Global Dimensions of Public Administration and Governance: A Comparative Voyage

579 Pages·2015·12.96 MB·English

by  Jos Raadschelders

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G L O B A L
D I M E N S I O N S
o f PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
AND GOVERNANCE
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G L O B A L
D I M E N S I O N S
o f PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
AND GOVERNANCE
A C O M P A R A T I V E V O Y A G E
JOS C.N. RAADSCHELDERS ERAN VIGODA-GADOT
(cid:129)
M I R I T KI S N E R
WI TH
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CONTENTS
ListofTablesandFigures xiii
Foreword xv
Acknowledgments xix
TheAuthors xxiii
1 GlobalizationandGovernment:CombiningGlobal
andComparativePerspectivesupontheState
ofModernGovernment 1
LevelsofAnalysisandUnderstanding 5
Globalization 6
CombiningaGlobalandComparativePerspective 7
CombiningtheStudiesofAdministrationandPolitics 9
AudienceforandStructureofThisBook 10
ConcludingRemarks:“Flying”andComparing
acrosstheGlobe 12
v
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vi Contents
PARTONE THEORIGIN,DEVELOPMENT,ANDDISSEMINATIONOF
GOVERNMENT:STRUCTURINGTERRITORYANDORGANIZATION 15
2 TheRootsandDevelopmentofGovernance,Government,and
PublicAdministration:TheEnvelopmentofLocalCommunities
inUpper-LocalPolitiesoverTime 17
TypesofGoverningAssociations 19
AllGovernmentandGovernanceStartedLocal 23
TheEmergenceofTerritorialStatesasUpper-LocalPolities 29
AGlobalModelofGovernmentDevelopment 32
TheDevelopmentofThinkingaboutGovernment:
FromPoliticalTheorytoPublicAdministration 37
ComparingGovernmentModels:ConcludingRemarks 39
3 StructuringGovernanceandGovernment:TheLayeredTerritorial
andBureaucraticOrganizationoftheWorld 41
TerritorialityandProperty 42
TerritorializationoftheWorld 46
InternationalBoundaries 48
SubnationalJurisdictions:HistoricalTrends 51
SubnationalJurisdictions:TheContemporarySituation 55
BureaucracyasOrganizationalStructure:The
BureaucratizationoftheWorld 62
TheInfluenceofColonization 66
ConcludingRemarks:BoundariesCreatingPolities 68
4 StateMaking,NationBuilding,andCitizenship 71
DefiningStateandNation 74
StateMaking:ModelsandExplanations 82
TheSeparationofOrganizedReligionandtheState:ARecent
Phenomenon? 85
NationBuilding:FromSubjectstoCitizens 89
CitizenshipasLayeredPhenomenon 91
AFutureforState,Nation,andCitizenship? 94
5 Political-AdministrativeSystemsandMultilevel
Government 97
BasicDistinctionsofPoliticalSystems 98
FiveTypesofPoliticalSystemsinRelationtoPoliticalParty
System 98
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Contents vii
UnitaryandFederalSystems 102
TypologiesofDemocraticSystems 108
PresidentialandParliamentarySystems 113
Party-PoliticalandBureaucratic-ProminentSystems 115
TheThreeBranchesofGovernmentandCoreFeaturesof
DemocraticPoliticalSystems 118
TheStructureofGovernmentDepartments 120
MultilevelandMultiactorGovernmentandGovernance 123
ConcludingRemarks 128
6 BureaucraticOrganizationandCulture 129
DefiningBureaucracy:TheInfluenceofMaxWeber
andHisFears 130
BureaucracyintheEvolutionofHumanCommunities:
TheOriginoftheStereotype? 135
SocietalCulture 138
OrganizationalCulture 146
PerceptionsofPublicIndividuals 152
SuckingWaterfromStrawsorOpeningtheTapintheKitchen 155
7 Organization,Management,andPolicy:Comparingthe
CompetenciesofGovernmentandPublicAdministration 157
TheHumanSideofPublicEnterprise:Management,
Organizations,andBehaviorinComparativePublic
Administration 158
ThePublicManagementRevolution:ComparativeViews 161
ComparingtheSectors 163
TheImplementationofNPMinWesternDemocracies 165
TheUnitedStates:MeasuringPerformance 165
Britain:WhoComesFirst,thePublicortheNation? 166
TheEuropeanContinent:CulturalGapsbeyonda
FewGenericSimilarities 167
Australia:TheAdministrativeResponsibilityApproach 168
Canada:CollaborationinResearchandtheShaping
ofPublicPolicy 169
NewZealand:TheReshapingofWelfarePolicy 170
Israel:DecentralizationandPrivatization 171
TheImplementationofNPMinOtherWorldRegions 172
Asia 173
Africa 175
EasternEurope,LatinAmerica,andOtherCountries 177
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viii Contents
The“DinosaurSyndrome”andtheComparativeMovement:
AMidrangeComment 182
TheOrganizationandManagementofGlobalPolicy
andPublicAdministration 184
Summary 186
8 BureaucracyasPersonnelSystemandPolitical-Administrative
Relations 187
TheImportanceofthePersonnelFunctionforResponsive
Government 188
DefiningBureaucracyasPersonnelSystem:MaxWeber’s
JuridicalPerspective 191
CategoriesofPublicServantsinaSociologicalPerspective 193
VariationintheSizeoftheCivilService 198
Political-AdministrativeRelations:Intertwinement,Politicization,
andConsultation 202
DevelopmentofthePersonnelFunctioninDeveloped
Countries 206
TheOrganizationalLevel:PersonnelManagementFocused
ontheOrganization 211
TheIndividualLevel:TheEmployeeasaPersonwithRights,
Needs,andFeelings 213
TheSocietalEnvironment:PublicPressurefor
Change 215
ConcludingComments 217
PARTTWO MANAGINGPOLICIES:CONTINUITY,CHANGE,
ANDDIVERSITY 219
9 TraditionalGovernmentActivitiesI:NationalDefense, Police,
LawandOrder 221
AtrocitiesofManandNature:NationalDefenseandEmergency
Management 221
France:Europeanization,Professionalization,andtheEndof
Conscription 222
Israel:MilitarizedSocietyorCivilianizedMilitary? 225
UnitedStates:RestingonItsLaurels—FEMA’sVicissitudes
fromIgnominytoLusterandViceVersa 231
InternalSecurity:EnforcingLawandOrder 236
Colombia:AQuagmireofGuerillas,DrugCartels,and
Paramilitaries—DemilitarizationBoggingDown 237