Globalization of Science and Technology: A Way for C.I.S. Countries to New Markets

129 Pages·1998·7.331 MB·English

by  P. Khabibullaev (auth.), C. Corsi, S. V. Kudrya (eds.)

Globalization of Science and Technology:
A Way for C.I.S. Countries to New Markets
NATO ASI Series
Advanced Science Institute Series
A Series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NATO Science Committee,
which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge,
with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities.
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B Physics London and New York
C Mathematical and Physical Sciences Kluwer Academic Publishers
D Behavioural and Social Sciences Dordrecht, Boston and London
E Applied Sciences
F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer-Verlag
G Ecological Sciences Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London,
H Cell Biology Paris and Tokyo
I Global Environment Change
PARTNERSHP ISUB-SERSIE
1. Disarmament Technologies Kluwer Academic Publishers
2. Environment Springer-Verlag / Kluwer Academic Publishers
3. High Technology Kluwer Academic Publishers
4. Science and Technology Policy Kluwer Academic Publishers
5. Computer Networking Kluwer Academic Publishers
The Partnership Sub-Series incorporates activities undertaken in collaboration with NATO's
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The CD-ROM can be ordered through any member of the Board of Publishers or through NATO-PC,O
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Series 4: Science and Technology Policy -Vol. 18
Globalization of Science and
Technology:
A Way for C.I.S. Countries to New
Markets
edited by
C. Corsi
Consorzio Roma Ricerche,
Roma, Italy
S. Kudrya
Association for the Promotion of Small Innovation Enterprises,
Technology Centres and Technopolises (AMIP),
Moscow, Russia
Springer Science+Business Media, B.V.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Globalization of Science and Technology: A Way for C.I.S. Countries to New Markets
Tashkent, Uzbekistan
September 23-25,1996
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-94-010-6131-5 ISBN 978-94-011-5074-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-5074-3
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 1998Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1998
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1998
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo
copying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written
permission from the copyright owner.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREF ACE .......................................................... VII
FOREWORD/ABOUT THE WORKSHOP ............................... IX
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ............................................. xv
Resourees Potential ofUzbekistan and its Possible Way to Global Market ......... 1
P. Khabibullaev
S&T as an Element in Developing aGlobai Market ........................... 9
George Bugliarello
AGlobai Seienee and Teehnology World: A Strategie Tool for Market
Globalization ........................................................ 15
Carlo Corsi
The State Support to Organization and Development of Innovations in the
Republie of Uzbekistan. The Meehanism of its Realization .................... 27
T. Riskiev
The Development ofSeienee and Teehnology Parks and Innovation Centres ...... 39
Lawrence West
Teehnology Transfer in Solid State Eleetronies Perspeetives and Opportunities .... 45
Antonio PaoleUi
How to Strueture a Sueeessful Innovation Transfer System .................... 55
Lars V. Kreul and Andrzej G6rak
The Problems of Computer Net Integration ofUzbekistan to the World
Information System ................................................... 61
Rustam Rakhmatullaev
Eeonomie Development through Multimedia and Distanee Leaming ............ 67
Umberto Dei Canuto
Seientifie and Teehnieal Research Couneil of Turkey Produetivityseienee and
Teehnology Management Systems and Innovation Opportunities ............... 79
AykutGäker
VI
Training ofSpeeialists at Information Technologies: Some Important Aspects
ofthe Topie ......................................................... 89
F.I. Paramonov and 0. V Kolesnichenko
Strategie Parameters in Planning Information Networks: Some Features
ofthe US Experienee ................................................. 93
Alex Coletti
Problems and Perspectives ofthe Creation ofInformation Infrastructure
ofthe Bodies ofState Administration ofthe Republie ofKazakhstan ............ 97
Bakit A. Erjanov and Vladimir P. Morozov
Aeademic Computer Networks, Technological Opportunities for the
Late Corners: Turkish Case ............................................ 107
Haluk Zontul
Problems ofIntegration ofthe R&D Sphere into the World Economy .......... 113
Levan E. Mindeli
SUBJECT INDEX .................................................. 121
PREFACE
The social and political aspccts emerging actually from CIS Countries are revealing an
enormous strategical value of preservation, maintaining and supporting the future
growth of scientific resources, there existing.
This strategy is sollecitated by the impact with the Western technology and the
consequent Market Globalization of the CIS Countries, espeeially those pcripherally
located.
