Middle, 13 = Below, L = Left, R = Right, Popular Science appear with the permission of the editor, Nick B/G = Background Rennison. Published by Waterstone's Booksellers Ltd, Capital Court, Capital Interchange Way, Brentford, Middlesex TW8 p.10 (TL): Getty Images/ID Dragonlmages; p.10 (TM): Alamy/0 OEX (ISBN: 1-902603-20-60): pp. 182-183: Telegraph Media DBURKE; p.10 (TR): Getty Images/ID Minerva Studio; p.25 Group Limited for the extract adapted from 'Rome ancient (L): Alamy/0 Greg Balfour Evans; p. 25 (R): Shutterstockfie life in a modern city' by Professor Mary Beard, The Telegraph CBCK; p.39: Getty Images/0 /GI/Jamie Grill; p.54 (a): Corbis/0 20/04/2012.0 Telegraph Media Group Limited 2012; p.186: Maurizio Rellini/SOPA RF/SOPA; p.54 (b): Superstock/0 Axiom Ed Victor Ltd Literary Agency for the extract adapted from Phtotographic/Design Pies; p. 54 (c): Getty Images/Kr Amulf 'Speaking for Myself' by Joan Bakewell, The Author, Winter 2003; Husmo; p. 66: Getty Images/0 Fuse p.72: ShutterstockAD p. 190: PlayShakespeare.com for the extract adapted from 'Law Gargonia; p.80 (a): Alamy/0 Andrzej Tokarski; p. 80 (b): Sam Dares to be a great Hamlet' by Denise Battista, Playshakespeare Hallas; p.80 (c): Alamy/0 ClassicStock; p. 80 (d): Alamy/e corn October 2009 http://www.playshakespeare.com/ hamlet/ The Print Collector; p. 80 (e): Corbis/0 DX Limited; p. 100 (a): theatre-reviews/3881-law-dares-to-be-a-great-hamlet Alamy/ID RIA Novosti; p. 100(b): FLPA/0 Bemd Rohrschneider; 2014 PlayShakespeare.com. Used with permission. All rights p.100 (c): AlarnyfiD Adrian Sherratt; p.119: Alamy/4" Alvey & reserved; p.192: Peter Stalker for the adapted extract from Towers Picture Library,. p. 154(L): Rex Features/0 KeystoneUSA- 'Types of Migrant (Stalkers' Guide to International Migration)' ZUMA; p. 154 (R): Alamy/0 Hemis; p.179: Shutterstockfib by Peter Stalker. With permission from Peter Stalker; p.198: donsimon; p. 186: Rex Features/0 David Hartley; p. 193 (BL): Text adapted from 'Five steps to risk assessment' Health and Corbis/0 Jose Fuste Raga; p.193 (BR): Alamy/0 Ange; p.202: Rex Safety Executive website www.hse.gov.uk/risk/fivesteps.htm, Features/0 Afle p.214: Getty Images/0 Jordan Siemens; p.231: licensed under the Open Government Licence pp. 199-200: Getty Images/0 Yuri Arcurs; p. 248: Getty Images/0 Miroslaw Telegraph Media Group Limited for the adapted extract from Kijewski; p. 260: Alamy/0 motorlife. 'Should cyclists be forced to wear helmets? by Matthew Sparkes, The Telegraph 02/08/2013.0 Telegraph Media Group Illustrations: Clive Goodyer Typeset by Blooberry Design Ltd Limited 2013; p. 205: Montessori for the adapted extract from 'What is Montessori; www.montessortorg @All Rights Reserved Text permissions clearance by Sarah Deakin Picture research by Kevin Brown Montessori St Nicholas; p.207: Professor Mitch Smooke for Audio produced by Leon Chambers and recorded at the adapted extract from 'Mechanical Engineering' by Mitchell D. Smooke, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science. dSound. London 3 II Contents Introduction Exam summary 6 Map of the book 8 GRAMMAR SECTION VOCABULARY SECTION Unit 1(cid:9) Tenses 10 Unit 26 Cities 179 Unit 2(cid:9) The future 17 Unit 27 Personal history 184 Unit 3(cid:9) Modals (1) 25 Unit 28 The arts 188 Unit 4(cid:9) Modals (2) 32 Unit 29 Migrations 192 Unit 5(cid:9) Nouns, agreement and Unit 30 Risking it 196 articles 39 Unit 31 Gender issues 201 Unit 6(cid:9) Determiners and quantifiers 47 Unit 32 Education 205 Unit 7(cid:9) Adverbs and adjectives 54 Unit 33 Health 210 Unit 8(cid:9) Comparison 60 Unit 34 Getting about 214 Unit 9(cid:9) Verb patterns (1) 66 Unit 35 Moods 218 Unit 10 Verb patterns (2) 72 Unit 36 Fame and fortune 222 Unit 11 Relative clauses (1) 80 Unit 37 Relationships 226 Unit 12 Relative clauses (2) 87 Unit 38 'lime off 230 Unit 13 Adverbial clauses 94 Unit 39 Media 235 Unit 14 Conditionals 100 Unit 40 The world of work 239 Unit 15(cid:9) Participle, to-infinitive and Unit 41 Economics and business 243 reduced clauses 