Global Perspectives on Counterterrorism PDF
Preview Global Perspectives on Counterterrorism
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON COUNTERTERRORISM 2 EDITORIAL ADVISORS Vicki Been Elihu Root Professor of Law New York University School of Law Erwin Chemerinsky Alston & Bird Professor of Law Duke University School of Law Richard A. Epstein Laurence A. Tisch Professor of Law New York University School of Law Peter and Kirsten Bedford Senior Fellow The Hoover Institution Senior Lecturer in Law The University of Chicago Ronald J. Gilson Charles J. Meyers Professor of Law and Business Stanford University Marc and Eva Stern Professor of Law and Business Columbia Law School James E. Krier Earl Warren DeLano Professor of Law The University of Michigan Law School Richard K. Neumann, Jr. Professor of Law Hofstra University School of Law David Alan Sklansky Professor of Law University of California at Berkeley School of Law Kent D. Syverud Dean and Ethan A. H. Shepley University Professor Washington University School of Law Elizabeth Warren Leo Gottlieb Professor of Law Harvard Law School 3 ASPEN ELECTIVE SERIES GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON COUNTERTERRORISM Second Edition Amos N. Guiora Professor of Law S. J. Quinney College of Law, University of Utah AUSTIN BOSTON CHICAGO NEW YORK THE NETHERLANDS 4 © 2011 CCH Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. www.WoltersKluwerLB.com No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of this publication should be mailed to: Aspen Publishers Attn: Permissions Department 76 Ninth Avenue, 7th Floor New York, NY 10011-5201 To contact Customer Care, e-mail [email protected], call 1-800-234-1660, fax 1-800-901- 9075, or mail correspondence to: Aspen Publishers Attn: Order Department PO Box 990 Frederick, MD 21705 Printed in the United States of America. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 E-ISBN 978-1-4548-2416-9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Guiora, Amos N., 1957- Global perspectives on counterterrorism / Amos N. Guiora.—2nd ed. p. cm.—(Aspen elective series) Includes index. E-ISBN 978-1-4548-2416-9 1. Terrorism—Prevention. 2. Terrorism. I. Title. K5256.G85 2011 363.325’17—dc22 2011003255 5 About Wolters Kluwer Law & Business Wolters Kluwer Law & Business is a leading provider of research information and workflow solutions in key specialty areas. The strengths of the individual brands of Aspen Publishers, CCH, Kluwer Law International and Loislaw are aligned within Wolters Kluwer Law & Business to provide comprehensive, in-depth solutions and expert-authored content for the legal, professional and education markets. CCH was founded in 1913 and has served more than four generations of business professionals and their clients. The CCH products in the Wolters Kluwer Law & Business group are highly regarded electronic and print resources for legal, securities, antitrust and trade regulation, government contracting, banking, pension, payroll, employment and labor, and healthcare reimbursement and compliance professionals. Aspen Publishers is a leading information provider for attorneys, business professionals and law students. Written by preeminent authorities, Aspen products offer analytical and practical information in a range of specialty practice areas from securities law and intellectual property to mergers and acquisitions and pension/benefits. Aspen’s trusted legal education resources provide professors and students with high-quality, up-to-date and effective resources for successful instruction and study in all areas of the law. Kluwer Law International supplies the global business community with comprehensive English-language international legal information. Legal practitioners, corporate counsel and business executives around the world rely on the Kluwer Law International journals, loose-leafs, books and electronic products for authoritative information in many areas of international legal practice. Loislaw is a premier provider of digitized legal content to small law firm practitioners of various specializations. Loislaw provides attorneys with the ability to quickly and efficiently find the necessary legal information they need, when and where they need it, by facilitating access to primary law as well as state- specific law, records, forms and treatises. Wolters Kluwer Law & Business, a unit of Wolters Kluwer, is headquartered in New York and Riverwoods, Illinois. Wolters Kluwer is a leading multinational publisher and information services company. 6 To my wife Hagit, whose unflagging support throughout the years is unparalleled, and to our three extraordinary children, all unique in their own way: Tamar, Amitai, and Yoav 7 BIOGRAPHY Amos N. Guiora Amos Guiora is a Professor of Law at the S.J. Quinney College of Law, the University of Utah. Guiora, who teaches Criminal Procedure, International Law, Global Perspectives on Counterterrorism, and Religion and Terrorism, incorporates innovative scenario-based instruction to address national and international security issues and dilemmas. He is a Member of the American Bar Association’s Law and National Security Advisory Committee; a Research Fellow at the International Institute on Counter-Terrorism, The Interdisciplinary Center, Herzeliya, Israel; a Corresponding Member, The Netherlands School of Human Rights Research, University of Utrecht School of Law; and was awarded a Senior Specialist Fulbright Fellowship for The Netherlands in 2008. Professor Guiora has published extensively both in the U.S. and Europe on issues related to national security, limits of interrogation, religion and terrorism, the limits of power and multiculturalism, and human rights. In addition to this book, he is the author of Fundamentals of Counterterrorism, Constitutional Limits on Coercive Interrogation, and Freedom from Religion: Rights and National Security. He served for 19 years in the Israel Defense Forces as Lieutenant Colonel (retired), and held a number of senior command positions, including Commander of the IDF School of Military Law and Legal Advisor to the Gaza Strip. 8 SUMMARY OF CONTENTS Contents Preface Acknowledgments INTRODUCTION TO COUNTERTERRORISM INTERNATIONAL LAW BALANCING NATIONAL SECURITY AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE RESPONSES TO TERRORISM JUDICIAL REVIEW OPERATIONAL COUNTERTERRORISM METHODS INTELLIGENCE GATHERING INTERROGATION OF TERRORISTS DEFINING TERRORIST STATUS AND RIGHTS WHERE TO TRY TERRORISTS? FUTURE CHALLENGES TO COUNTERTERRORISM Table of Cases Index 9 CONTENTS Preface Acknowledgments INTRODUCTION TO COUNTERTERRORISM I. INTRODUCTION II. WHAT IS TERRORISM? III. THE TERRORIST IV. TYPES OF TERRORISM A. Ethno-Nationalist Terrorists B. Global Terrorists 1. Al Qaeda 2. Regional “Franchises” V. EFFECTIVENESS OF TERRORISTS INTERNATIONAL LAW I. INTRODUCTION II. TERRORISM CONVENTIONS III. SELF-DEFENSE A. U.N. Charter B. The Limits of State Sovereignty in Self-Defense C. Failed State IV. CIVILIAN COMBATANT V. OBLIGATIONS OF STATES VI. CHANGING TIMES VII. CONCLUSION BALANCING NATIONAL SECURITY AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS I. INTRODUCTION II. UNITED STATES A. Historical Discrimination and Ethnic Profiling B. Ethnic Profiling C. Detention vs. Due Process III. ISRAEL 10
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