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Governing Privacy in Knowledge Commons EDITED BY MADELYN ROSE SANFILIPPO BRETT M. FRISCHMANN KATHERINE J. STRANDBURG use, available at . governing privacy in knowledge commons Governing Privacy in Knowledge Commons explores how privacy impacts knowledge production, community formation, and collaborative governance in diverse contexts, rangingfromacademiaandIoT,tosocialmediaandmentalhealth.Usingninenewcase studies and a meta-analysis of previous knowledge commons literature, the book inte- grates the Governing Knowledge Commons framework with Helen Nissenbaum’s ContextualIntegrityframework.Themultidisciplinarycasestudiesshowthatpersonal information is often a key component of the resources created by knowledge commons.Moreover,evenwhenitisnotthefocusofthecommons,personalinforma- tiongovernancemayrequirecommunityparticipationandboundaries.Takentogether, the chapters illustrate the importance of exit and voice in constructing and sustaining knowledge commons through appropriate personal information flows. They also shed lightontheshortcomingsofcurrentnotice-and-consentstyleregulationofsocialmedia platforms.ThistitleisalsoavailableasOpenAccessonCambridgeCore. Madelyn Rose Sanfilippo is Assistant Professor at the School of Information Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. She studies sociotechnical governance, broadly exploring privacy, inequality, and political consequences of information tech- nology.Sheistheco-authorofthreepreviousbooks:OnlineTrollingandItsPerpetrators: UndertheCyberbridge(2016);SocialInformaticsEvolving(2015);andMulticulturalism andInformationandCommunicationTechnology(2013). Brett M. Frischmann is the Charles Widger Endowed University Professor in Law, BusinessandEconomics,atVillanovaUniversity.Heisalsoanaffiliatedscholarofthe CenterforInternetandSocietyatStanfordLawSchoolandatrusteefortheNexaCenter forInternetandSociety,PolitecnicodiTorino.Specializinginintellectualpropertyand Internetlaw,heistheco-authorofRe-EngineeringHumanitywithEvanSelinger(2018). He has also published foundational books on the relationships among infrastructural resources, governance, commons, and spillovers, including Governing Medical Knowledge Commons, with Michael Madison and Katherine Strandburg (2017); Governing Knowledge Commons, with Michael Madison and Katherine Strandburg (2014);andInfrastructure:TheSocialValueofSharedResources(2012). KatherineJ.StrandburgistheAlbertEngelbergProfessorofLawatNewYorkUniversity SchoolofLaw.ShedirectsNYU’sInformationLawInstituteandinterdisciplinaryPrivacy ResearchGroupandisafacultydirectoroftheEngelbergCenteronInnovationLawand Policy.Professor Strandburgco-developedthe GoverningKnowledgeCommons frame- workandresearchesinformationprivacy,automateddecision-making,patents,andinnov- ation policy. Before obtaining her JD, she was a computational physicist at Argonne NationalLaboratory. CAMBRIDGESTUDIESONGOVERNINGKNOWLEDGECOMMONS The mission of the series is to provide an authoritative space for high quality scholarship on the governance of knowledge commons. Following the path pioneered by Elinor Ostrom, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economics for her workoninstitutionalanalysisofcommonsregimesinthenaturalenvironment,and the editors’ work in Governing Knowledge Commons, this series uses a similar frameworktosystematicallystudyknowledgecommonsinvarioussectors.Readers seeking more information on knowledge commons and this series can visit http:// knowledge-commons.net,arepositoryforscholarshipproducedbyaninternational, interdisciplinarygroupofknowledgecommonsresearchers. SeriesEditors KatherineJ.Strandburg BrettM.Frischmann MichaelJ.Madison OtherBooksintheSeries KatherineJ.Strandburg,BrettM.FrischmannandMichaelJ.Madison,GoverningMedical KnowledgeCommons Governing Privacy in Knowledge Commons Editedby MADELYN ROSE SANFILIPPO UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign BRETT M. FRISCHMANN VillanovaUniversitySchoolofLaw KATHERINE J. STRANDBURG NewYorkUniversitySchoolofLaw UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,NY10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australia 314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre, NewDelhi–110025,India 79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108485142 DOI:10.1017/9781108749978 ©CambridgeUniversityPress2021 Thisworkisincopyright.Itissubjecttostatutoryexceptions andtotheprovisionsofrelevantlicensingagreements; withtheexceptionoftheCreativeCommonsversionthelinkforwhichisprovided below,noreproductionofanypartofthisworkmaytakeplacewithoutthewrittenpermissionof