107 Unit 42 The living world 247 Unit 16 Noun clauses 113 Unit 43 Personal contact 251 Unit 17 Conjunctions and connectors 119 Unit 44 The environment 255 Unit 18 The passive 126 Unit 45 Science and technology 259 Unit 19 Reporting 134 Answer key 263 Unit 20 Substitution and ellipsis 140 Unit 21 Word order and emphasis 148 Unit 22 Nominalisation 154 Unit 23(cid:9) It and there 161 Unit 24 Complex prepositions and prepositions after verbs 168 Unit 25(cid:9) Prepositions after nouns and adjectives 174 Introduction II What does the book contain? Each unit of the book includes an Exam practice section This book is updated for the new Cambridge English: which provides practice of the types of tasks you will face Advanced examination introduced in 2015 and contains in the Reading and Use of English, Writing and Listening two sections: Grammar (Units 1-25) and Vocabulary sections of the Cambridge English: Advanced examination. Note Some of the Exam practice tasks test mainly the (Units 26-45). grammar or vocabulary taught in the same unit, to give What does the book aim to do? extra practice. However, in the real exam each question This book aims to provide complete coverage of the tests a different grammar/vocabulary point or a different grammar and vocabulary needed for success in the aspect of language. Cambridge English: Advanced, also known as the Certificate The Answer key contains answers to all the exercises in in Advanced English (CAE). Regular exam practice is the book, including alternative answers where more than provided throughout the book. one correct answer is possible. Units 1-25 present grammar in context followed by a What does this s mbol mean? detailed analysis of the language for advanced learners of English. Units 26-45 extend vocabulary knowledge - This symbol appears in the Error warning boxes of the including of collocations and idioms - and introduce ways Vocabulary section and indicates that the errors were of studying vocabulary which will help you pass the exam. found in the Cambridge Learner Corpus, a database made up of many thousands of exam scripts written by students Who is the book aimed at? taking Cambridge English exams around the world. The This book is for anyone preparing for success in the exam practice tasks have been informed by the English Cambridge English: Advanced. It is designed primarily for Vocabulary Profile. The English Vocabulary Profile is an students working alone who want to revise, extend and online resource with detailed and up-to-date information practise their knowledge and understanding of grammar about the words, phrases, phrasal verbs and idioms and vocabulary, but it can also be used on a Cambridge that learners of English know at each of the six levels of English: Advanced preparation course in the classroom, or the Common European Framework (Al to C2), which can be set as homework by a teacher. guarantees suitable treatment of words, phrases and phrasal verbs at Cl level. How do I use the book? When should I use a dictiona ? L You can work through the units in any order, but we advise you to study every unit if you want to prepare To get the most out of the Vocabulary section, you will thoroughly for the exam. It is best to work through a unit need a good dictionary. Use the Cambridge Advanced from beginning to end, as exercises may revise grammar Learner's Dictionary or another suitable monolingual or vocabulary from an earlier part of the same unit. dictionary. You should try to do each vocabulary exercise without a dictionary first, then use your dictionary to help Each of the 25 units in the Grammar section is divided you with answers you didn't know. Use the Answer key as into three sections. Context listening introduces the a final check. When you see the dictionary symbol, you are grammar of the unit in context to help you understand it advised to use a dictionary to complete the exercise. I more easily. Grammar provides detailed explanations of specific grammar points and includes Start points which What