Moreover, the explosion of the advanced technology networking, which sustain and
improve the widespreading of new products, is more and more enhancing the needs of
urgent answers.
So, c1early related to the weIl recognised scientific value of the former Soviet Union
Academic Structures and Governmental Labs. the situation is showing an improvement
of emerging problems deriving from economic crisis and consequent difficulties in the
organization, which show their tragic risk of distruction, especially if not immediately
Iinked to the advanced worldwide technological culture, sustained by synergistic link
with Western Europe, eventually through their main reference Countries (e.g. Russia).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The State Committee for Science and Technology of Republic of Uzbekistan on behalf
of all participants who attended the Advanced Research Workshop would Iike to
express deep gratitude to the NATO Scientific Affairs Division and to his Office Head
Dr. Alain Jubier for the financial support and programme suggestion.
In addition thanks are due to Prof. T. Riskiev. Prof. A. Akinov and Dr. S. Kudria for
their unvaluable engagement in the Meeting organization and to all Uzbek friends for
the friendly and plcasant atmosphere.
VII
FOREWORD
Prof Pu/at Khabibu/aev,
Chairman oft he State Commitee for Science and Techn%gy
Uzbekistan
Dear ladies, gentlemen, partieipants and guests of the Seminar,
Let me eordially greet you on the land of Uzbekistan and express gratitude to you on
behalf of the organizers of the Seminar, for aeeepting our invitation and ereating an
opportunity to work with us within the framework of the forum of great specialists in
the field of organization of seientifie and teehnieal and innovative aetivities.
I think that the event of this important Seminar in the eapital of Uzbekistan during
these days has a simbolie value. In the beginning of the month the people of Uzbekistan
eelebrated the fifth anniversary of Independenee of their Republie, one of the
aehievements whereof is that after eenturies Uzbekistan again has been opened to the
world, gained opportunity of a direet eontaet with the Countries of the world, as equal -
to-equal.
State system, eulture, seience and enlightenrnent of Uzbekistan have deep historieal
roots. Such great personalities as Al Khorezmi, Al Beruni, Abu Ali Ibn Sino, Amir
Temur, Ulugbek, Alisher Navoi, works whereof is a property of the whole mankind and
serve hereto its welfare lived and ereated here.
The Republie declared its independenee on the l-st of September 1991. From the time
of gaining independence deep politieal, eeonomie and institutional transformations are
earried out in the Republie, the purpose of whieh is the establishment of a democratic,
legal state and a civil society with a stable, socially oriented market eeonomy and open
external poliey.
The eountry is rieh in natural resources: gas, oil, coal, gold, copper, tungsten,
molibdenum, rare and scattered metals, gangue resourees. The priority directions of
Uzbekistan economy development are: mining, oil and gas, chernieaI, electrical,
eleetronic branches of industry, power engineering, non ferrous metallurgy, avia and
motor ear eonstruetion, maehine eonstruetion for agriculture, agriculture and relevant
branehes of processing industry.
The Republic of Uzbekistan has al ready five years lived and developed on the basis of
its own, taking into eonsideration of its specifie charaeter, model of consistent transition
to market economy.
The present stable state of the country's economy, degree of social protection of its
population have been recognized by the world community, as absolute success of
elaborated and realized by the authorities of Uzbekistan approaches to the reforms.
Uzbekistan possesses a significant scientific potential, including 55 scientific and
research institutes of the Republican Aeademy of Sciences, 18 institutes and research
organizations of the Academy of Agricultural sciences, 57 higher educational
institutions, including 17 universities, 10 of whieh were established during the first two
years of country' independent development, several dozens of research, project and
design and technological organizations of industry branches. In the last two years the
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scientific and technical structures of non-state property form have been formed and act
successfully, competitively with traditional research centres in the sphere of applied
elaborations.
An important role in Uzbekistan is given to researches and advanced technological
investigations, directed at dynamic development of the country's economy , revival and
development of rich cultural and spiritual heritage.
Scientists and specialists of Uzbekistan carry out the fundamental and applied
investigations in perspective trends of contemporary science, such as elementary
particles physics, microelectronics, mathematics, astronomy, biology and biophysics,
genetics, bioorganic chemistry, chemistry and advanced materials physics, energetics,
geology and seismology, machine building and aircrafts, history and archaeology.
