Global Atmospheric Change and its Impact on Regional Air Quality

322 Pages·2002·10.59 MB·English

by  Giovanni Angeletti (auth.)

Global Atmospheric Change and its Impact on
Regional Air Quality
NATO Science Series
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Series IV: Earth and Environmental Sciences - Vol. 16
Global Atmospheric Change and
its Impact on Regional Air Quality
ediled by
1. Barnes
Bergische University Wuppertal,
Physical Chemislry Department,
Wuppertal, Germany
Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Global Atmospheric Change and its Impact on Regional Air Quality
I rkutsk, Russian Federation
August21-27,2001
A C.I. P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-1-4020-0959-4 ISBN 978-94-010-0082-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-010-0082-6
Printed on acid-free paper
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© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Oordrechl
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2002
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2002
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
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Global Atmospheric Change and its Impact on Regional Air Quality
CONTENTS
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xiii
Main Author list with adresses xv
Atmospheric Chemistry: General Aspects
European Research on Atmospheric Global Change: EU Supported Projects
and Future Planning 3
Angeletti, G.
Probing Chemical Mechanisms in Clean and Polluted Environments through
Field Measurement / Model Comparisons 7
Cars law, N, Heard, D. E., Lee, J D., Lewis, A. C, Pilling, M J and Saunders, S. M
Formation and Cycling of Aerosols in the Global Troposphere 13
Raes, F.
Active and Passive Sensing of Aerosol from Space 19
Matvienko, G. G., and Belov, V V
Global Self-Regulation of Ozone in the Earth Atmosphere 25
Lunin, V V and Zosimov, A.B.
Tropospheric Multiphase Chemistry in Field, Modelling and Laboratory Studies 31
Herrmann, H., Barzaghi, P., Boge, 0., Briiggemann, E., Ervens, B., Donati, A.,
Hesper, J, Gnauk, T., Jinuma, Y, Miiller, K., NeusiijJ, C and Plewka, A.
Stable Carbon Isotope Ratio Measurements: A New Tool to Understand Atmospheric
Processing of Volatile Organic Compounds 37
Rudolph, J
Air Pollution Monitoring in Romania 43
Mocanu, R. and Steinnes, E.
Modelling
Modelling of Ozone and Secondary Organic Aerosol across Europe: Results
from the EMEP Models 51
Simpson, D. and Andersson-Skold, Y
vi
Emissions
Emission of Atmospheric Pollutants from Aero Engines 59
Wiesen, P., Kleffmann, J. and Kurtenbach, R.
Arctic Regions
The Impact of Halogen Chemistry on the Oxidation Capacity of the Troposphere 67
Platt, U
Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies in the Laboratory
Recent Developments in Peroxy Radical Chemistry 79
Lesclaux, R.
Atmospheric Chemistry of Oxygenated VOCs 8S
v.,
Le Bras, G., Mellould, A., Magneron, l., Bossoutrot, and Laverdet, G.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Atmospheric Degradation of Aldehydes 91
D 'Anna, D. and Nielsen, C. J.
The Photochemical Degradation of Chloral and Oxalyl Chloride 97
Nolan, L., Kelly, T., Wenger, J., Treacy, J., Wirtz, K., and Sidebottom, H.
Fluorinated Radical Reactions of Atmospheric Importance 103
Hack, W, Hold, M., Hoyermann, K., Morozov, l. l. and Vasiliev, E. S.
Heterogeneous Reactions Affecting Chlorine Activation in the Troposphere 109
Gershenzon, M. Yu., Grigorieva, V.M., II'in, S.D., Remorov, R. G., Shestakov,
v., v.,
D. Zelenov, V. Aparina, E.A. and Gershenzon, Yu.M.
Photochemical Processes in the Atmosphere 11 S
Moortgat, G. K.
Atmosphere-Related Aspects of the Aqueous Phase Oxidation of Sulphur Dioxide 121
Pasiuk-Bronikowska, W
Soot Particles from Different Combustion Sources: Composition, Surface groups,
Oxidation under Atmospheric Conditions 129
Laritchev, M. N. and Petit, J. C.
Poster Contributions
Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies
Investigation of Particle Formation in the Photo-oxidation of Dimethyl Sulphide 141
Arsene, c., Barnes, l., Albu, M. and Becker, K.-H.
vii
Model Study of the Photooxidation of CH3S02SCH3 at Atmospheric Pressure:
Thermal Decomposition of the CH3S02 Radical 147
Butkovskaya, N. I. and Barnes, I.
Atmospheric Oxidation of Selected Primary Alcohols 153
Cavalli, F., Barnes, I. and Becker, K. H.
Interaction of Ozone with Sodium Chloride - a Possible Additional Source of
Chlorine in the Atmosphere 159
Levanov, A. V, Antipenko, E.£., Zosimov, A. V and Lunin, V V
Transition Metal Ions in The Processes Of Acid Rain Formation 163
Yermakov, A. N. and Purmal, A. P.
The Role of HC1 and HBr in Heterogeneous Processes of Stratospheric
Ozone Decomposition 167
Savilov, S. V and Yagodovskaya, TV:
Comparison of the N03 Heterogeneous Uptake on Dry and
Humidified NaX (X=Cl, Br) Salts 173
Zelenov, V V and Aparina, E. V
Global and Regional Air Pollution Studies
Air Pollution in Turkey 183
Dogeroglu, T.
Background State and Trends of Sulfur Dioxide and Sulfate Aerosols
in the Atmosphere over Russia 189
Egorov, V/., Paramonov, S. G. and Pastuhov, B. V
Changes in Land Use and Land Cover in Arid Southern Mediterranean on the
Long Term Using Remote Sensing and GIS -A Case Study of Northwest Egypt 195
Gad,A
Investigation ofPAH in Atmospheric Aerosols and Precipitation's of East Siberia 203