material can I find online? act as a brief reminder of grammar you may already know. The following material for use with this book can be found Grammar exercises provide practice of the grammar of online at www.cambridge.org/grammarvocabadvanced: each unit. Audio recordings for all listening exercises and for Each of the 20 units in the Vocabulary section is bawd on exam practice Listening tasks a general topic (e.g. Cities) and presents general exercises Complete Recording scripts for each audio file on vocabulary for two areas within the main unit topic Reference notes which give further information and (e.g. Urban growth and Urban living). support on the grammar and vocabulary in this book Wordlists for key items in the Vocabulary section Model answers to the Exam practice Writing tasks Parts 1 and 2 5 Exam summary II WigIllijill Willi Reading and Use of English (1 hour 30 minutes) • 1 11111tilhildr Part What are the tasks? What do I have to do? How many questions? You read a text with eight gaps. For each gap you choose the Multiple-choice doze 8 correct word from one of four possible answers (A, B, C or D). You read a text with eight gaps. You must write one word in each 2 Open doze 8 881). You read a text with eight gaps. For each gap you write the 3 Word formation 8 correct form of the word at the end of each line. You are given a complete sentence and a second gapped Key word sentence. You complete the second sentence so that it has the 6 transformation same meaning using a given 'key word. You read a text and answer six multiple-choice questions. 5 Multiple choice 6 You choose from four possible answers (A, 8, C or D). Cross-text multiple You read four short texts on the same topic. You have to match 4 matching each question to the correct text. You read a text from which paragraphs have been removed and put in a jumbled order. You have to choose which paragraph fits 7 Gapped text 6 into which space. There is a paragraph which does not fit into any space. You scan a text or several short texts and decide which part of a 8 Multiple matching text or text each question refers to. Some questions may refer to 10 more than one part of a text or text, rip* woo: Writing (1 hour 30 minutes) • POIIIL IIIIIIILII Part What are the tasks? What do I have to do? How many questions? You plan and write an essay on the topic given in the question 1 Write an essay 1 paper. Your essay must be 220-260 words. You choose, plan and write only one of the following possible text Write a text of a types: a letter, a proposal, a report or a review. Your text must be 1 from a 2 particular type relevant to the situation described in the question. Your text must choice of 3 be 220-260 words. rilkiii(cid:9) /1141 U7 Listening (40 minutes) 1 0101.4 Part What are the tasks? What do I have to do? How many questions? 1 You hear three short extracts and have to answer two multiple- 1 Multiple choice choice questions on each extract. For each question you choose 6 one of three possible answers (A, B or C). 2 Sentence completion You use information you hear to complete sentences with gaps. 8 You hear a recording with six multiple-choice questions. For each 3 Multiple choice 6 question you choose one of four possible answers (A, EI, C or D). You hear five short themed monologues with multiple-matching 4 Multiple matching questions. You match a statement or opinion from a list of six 10 options for each speaker. Speaking (15 minutes) 1*1t Part What an the tasks? What do I have to do? How long is each part? I You answer questions about general topics such as your daily life, 1 General conversation 2 minutes your interests or your experiences. You talk about a set of three pictures on your own for around a 2 Individual long turn minute. Then you listen to your partner talk about a different set 4 minutes of pictures before commenting on what they have said. You and your partner are given some written instructions for a 3 Discussion 4 minutes discussion task 4 Discussion You and your partner discuss topics related to the task in Part 3. 