Governance in turbulent times PDF
Preview Governance in turbulent times
Governance in Turbulent Times Governance in Turbulent Times Edited by Christopher Ansell, Jarle Trondal, and Morten Øgård 1 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,OX26DP, UnitedKingdom OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwide.Oxfordisaregisteredtrademarkof OxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountries ©OxfordUniversityPress2017 Themoralrightsoftheauthorshavebeenasserted FirstEditionpublishedin2017 Impression:1 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthe priorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermitted bylaw,bylicenceorundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographics rightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeofthe aboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,atthe addressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherform andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyOxfordUniversityPress 198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016,UnitedStatesofAmerica BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016942488 ISBN 978–0–19–873951–7 PrintedinGreatBritainby ClaysLtd,StIvesplc LinkstothirdpartywebsitesareprovidedbyOxfordingoodfaithand forinformationonly.Oxforddisclaimsanyresponsibilityforthematerials containedinanythirdpartywebsitereferencedinthiswork. Foreword What are the conditions for political development and decay and for sus- tained political order? Whatare the limitsof established ruleas weknow it? How much stress can systems absorb before theyreach some kind of limit? How do governments tackle enduring ambiguity and uncertainty in their systems and environments? How can they deal effectively with complex governance problems? These are some of the big questions of our time. This volume may be read as a stress-test for well-known ways of governing in the twenty-first century, and explores how governments, organizations, and institutions respond to precipitous, conflicting, and novel—in short, turbulent—governancechallenges. Building on prior work in organization theory and political science, this volumearguesthatturbulencereferstosituationswheregovernanceorganiza- tionsandinstitutionsmustcopewith(andsometimescreate)highlyvariable, inconsistent, unexpected, and/or unpredictable political and managerial demands. Although turbulence is a chronic condition in many governance domains,ithasreceivedlimitedattentionfromthecontemporarygovernance literature. Thisvolume arguesthat turbulenttimes represent an underappre- ciatedopportunitytoexaminetheresilienceofwell-knowngovernancepatterns and government arrangements. Individual chapters offer insight into how politics, administrative scale and complexity, uncertainty, and time collide toproduceturbulenceinarangeofdifferentgovernancecontexts;theythen illuminate the structural and strategic features of organizations and institu- tionsthatenablethemtosustainablyadapttothisturbulence. Thisworkistheoutcomeofatwo-stageprocess.Thefirststageconsistedofa workshop organized by the Peder Sather Center for Advanced Studies, con- venedattheUniversityofCalifornia,BerkeleyinNovember2013.Thework- shop gathered PhD students and senior faculty to discuss governance and turbulence from a variety of disciplinary, theoretical, and empirical angles. We offer special thanks to those who made presentations at this seminar, includingJozefBàtora,MarkBevir,NeilFligstein,PaulPierson,WalterPowell, EmeryRoe,PaulSchulman,andMargaretWeir.Theeditorswouldalsoliketo acknowledge Trond Petersen’s critical investment of time and energy in organizingthisevent.Neithertheseminarnorthisvolumewouldhavebeen Foreword possible without Trond’s contribution. We are also indebted to Vesna Rodic for handling the workshop practicalities and for assisting in the preparation ofthetext. The second stage of this project consisted of preparing a book-length ver- sion of the key issues discussed at the workshop. The editors acknowledge financial support from two separate research grants from the Peder Sather Center for Advanced Studies, University of California, Berkeley. These grants made it possible to organize the workshop and produce the book. We are deeplyindebtedfortheadministrativesupportprovidedbytheCenterunder theacademicleadershipofProfessorTrondPetersenandtheexecutivedirect- orshipofRobertGleeson.FinancialsupporthasalsobeenprovidedbyARENA CentreforEuropeanStudies,UniversityofOsloundertheproject“EURODIV: Integrationanddivision:TowardsasegmentedEurope?”andbytheUniversity ofAgderundertheproject“COMPOL:TheRiseofCommonPoliticalOrder.” Last but not least, the editors would like to thank Dominic Byatt, Oxford University Press’s fantastic editorial team, anonymous reviewers for their importantcontributionsinpreparingthisvolume,aswellasvaluablefeedback from our colleagues. Jarle Trondal also extends a special note of thanks to Morten Egeberg for extensive discussions, sharing of ideas and research cooperationoverseveralyears.Finally,theeditorsacknowledgeMelindaHill forimprovingthelanguageofthevolume. Berkeley,Kristiansand,andOslo ChristopherAnsell,JarleTrondal,andMortenØgård vi Contents ListofFigures ix ListofTables x ListofContributors xi 1. TurbulentGovernance 1 ChristopherAnsell,JarleTrondal,andMortenØgård PartI: Turbulence:ConceptualLenses 2. AnOrganizational–InstitutionalApproachtoGovernance 27 ChristopherAnsell,DavidLevi-Faur,andJarleTrondal 3. OrganizedTurbulence 55 JarleTrondal 4. Turbulence,Adaptation,andChange 77 ChristopherAnsell PartII: FieldsofObservation 5. TacklingUnrulyPublicProblems 107 ChristopherAnsellandMartinBartenberger 6. TurbulentTimesforMinistriesofFinance 137 MartinaMcCowan 7. GovernanceinTurbulentAdministrativeSystems 159 JarleTrondal 8. TurbulenceandWar:PrivateMilitaryCorporationsand theReinstitutionalizationofWar-Making 181 JozefBátora 9. Problem-SolvingattheLocalLevelinTurbulentTimes 202 LindaHyeandMortenØgård Contents 10. TheImpactofFamilyPoliciesduringTurbulentTimes 223 TrondPetersen,AndrewPenner,andGeirHøgsnes 11. OntheFutureofHighReliabilityOrganizationsinan AgeofTurbulence 241 PaulR.Schulman 12. ManagingPolicyMesses 261 EmeryRoe PartIII: Conclusion 13. CopingwithTurbulence 285 ChristopherAnsellandJarleTrondal Index 303 viii List of Figures 1.1. Anorganizational–institutionalapproachtoturbulentgovernance 13 3.1. Anillustrationofturbulenceofscale 68 9.1. Complexityanddiversity 205 9.2. Sourcesofturbulenceforlocalmunicipalitiesasa decision-makingsystem 206 9.3. Threekindsofturbulenceandproblemsituations/ responsibilitiesofmiddlemanagers 208 10.1. Graphsbyyearformalemaritalpremium(populationlevel),female penalty(populationandoccupation-establishmentlevels),and motherhoodpenaltyfor3+children(populationand occupation-establishmentlevels) 234 11.1. Reliabilityspaceandprecursorzone 250 12.1. Messandreliabilityspaceofprofessionalactivities 265
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