Global Risk Governance in Health

257 Pages·2014·0.786 MB·English

by  Nathalie Brender

Global Risk Governance in
Health
Nathalie Brender
Global Risk Governance in Health
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Global Risk Governance in
Health
Nathalie Brender
Professor of Risk Management and Corporate Finance
Haute école de gestion de Genève, University of Applied Sciences
Western Switzerland

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© Nathalie Brender 2014
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this
publication may be made without written permission.
No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted
save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence
permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency,
Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.
Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication
may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work
in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published 2014 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited,
registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke,
Hampshire RG21 6XS.
Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010.
Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies
and has companies and representatives throughout the world.
Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States,
the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries
ISBN: 978–1–137–27356–7
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully
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processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the
country of origin.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
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Contents
List of Figures v ii
List of Tables v iii
Acknowledgments i x
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms x
Introduction 1
1 Thinking the International Response to a Global Health Risk 9
1.1 Analyzing risk 1 2
1.2 Responding to risk 1 8
2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Analysis of a Successful
Containment 26
2.1 SARS risk analysis 2 7
2.1.1 Method and legitimacy 2 8
2.1.2 Mobilization of expertise 3 6
2.1.3 Risk assessment process 4 7
2.2 SARS international response 69
2.2.1 Reduction of casualties 7 1
2.2.2 Cooperation and communication 8 7
2.2.3 Response monitoring 8 7
2.3 Conclusion 9 5
3 Avian Influenza H5N1: International Preparedness
against a Future Influenza Pandemic 1 00
3.1 H5N1 avian influenza risk analysis 104
3.1.1 First alert: Hong Kong (February 2003) 104
3.1.2 S econd alert: Asian regional outbreak
(December 2003–January 2004) 1 05
3.1.3 Method and legitimacy 1 06
3.1.4 Expertise organization 1 10
3.1.5 Risk assessment process 1 22
3.2 Avian influenza H5N1 international response 140
3.2.1 Reduction of casualties 1 42
3.2.2 Cooperation and communication 1 54
3.2.3 Response monitoring 1 56
3.3 Conclusion 1 61
v
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vi Contents
4 Cases Comparison, Outlook on H1N1 Influenza Pandemic,
and Conclusions 166
4.1 Cases comparison 1 67
4.1.1 Reduction of the risk of a SARS pandemic 1 67
4.1.2 R eduction of the risk of an H5N1 human
influenza pandemic 1 69
4.1.3 Common features and differences 1 72
4.2 Pandemic influenza A (H1N1): outlook on a
contested management 178
4.2.1 H1N1 risk analysis 1 80
4.2.2 H1N1 pandemic response 1 84
4.2.3 Perspective 1 87
4.3 Conclusions 1 91
Notes 1 96
Bibliography 2 02
References 2 17
Index 2 33
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List of Figures
1.1 Iterative risk analysis process 1 1
1.2 Thinking the international response 2 4
2.1 Probable cases of SARS worldwide, August 7, 2003 7 2
2.2 Probable cases of SARS by week of onset worldwide
(n = 5,910), November 1, 2002–July 10, 2003 7 8
2.3 Evolution of SARS cases in areas with local transmission 8 0
2.4 International response to SARS 9 7
3.1 Annex 2 of the International Health Regulations, 2005 1 07
3.2 Breakdown of fields of expertise for external experts,
WHO global technical meeting on early containment
protocol for pandemic influenza, March 6–8, 2006 1 15
3.3 Human cases of avian influenza H5N1, 2003–2008 1 51
3.4 Numbers of avian influenza H5N1 cases in birds, 2003–2008 1 53
3.5 Numbers of animals destroyed, 2003–2008 1 53
3.6 International response to avian influenza H5N1 1 62
vii
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List of Tables
2.1 SARS technical staff and consultants by area of work and
field of expertise 39
2.2 Balance between known and unknown facts for SARS 5 9
2.3 International spread of SARS 7 3
2.4 SARS travel restrictions 7 5
2.5 WHO’s four main recommendations about SARS 8 8
2.6 WHO recommendations application by SARS affected
countries 92
3.1 Breakdown of participants by fields of expertise, WHO
global technical meeting on early containment protocol
for pandemic influenza, March 6–8, 2006 1 14
3.2 Breakdown of fields of expertise for WHO avian influenza
H5N1 field mission in Turkey, 2007 1 18
3.3 Classification of influenza pandemic phases, WHO global
influenza preparedness plan of 2005 1 24
3.4 Balance between known and unknown facts about an H5N1
influenza pandemic 1 35
3.5 Estimates of global economic impact of an influenza
pandemic 138
3.6 WHO strategic action plan budget, 2006–2007 1 39
3.7 Outbreaks of avian influenza H5N1 among animals and
humans by affected area 1 43
3.8 Number of human cases of avian influenza H5N1 per
country and per year of onset 1 48
3.9 H5N1 avian influenza affected areas as reported to OIE 1 50
viii
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Acknowledgments
Completing this book would not have been possible without the
sustained support of family, friends, and colleagues. In particular, I wish
to thank Professor Claude Gilbert (The National Center for Scientific
Research, CNRS), who acted as a mentor to me and gave me the oppor-
tunity to work with him on the World Health Organization’s governance
of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic within the frame of the funded
project “Emergence et Risques sanitaires” 2010–2013, coordinated by
CIRAD (Agricultural Research for Development). I am grateful for his
challenging questions, constructive comments, and the trust he placed
in my work.
I also would like to thank Professor Claudine Burton-Jeangros for her
friendship and professional collaboration that meant a great deal to me.
I thank Doctor Sophie Huber-Kodbaye who accompanied me during the
whole process with her friendship and thoughtful comments, as well as
Professor Catherine Equey for her support.
I would also like to thank the interviewees involved in the project for
their patient assistance.
This book would not have come to pass without the Palgrave
Macmillan editing team. A special thanks to my editor Christina Brian
for her guidance and patience.
I am also grateful to my mother and my brother for their faith, contin-
uous encouragement, and support throughout all stages of this project.
Marc provided me with infallible technical and logistical support,
endless patience, and unconditional care, while our daughters, Agathe
and Jeanne, always managed to cheer me up at the most critical times.
Finally, I wish to dedicate this book to my late father.
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