Glycoscience and Microbial Adhesion PDF
Preview Glycoscience and Microbial Adhesion
288 Topics in Current Chemistry Editorial Board: V. Balzani · A. de Meijere · K.N. Houk · H. Kessler J.-M. Lehn · S. V. Ley · S. Schreiber · J. Thiem B. M. Trost · P. Vogel · F. Vögtle · H. Yamamoto Topics in Current Chemistry Recently Published and Forthcoming Volumes Glycoscience and Microbial Adhesion Photochemistry and Photophysics of Volume Editors: Thisbe K. Lindhorst, Coordination Compounds I Stefan Oscarson Volume Editors: Balzani, V., Campagna, S. Vol. 288, 2009 Vol. 280, 2007 Templates in Chemistry III Metal Catalyzed Reductive C–C Bond Volume Editors: Broekmann, P., Dötz, K.-H., Formation Schalley, C.A. A Departure from Preformed Organometallic Vol. 287, 2009 Reagents Volume Editor: Krische, M. J. Tubulin-Binding Agents: Vol. 279, 2007 Synthetic, Structural and Mechanistic Insights Volume Editor: Carlomagno, T. Combinatorial Chemistry on Solid Supports Vol. 286, 2009 Volume Editor: Bräse, S. Vol. 278, 2007 STM and AFM Studies on (Bio)molecular Systems: Unravelling the Nanoworld Creative Chemical Sensor Systems Volume Editor: Samorì, P. Volume Editor: Schrader, T. Vol. 285, 2008 Vol. 277, 2007 Amplification of Chirality In situ NMR Methods in Catalysis Volume Editor: Soai, K. Volume Editors: Bargon, J., Kuhn, L. T. Vol. 284, 2008 Vol. 276, 2007 Anthracycline Chemistry and Biology II Sulfur-Mediated Rearrangements II Mode of Action, Clinical Aspects and New Drugs Volume Editor: Schaumann, E. Volume Editor: Krohn, K. Vol. 275, 2007 Vol. 283, 2008 Sulfur-Mediated Rearrangements I Anthracycline Chemistry and Biology I Volume Editor: Schaumann, E. Biological Occurence and Biosynthesis, Vol. 274, 2007 Synthesis and Chemistry Volume Editor: Krohn, K. Bioactive Conformation II Vol. 282, 2008 Volume Editor: Peters, T. Vol. 273, 2007 Photochemistry and Photophysics of Coordination Compounds II Bioactive Conformation I Volume Editors: Balzani, V., Campagna, S. Volume Editor: Peters, T. Vol. 281, 2007 Vol. 272, 2007 Glycoscience and Microbial Adhesion Volume Editors: Thisbe K. Lindhorst · Stefan Oscarson With Contributions by J. Bouckaert · A.P. Davies · J. Hacker · L.G. Harris A.K. Horst · A.S. Khan · S.D. Knight · J.K.M. Knobloch M. Lahmann · D. Mack · T.A. Oelschlaeger · K. Ohlsen H. Rohde · S. Teneberg · M. Virji · C. Wagener The series Topics in Current Chemistry presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in modern chemical research. The scope of coverage includes all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the nonspecialist reader, whether at the university or in industry, a comprehensive overview of an area where new insights are emerging that are of interest to a larger scientific audience. As a rule, contributions are specially commissioned. The editors and publishers will, however, always be pleased to receive suggestions and supplementary information. Papers are accepted for Topics in Current Chemistry in English. In references Topics in Current Chemistry is abbreviated Top Curr Chem and is cited as a journal. Visit the TCC content at springerlink.com Topics in Current Chemistry ISSN 1436-5049 e-ISSN 1436-5049 ISBN 978-3-642-01303-4 e-ISBN 978-3-642-01304-1 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-01304-1 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009926057 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Volume Editors Professor Dr. Thisbe K. Lindhorst Professor Stefan Oscarson Otto-Diels-Institute Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology of Organic Chemistry UCD School of Chemistry and Otto-Hahn-Platz 3/4 Chemical Biology 24098 Kiel, Germany University College Dublin [email protected] Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland [email protected] Editorial Board Prof. Vincenzo Balzani Professor Jean-Marie Lehn Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” ISIS University of Bologna 8, allée Gaspard Monge via Selmi 2 BP 70028 I-40126 Bologna, Italy 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France [email protected] [email protected] Professor Dr. Armin de Meijere Professor Dr. Steven V. Ley Institut für Organische Chemie University Chemical Laboratory der Georg-August-Universität Lensfield Road Tammanstr. 2 Cambridge CB2 1EW 37077 Göttingen, Germany Great Britain [email protected] [email protected] Professor Dr. Kendall N. Houk Professor Stuart Schreiber University of California Chemical Laboratories Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Harvard University 405 Hilgard Avenue 12 Oxford Street Los Angeles, CA 90024-1589 Cambridge, MA 02138-2902 USA USA [email protected] [email protected] Professor Dr. Horst Kessler Professor Dr. Joachim Thiem Institut für Organische Chemie Institut für Organische Chemie TU München Universität Hamburg Lichtenbergstraße 4 Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 86747 Garching, Germany 20146 Hamburg, Germany [email protected] [email protected] vi Editorial Board Professor Barry M. Trost Professor Dr. Hisashi Yamamoto Department of Chemistry Arthur Holly Compton Distinguished Stanford University Professor Stanford, CA 94305-5080 Department of Chemistry USA The University of Chicago [email protected] 5735 South Ellis Avenue Chicago, IL 60637 Professor Pierre Vogel 773-702-5059 USA Laboratory of Glycochemistry [email protected] and Asymmetric Synthesis EPFL – Ecole polytechnique féderale de Lausanne EPFL SB ISIC