Governing Failure: Provisional Expertise and the Transformation of Global Development Finance PDF
Preview Governing Failure: Provisional Expertise and the Transformation of Global Development Finance
Governing Failure Jacqueline Best argues that the changes in International Monetary Fund,WorldBankanddonorpoliciesinthe1990s,towardswhatsome have called the ‘Post-Washington Consensus,’ were driven by an ero- sion of expert authority and an increasing preoccupation with policy failure. Failures such as the Asian financial crisis and the decades of despairinsub-SaharanAfricaledtheseinstitutionstodevelopgovern- ance strategies designed to avoid failure: fostering country ownership, developing global standards, managing risk and vulnerability, and measuring results. In contrast to the structural adjustment era when policymakers were confident that they had all the answers, the author arguesthatwearenowinaneraofprovisionalgovernance,inwhichkey actorsareawareofthepossibilityoffailureevenastheyseektoinoculate themselvesagainstit.Thisbookconsiderstheimplicationsofthisshift, askingifitisapositivechangeandwhetheritissustainable. jacqueline best isanAssociateProfessorintheSchoolofPolitical Studies at the University of Ottawa. Her work focuses on the social, cultural and political underpinnings of the global economic system, which she studies by examining how organizations such as the Inter- nationalMonetaryFundandtheWorldBankworktogoverntheglobal economy. Governing Failure Provisional Expertise and the Transformation of Global Development Finance Jacqueline Best UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress, NewYork CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learningandresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107035041 ©JacquelineBest2014 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2014 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyClays,StIvesplc AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata Best,Jacqueline,1970– Governingfailure:provisionalexpertiseandthetransformationofglobal developmentfinance/JacquelineBest. pagescm Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-107-03504-1(Hardback) 1. Economicdevelopment–Finance. 2. Economicassistance. 3. Development banks. 4. Nongovernmentalorganizations. 5. Corporategovernance. I. Title. HD75.B49652014 332.1’53–dc23 2013028563 ISBN978-1-107-03504-1Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication, anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. Contents List of figures page vi Acknowledgements vii List of abbreviations ix Part I Understanding how globalgovernance works 1 1 Introduction 3 2 Ameso-levelanalysis 20 Part II History 43 3 What camebefore 45 4 Transformations 66 Part III New governance strategies 89 5 Fostering ownership 91 6 Developing global standards 115 7 Managing risk and vulnerability 139 8 Measuring results 164 Part IV Conclusion 187 9 The politics offailure and the future ofprovisional governance 189 Endnotes 209 List of peopleinterviewed 263 Index 266 v Figures 8.1 The LOGFRAME page 170 8.2 CIDA’s results chain 173 vi Acknowledgements In the almost seven years that I have been working on this book in one form or another, I have collected a number of debts to colleagues, research assistants and friends. I would like to start by thanking those colleagues who generously commented on one or more chapters of the final manuscript, including Michael Orsini, Paul Langley, Michael Best, Tony Porter, André BroomeandWilliamWalters.Anumberofothershavecommentedover the years on earlier versions of these chapters, including Mat Paterson, Alexandra Gheciu, Iver Neumann, Lindsey McGoey, Stefano Guzzini, Arne Rückert, Ole Jacob Sending, Len Seabrooke, Rob Aitken, David Black,RodneyBruceHall,KateWeaver,MarkBlyth,CharlotteEpstein, Eric Helleiner, Bessma Momani, Randall Germain and Susan Park. Earlierversionsofseveralchapterswerepresentedatanumberofwork- shops,conferencesandtalks.Manyofthesetalksprovidedcrucialfeedback on the central theoretical and methodological arguments of this volume. I was particularly inspired by the discussions during workshops at the CopenhagenBusinessSchoolon“TheBusinessofInternationalOrganiza- tions,”andattheEuropeanConsortiumforPoliticalResearchon“Diffusion ofAuthority,”togetherwithtalksattheUniversityofQueensland,theUni- versityofOxford,theNorwegianInstituteofInternationalAffairs,theNorth- SouthInstitute,theUniversityofWarwickandtheUniversityofSydney. IamfortunatetobeworkinginanenvironmentwhereIamsurrounded by some excellent minds. Many of the ideas in this book are inspired by conversations with friends and colleagues at the University of Ottawa andCarletonUniversity,includingKevinMcMillan,DalieGiroux,Stephen Brown, Nisha Shah, Paul Saurette, Susan Spronk, Patrick Leblond, Laura Macdonald, Hélène Pellerin, Kathryn Trevenen and Marie-Josée Massicotte.IamalsoindebtedtotheparticipantsoftheInternationalPolit- icalEconomyNetworkseminarattheUniversityofOttawawhereIwasable topresentanoverviewoftheprojecttowardstheendofthewritingprocess. I benefitted from some excellent research and editorial assistance in producingthisvolume.IwouldparticularlyliketothankMarieLangevin vii viii Acknowledgements andKaileyCannonfortheirsuperbresearchandeditorialskills,without which this book would not have been possible. Phillipe Roseberry, Robert MacNeil, Maxime Ouellet and Dan Furukawa Marques also helped enormously through their researchassistance. The research for this book was supported financially by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, together with theFacultyofSocialSciencesattheUniversityofOttawa.Ialsobenefit- ted from research leave spent at the University of Oxford – where I enjoyed support from the Global Economic Governance Centre, the DepartmentofInternationalDevelopmentandtheInstituteforScience, Innovation and Technology – and at the University of Queensland’s School of Political Science and International Studies. I would like to thank Ngaire Woods, Rodney Bruce-Hall, Steve Woolgar and Roland Bleiker for making me welcome at these institutions. I was also fortunate in being able to benefit from access to several archival collections in researching this book, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Archives, the World Bank Archives and the British National Archives. Premela Isaac and Jean Marcoyeux at the IMF Archives and Sherinne Thompson at the World Bank Archives provided invaluable assistance. Parts of Chapter 5, “Fostering ownership,” appeared in Third World Quarterly, 28 (3), 2007, and parts of Chapter 7, “Managing risk and vulnerability,”appearedinThirdWorldQuarterly,34(2),2013.Bothare reproduced here with the permission of Taylor and Francis, www.tand- fonline.com. Figure 8.1, “The LOGFRAME,” is reproduced from a report pre- pared for the United States Agency for International Development (USAID): Project Analysis and Monitoring Company. 1980. “The Logical Framework.” Prepared for the United States Agency for Inter- national Development, Document # PN-AAR-443. Washington, DC. The report is available through the USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse: http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNAAR443.pdf. Figure8.2,“CIDAresultschain,”isreproducedfromaGovernmentof Canada official document: CIDA. 2008. “Results-based Management – 2008 Policy Statement: Amended Terms and Definitions.” Gatineau: Canadian International Development Agency. Available from www.acdi- cida.gc.ca/acdi-cida/acdi-cida.nsf/eng/ANN-102094249-J4B. The repro- ductionhasnotbeenproducedinaffiliationwith,orwiththeendorsement of,theGovernmentofCanada. Finally,Iwouldliketothankmyhusbandandpartner,PaulTyler,for hissupportandencouragementoverthepastyearsasInavigatedtheups and downsof the research and writing process.
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