CambridgeUniversityPress. Anonlineversionofthisworkispublishedatdoi.org/10.1017/9781108749978under aCreativeCommonsOpenAccesslicenseCC-BY-NC-ND4.0whichpermitsre-use, distributionandreproductioninanymediumfornon-commercialpurposesproviding appropriatecredittotheoriginalworkisgiven.Youmaynotdistributederivativeworks withoutpermission.Toviewacopyofthislicense,visithttps://creativecommons.org /licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 Allversionsofthisworkmaycontaincontentreproducedunderlicensefromthirdparties. Permissiontoreproducethisthird-partycontentmustbeobtainedfromthesethirdpartiesdirectly. Whencitingthiswork,pleaseincludeareferencetotheDOI10.1017/9781108749978 Firstpublished2021 AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData NAMES:Sanfilippo,MadelynR.,author.|Frischmann,BrettM.,author.|Strandburg,KatherineJo, 1957–author. TITLE:Governingprivacyinknowledgecommons/MadelynR.Sanfilippo,UniversityofIllinois, Urbana-Champaign;BrettM.Frischmann,VillanovaUniversitySchoolofLaw&KatherineJ.Strandburg, NewYorkUniversitySchoolofLaw. DESCRIPTION:Cambridge,UnitedKingdom;NewYork,NY:CambridgeUniversityPress,2021.| Series:Cambridgestudiesongoverningknowledgecommons|Includesbibliographicalreferences. IDENTIFIERS:LCCN2020046714(print)|LCCN2020046715(ebook)|ISBN9781108485142(hardback)| ISBN9781108749978(ebook) SUBJECTS:LCSH:Privacy,Rightof.|Secrecy–Lawandlegislation.|Dataprotection–Lawandlegislation.| Informationnetworks–Lawandlegislation.|Informationcommons.|Knowledgemanagement. CLASSIFICATION:LCCK3263.S252021(print)|LCCK3263(ebook)|DDC342.08/58–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2020046714 LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2020046715 ISBN978-1-108-48514-2Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. Contents ListofFigures pagevii ListofTables viii ListofContributors ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction MadelynRoseSanfilippo,BrettM.Frischmann,andKatherineJ. 1 Strandburg 1 PrivacyandKnowledgeCommons MadelynRoseSanfilippo,BrettM.Frischmann,andKatherineJ. 5 Strandburg part i personal information as a knowledge commons resource 51 2 HowPrivateIndividualsMaintainPrivacyandGovern TheirOwnHealthDataCooperative:MIDATAinSwitzerland 53 FelixGilleandEffyVayena 3 PoolingMentalHealthDatawithChatbots 70 MichaelMattioli 4 PrivacyinPractice:ASocio-technicalIntegration Research(STIR)StudyofRules-in-UsewithinInstitutional Research 98 KyleM.L.JonesandChaseMcCoy 5 PublicFacebookGroupsforPoliticalActivism 121 MadelynRoseSanfilippoandKatherineJ.Strandburg v vi Contents part ii privacy as governance of participation and boundaries 149 6 TheRepublicofLettersandtheOriginsofScientificKnowledge Commons 151 MichaelJ.Madison 7 PrivacyandKnowledgeProductionAcrossContexts 185 BrettM.Frischmann,KatherineHaenschen,andAriEzraWaldman part iii bringing information subjects into commons governance 201 8 GoverningtheInternetofEverything 203 ScottJ.Shackelford 9 ContextualIntegrityasaGaugeforGoverningKnowledgeCommons 220 YanShvartzshnaider,MadelynRoseSanfilippo,andNoahApthorpe 10 DesigningforthePrivacyCommons 245 DarakhshanJ.Mir Conclusion 268 Figures 1.1 TheGKCframework page10 2.1 SimplifiedoverviewoftheMIDATAcooperative 57 8.1 TheInstitutionalAnalysisandDevelopment(IAD)framework 206 8.2 TheGoverningKnowledgeCommons(GKC)framework 206 8.3 Cyberregimecomplexmap(Nye,2014,8) 216 9.1 Examplebaselineinformationflowquestion 224 9.2 Examplequestionwithvaryingconditionparameters 225 9.3 WhererespondentslearnabouttheprivacyimplicationsofIoTdevices 229 9.4 Averageperceptionsofinformationflowsbyparameter 232 9.5 Theimpactofspecificparametersinchangingrespondent perceptionsofinformationflows 233 9.6 Useractionsinresponsetothird-partysharingscenarios 234 vii Tables 1.1 ArevisedGKCframework page11 1.2 InstitutionalgrammarappliedfromCrawfordandOstrom 18 1.3 PrivacytaxonomyasappliedfromSolove 19 1.4 Examplesofprivacycommonswithinempiricalcasestudies ofknowledgecommons 20 1.5 Illustrativegovernancefeaturesofpattern1,public-drivencommons 31 1.6 Illustrativegovernancefeaturesofpattern2,member-drivencommons 37 1.7 Illustrativegovernancefeaturesofpattern3,imposedcommons 41 5.1 Attendanceversusexpectations 127 8.1 Typesofrules 210 9.1 ConceptualoverlapbetweenCIandInstitutionalGrammar(GKC) parameters 221 9.2 SurveyscenarioswithcorrespondingaspectsoftheGKCframework 223 9.3 SmarthomeGKC-CIparametersselectedforinformationflowsurvey questions 224 9.4 Averageperceptionsofinformationflowappropriatenessgaugedby respondentsubpopulations 237 11.1 Voice-shapedcommonsbreakdown 271 11.2 Exit-shapedcommonsbreakdown 274 11.3 Imposedcommonsgovernance 280 11.4 UpdatedGKCframework 287 viii