LGSA BCH 5307 (Bat.BCH) 1015 Lausanne, Swiss [email protected] Professor Dr. F. Vögtle Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 53121 Bonn, Germany [email protected] Topics in Current Chemistry Also Available Electronically For all customers who have a standing order to Topics in Current Chemistry, we offer the electronic version via SpringerLink free of charge. Please contact your librarian who can receive a password or free access to the full articles by registering at: springerlink.com If you do not have a subscription, you can still view the tables of contents of the volumes and the abstract of each article by going to the SpringerLink Homepage, clicking on “Browse by Online Libraries”, then “Chemical Sciences”, and finally choose Topics in Current Chemistry. You will find information about the – Editorial Board – Aims and Scope – Instructions for Authors – Sample Contribution at springer.com using the search function. Color figures are published in full color within the electronic version on SpringerLink. vii Preface In the post-genomic era, the chemistry and biology of carbohydrates have been r ecognized as among the most important research areas within the life sciences. It has been understood that glycosylation of primary gene products is regularly a basic fundamental of their biochemical features and that the glyco environment on eukary- otic cell surfaces, the so-called glycocalyx, is of utmost importance for prosperity and adversity of cell development and cell communication. As any molecular contact with a cell primarily concerns its nano-dimensioned sugar coat, glycobiological research has to be concerned with the mechanisms of such interactions as well as the conse- quences for cell biology. Wherever cells are in contact with the outside environment, as for example in the case of epithelial cells, their sugar decoration is utilized by microbes to adhere to and colonize the cell surface sometimes, eventually to form stable biofilms, which can be most detrimental to the host cell. This microbial adhe- sion process is mediated by a well orchestrated assembly of molecular interactions, among which carbohydrate-specific adhesion plays a decisive role. This issue is dedicated to the role of carbohydrates in microbial adhesion proc- esses and the research engendered within the glycosciences into this important bio- medicinal matter. An interdisciplinary roundup of seven contributions has been combined to highlight glycoscience and to give an ample overview of the state-of- the-art of microbial adhesion research. The field is introduced in the first chapter, which points out the complexity of the adhesion process involving multiple adhesins on a single microbe and their respective target receptors on host cells, and discusses the possibility of controlling bacterial infections via preventing the adhesion or invasion stages of microbial pathogenesis. The latter issue touches on a vision of an anti-adhesive therapy, which in our opinion receives some validation on the basis of the contributions collected herein. The second chapter is a comprehensive summary of the polyvalent molecular architectures which have been conceived and synthesized in order to interfere in microbial adhesion processes on cell surfaces, an event where multivalent interac- tions most often are a prerequisite. Molecular constructs as described in this section can serve to investigate and manipulate fimbriae-mediated bacterial adhesion, as in the case of E. coli type 1 fimbriae-mediated bacterial adhesion, which is explored in all structure-biological details in the third chapter. In the following contributions in Chapters 4 and 5, more implications and reflections about bacterial adhesins and ix x Preface bacterial carbohydrate recognition are conveyed, covering Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria, in Chapter 4 Streptococci and Staphylococci, and in Chapter 5, carbohydrate binding specificities of Helicobacter pylori. In Chapter 6, “Bitter sweetness of complexity,” the collected reflections on micro- bial adhesion are expanded by a perspective on a broader impact of glycosylation on cellular adhesion, motility and regulatory processes, paralleling the complexity of N-glycan structures on cell surfaces. It highlights particularly how structural details of N-glycans have been causally related to pathological scenarios, with a focus on β(1,6)-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. In the final chapter, biofilm formation is reviewed, covering knowledge about structure and biosynthesis of polysaccharide intercellular adhesins (PIAs) which are central to biofilm formation. This comprehensive chapter explains all PIA-related principles of medical device-associated infections. It is our hope, that this collection of expert articles, ranging from structural chem- istry and structural biology to biochemistry and medicine, will be a stimulation and motivation for our colleagues in the life sciences. At the same time, we hope that these reflections on microbial adhesion will awake interest in and promote under- standing of the complex processes associated with the glycocalyx and the multifac- eted interactions between the host cell and its “guest,” as well as the biological consequences resulting from this mutual interplay. Spring 2009, Kiel and Dublin Thisbe Lindhorst and Stefan Oscarson
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