Governance In The Information Era: Theory And Practice Of Policy Informatics PDF
Preview Governance In The Information Era: Theory And Practice Of Policy Informatics
GOVERNANCE IN THE INFORMATION ERA Policy informatics is addressing governance challenges and their consequences, which span the seeming inability of governments to solve complex problems and the disaffection of people from their governments. Policy informatics seeks approaches that enable our governance systems to address increasingly complex challenges and to meet the rising expectations of people to be full participants in their commu- nities. This book approaches these challenges by applying a combination of the latest American and European approaches in applying complex systems modeling, crowdsourcing, participatory platforms, and citizen science to explore complex gov- ernance challenges in domains that include education, environment, and health. The traditional norms of hierarchical governance, expert-driven decision-making, institutional control, and centralization have begun to fade as the costs of commu- nity engagement have declined, data have become increasingly available and acces- sible, and computational and analytical skills have increased dramatically. Further, stakeholders and publics are becoming more diverse, unequal, vocal, and polarized. Against this backdrop, the book explores how to enable public values to fl ourish by promoting new forms of effective governance and exploring the changes necessary in technology, processes, institutional capacity, and social norms to realize that future. Erik W. Johnston is the Director of the Center for Policy Informatics at Arizona State University and an Assistant Professor in the School of Public Affairs. He also holds joint or affi liated positions in Applied Mathematics for the Life and Social Sciences, the Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity, the School for Social Dynamics and Complexity, and the Decision Theater. This page intentionally left blank GOVERNANCE IN THE INFORMATION ERA Theory and Practice of Policy Informatics Edited by Erik W. Johnston First published 2015 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2015 Taylor & Francis The right of the editor to be identifi ed as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Governance in the information era : theory and practice of policy informatics / edited by Erik W. Johnston. pages cm 1. Public administration—Technological innovations. 2. Communication in politics—Technological innovations. 3. Electronic government information. I. Johnston, Erik W., 1977– editor of compilation. JF1525.A8.G685 2015 352.3'84—dc23 2014029227 ISBN: 978-1-138-83207-7 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-138-83208-4 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-73621-1 (ebk) Typeset in Bembo by Apex CoVantage, LLC To R. F. “Rick” Shangraw, Jr.—For his vision and support of policy informatics. This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS List of Figures, Tables, and Boxes xi Foreword xv Acknowledgments xvii PART I Introduction 1 1 Conceptualizing Policy Informatics 3 Erik W. Johnston PART II The Basics 23 2 The Value and Limits of Government Information Resources for Policy Informatics 25 Sharon S. Dawes and Natalie Helbig 3 Evidence for Policy Inquiry 45 Anand Desai and Kristin Harlow 4 Visualization Meets Policy Making: Visual Traditions, Policy Complexity, Strategic Investments 62 Evert Lindquist viii Contents PART III Analysis 83 5 The Endogenous Point of View in Policy Informatics 85 George P. Richardson 6 Model-Based Policy Design that Takes Implementation Seriously 101 David Wheat 7 Public-Private Partnerships: A Study of Risk Allocation Design Envelopes 119 David N. Ford, Ivan Damnjanovic, and Scott T. Johnson 8 Policy Informatics with Small System Dynamics Models: How Small Models Can Help the Public Policy Process 144 Navid Ghaffarzadegan, John Lyneis, and George P. Richardson 9 Quantitative Modeling of V iolent Group Behavior Using Open-Source Intelligence 161 Christopher Bronk and Derek Ruths 10 Making a Difference 174 Kimberly M. Thompson PART IV Administration 187 11 Governance Informatics: Using Computer Simulation Models to Deepen Situational Awareness and Governance Design Considerations 189 Christopher Koliba and Asim Zia 12 The Role of Informatics in Education Research and Policy 213 Nora H. Sabelli, William R. Penuel, and Britte H. Cheng 13 Policy Modeling of Large-Scale Social Systems: Lessons from the SKIN Model of Innovation 229 Petra Ahrweiler, Andreas Pyka, and Nigel Gilbert Contents ix 14 Lend Me Your Expertise: Citizen Sourcing Advice to Government 247 William H. Dutton PART V Governance Infrastructure 265 15 Synthetic Information Environments for Policy Informatics: A Distributed Cognition Perspective 267 Christopher Barrett, Stephen Eubank, Achla Marathe, Madhav Marathe, and Samarth Swarup 16 Participatory Simulation as a Tool of Policy Informatics: Defi nitions, Literature Review, and Research Directions 285 Gerard P. Learmonth, Sr. and Jeffrey Plank 17 Action Brokering for Community Engagement: A Case Study of ACTion Alexandria 301 Jes A. Koepfl er, Derek L. Hansen, Paul T. Jaeger, John C. Bertot, and Tracy Viselli 18 Breaking the Silos of Silence: The Importance of New Forms of Knowledge Incubation for Policy Informatics 319 Ines Mergel PART VI Conclusion 333 19 The Future of Policy Informatics 335 Justin Longo, Dara M. Wald, and David M. Hondula Contributors 353 Index 365
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