Achievements of Uzbek mathematicians in the field of probability theory, differential
equations, information of transmission theory,results of which have found practical
application in hydrometeorology, biology, machine building, seismic resistance
construction, information science, at calculation and various natural modelling and
technogenic processes are widely known in the world.
Investigations of Uzbek physicists in the field of superconductivity nature in solid
fullerens and new effective superconducting materials synthesizing have obtained a
world recognition.
The Uzbek scientific petrologic school has determined the number of new trends in
theoretical and practical investigations which will contribute to mineral and raw
materials resources discovery in Uzbekistan and Central Asia . Establishment of gold
arsenopyrite are formation and paragenesis of gold with arsenic in Usbekistan has led to
large-scale gold and ore deposit exposure, including Muruntau, successfully developed
at present.
Investigations of Republican scientists in the field of oil and gas geology science have
led to a number of large-scale deposits discovery of these mineral resources on the
territory of the country and today the Republic of Uzbekistan not only completly
provides its needs in oil and gas raw materials, but executes export of this products .
Taking into account, that Uzbekistan is located in the sphere of seismic activity,
scientific elaborations and engineering investigations in the field of seismology and
seismic resistance construction are of special interest. Scientists of the Republic have
created the catalogue of earthquake heraids on geophysical data, new version of
seismogenic areas map Uzbekistan, the database of heavy earthquakes has been created.
One of the first scientific discoveries in the field of geochemical earthquake heraids
belongs to Uzbek scientists.
The results of scientific investigations in the field of seismic resistance construction
have found an application at construction of civil and industrial objects of the republic,
in particular the Tashkent Underground.
In Uzbekistan the unique collection of plants and microorganisms genetic fund has been
created, without which the genetic selection investigations carrying out and new plants
kinds creation are impossible. The biggest world cotton collection includes about 10
thousand of kind sampies, and more than 2000 perennial wild and semi-barbarian
forms, pertaining to 30 species.
Uzbekistan has collected the complete botanical herbarium in Central Asia, which has
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been formed from the end of the last century. It has an international status and contains
more than million plant sampies from all over the world.
Uzbekistan's historical spiritual heritage, kept in the Republic accounts more than 50
thousand of ancient manuscripts, among which there are sole and unique ones in the
world. On their basis from the position of deideologized historical science and objective
appraisal of common to all mankind significance of Uzbek people cultural wealth, new
books about notable thinkers and Central Asia scientists of culture have been published.
Great importance in our country is being given to intellectual property of rights
protection . An effectively acting patent system with legislative basis, recognized by the
World intellectual property organization , according to the high requirements of
international norms, has been created in Uzbekistan.
The President ofthe Republic ofUzbekistan I.Karimov, the first among the heads ofthe
World State has been awarded by the Great Gold medal of WIPO for his creative
contribution and protection of scientific and technological inventive activity
development.
Uzbekistan broadens and strenghtenes the international links, actively interactes with
international scientific and technological organizations, efficiently solves the issues of
international norms and agreements validity distribution on its terriority in the sphere
of international activity.
The Republic has joined to a number of UNO's conventions: on biological variaties,
transborder transfer, cultural and natural heritage protection and etc.
The Republic ofUzbekistan for the period of its independence has concluded more than
40 intergovernrnental agreements about cooperation in the field of science and
technology.
Side by side with traditional attention to the development of fundamental
investigations, as the bases of new knowledge elaboration the particular importance in
the last years in Uzbekistan is being attached to innovative processes organization and
development, bringing of advanced scientific results and technology to practice, forms
and mechanisms of innovative activity development.
By the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for science and technology
jointly with industrial branches a number of scientific and industrial centres for up-to
date technologies assimilation has been created.
The Centres have been established on the basis of the al ready existing, but unused to the
full extent, republican enterprises productive capacity by joining, within the frame of the
State Committee for science and technology of the Republic of Uzbekistan, innovative
programmes, their engineering and technical potential with an intellectual potential of
scientific and research organizations and higher educational institutes.
The regional bodies of the State power and administration participate in scientific and
technical policy realization in their regions, establish the necessary economic, social
and legal conditions, stimulating the development of innovative activity in the region.
In the Republic the regional and branch scientific and manufacturing structures of a
new type, oriented to the market and integrating science, higher school and
manufacture have been established. Suitable conditions for the development and more
complete revealing of the regions scientific potential and their mobilization on
production of competitive ensuring of state and regional scientific and technical policy