5 minutes 7 Map of the book GRAMMAR 10.4111 111 Unit Title Topics Exam practice 1 Tenses Simple and continuous tenses; perfect tenses; present perfect continuous and Reading and Use past perfect continuous of English Part 2 Will, be going to + infinitive, shall; present tenses for the future; future 2 The future continuous, future perfect and future perfect continuous; be to + infinitive; Reading and Use of English Part 8 future in the past Ability; possibility; conclusions, willingness, habitual events; necessity. 3 Modals (1) Listening Part 1 deduction; 'not necessary'; obligation 4 Modals (2) Complex modal forms; dare and need; had better; be allowed to; be supposed to; Reading and Use other verbs with modal meanings of English Part 4 5 Nouns, agreement Compound nouns and noun phrases; subject—verb agreement; countable and Reading and Use and articles uncountable nouns; articles of English Parr 2 Determiners and No, none, flora, not any; much, many, a lot of, lots of; all, both, whole; every, each; istening Part 2 quantifiers (a/the) few, little; less, fewer (than); much, many, etc. t (of) 7 Adverbs and Position of adverbs; quite, rather, already, yet, still, even, only, malls position of Reading and Use adjectives adjectives; gradable adjectives; patterns after adjectives of English Part 3 8 Comparison Comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs; comparisons with Reading and Use as ...; comparisons with so ..., too ..., enough of English Part 3 9 Verb patterns (1) Verbs with two objects; verb + object + adjective; verb + reflexive pronoun; verb Reading and Use + each other/one another of English Part 4 10 Verb patterns (2) Verb + to-infinitive / -ing, verb + (object) + bare infinitive; verb + object + to- Reading and Use infinitive / -ing verb + object / possessive + -ing other patterns after verbs of English Part S 11 Relative clauses (1) Defining and non-defining relative clauses; relative pronouns; other words Reading and Use beginning relative clauses; prepositions in relative clauses of English Part 1 12 Relative clauses (2) Participle clauses; to-infinitive clauses; adjective phrases; prepositional phrases oR ef a d in g a npda rUt sse English Adverbial clauses including time clauses, contrast and concession clauses, reason Reading and Use 13 Adverbial clauses clauses, purpose and result clauses of English Part 2 14 Conditionals Real and unreal conditionals; if ... not and unless; even(cid:9) and even though; if only Listening Part 4 and wish; other conditional expressions Participle, to- Participle clauses including present participle (-ing) clauses, past participle 15 infinitive and (-ed) clauses, participle clauses after conjunctions and prepositions, to-infinitive Reading and Use reduced clauses clauses, reduced clauses of English Part 3 16 Noun clauses That-noun clauses; wh-noun clauses; whether and] Reading and Use of English Part 1 17 Conjunctions and Before, hardly, first (1y), however, even so, on the other hand, etc. Reading and Use connectors of English Part 6 18 The passive Using the passive; active and passive verb forms; passive forms of verbs with two Reading and Use objects; get + past participle; get/have + object + past participle of English Part 7 19 Reporting Structures in the reported clause that-clause, to-infinitive and -ing verb tenses in L.i(cid:9) sten.i ng Part 4 reporting modal verbs in reporting reporting questions; should in that- clauses 20 Selulibpsstisit ution and oOunte w/oonredss; saof t+er aauuxxiilliiaarryy vveerrbb +s asnudb jaefctte;r n teoi ther, nor, not.., either; do so; leaving Listening Part 3 21 Word order and Fronting cleft sentences; inversion; inversion in conditional sentences Reading and Use emphasis of English Part 4 22 Nominalisation Nominalised forms; do, give, have, make, take + noun Reading and Use of English Part 8 23 It and there Introductory it as subject and object; there; common expressions with it's no ... Reading and Use and there's no ... of English Part 4 8