Gorshkov, A. and Marinaite, I.
Regional Atmospheric Changes Caused by Natural and Antropogeneous Factors 209
Karimo, K. and Gainutdinova, R.
Environmental Problems connected with Air Pollution in the industrial
Regions of Ukraine 215
Kharytonov, M, Gritsan,N. and Anisimova, L.
Comparison of Experimental and Calculated Data on Ion Composition of Precipitation
in the South of East Siberia 223
Kuchmenko, £. V, Moloznikova, Y V, Netsvetaeva, 0. G., Kobeleva, N. A.
Khodzher, T. V
viii
Monitoring of the Spatial and Temporal Variation of the Particle Size Distribution
and Chemical Composition of the Atmospheric Aerosol in Siberia 229
v.,
Koutsenogii, K, Koutsenogii, P., Smolyakov, B., Makarov, Khodgher T.
Model Accumulation Mode of Atmospheric Aerosol Including Photochemical
Aerosol Formation, Coagulation, Dynamics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
and Relative Humidity 237
Koutsenogii, P.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the Atmospheric Air of Moscow:
The impact of Industry and Transport 243
Laritcheva, 0. 0., Semenov, S. Yu., Smirnov, V. N., and Tananikyn, N. 1.
Transcontinental Observations of the Surface Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide
Concentrations by Using the Carriage-Laboratory 249
Markova, T.A. and Elansky, N.F.
Evaluation of On-Road Vehicle Emissions: The Lundby Tunnel Study in
Gothenburg, Sweden 255
Petrea, M., Lorzer, J., Kurtenbach, R., Mocanu, R. and Wiesen, P.
Season Variation of Near Ground Impurities of 03 and CO in East Siberia 261
Potemkin, V. and Obolkin, V.
Roadside Measurements of Traffic Emissions from Motorway BAB 656 in
Heidelberg with Emphasis on Particles 267
v.,
Rosenbohm, E., Scheer, Vogt, R. and Nielsen, O. J.
The Effect of Distant Sources of Ozone and PMIOS on Boundary Layer Air Quality
in Comwall-a rural area in the UK 273
Parsons, B. and Salter, L.
Chemical Composition of Atmospheric Fall-Out as an Indicator of the Impact of
Local Aerosol Emission Sources on Global Air Quality Change 279
Kovalevskaya, Y.I., Tolkacheva, G.A. and Smirnova, T. Y.
Influence of the Antropogenic Emissions and Atmospheric Chemical Processes
on Climate in XXI Century 287
Larin, 1. K and Ugarov, A. A.
Methods and Techniques
Digital Photogrammetric Method for Ecological Monitoring 297
Trubina, L., Koutsenogii, K and Guk, A.
Hydrogen Technology: H2 Storage and Release 303
Morozova, 0. S.
ix
Impact on Ecosystems
Effects from Industrial Emissions on the Lake Baikal Region Forests 311
Mikhailova, T. and Berezhnaya, N.
Assessment of Siberian Forest Ecosystem Stability Against the Acidification 317
Semenov, M
Air Pollution in the Adirondack Park; Public-Private Efforts to Reduce Acidity in
Soils and Water 321
Jancar-Webster, B.
Subject Index 327
Preface
The NATO ARW in Irkutsk was an excellent occasion for the coming together of Eastern and
Western scientists who are involved in tropospheric science; the workshop has greatly
contributed to the scientific and social understanding among the participants from the many
different countries. Many new personal contacts were made which will help to strengthen
future collaborations.
In particular, the Lake Baikal area and the Limnological Institute offer splendid opportunities
for environmental research which, in part, is already on going. For most participants it was the
first time to see the impressive nature of the Lake Baikal region. Hopefully, there will be a
chance for a follow-up event in Siberia where researchers from the East and West can again
meet and engage in fruitful scientific dialogue.
The book contains extended abstracts of the lectures and the poster presentations presented at
the NATO ARW "Global Atmospheric Change and its Impact on Regional Air Quality"
Irkutsk, Lake Baikal, Russian Federation, August 21-27, 2001. The ARW was composed of
22 oral presentations by key lecturers and 6 additional shorter oral presentations from
participants. In a special poster session the 36 poster contributions were presented and
discussed. Unfortunately not all contributors submitted extended abstracts, however, to
compensate two contributions have been added from 2 participants who were originally
invited but were unable to attend. The content and structure of the book is the same as the
NATO ARW programme, and I will therefore dispense with a discussion of the individual
contributions at the workshop. In order to impart a better impression of what the NATO ARW
achieved we have included below the summary of the official Discussion and Conclusions of
the workshop:
General Discussion and Conclusions
Global changes of the atmosphere, the topic of our workshop, create adverse effects, however,
uncontrolled changes without knowing the reasons would be even more frightening. We all
can agree with Valentin Rasputin, the famous Russian environmental campaigner and book
author, that mankind is endangered somehow as soon as his environment gets damaged by
pollution. The Lake Baikal region with all its beauty and essentials for flora and fauna is a
worldwide outstanding example for such a potential danger.
In order to better understand our environment, at least the troposphere, where most of the
ARW participants are involved with their work, the following needs for the next future which
came out from the interesting presentations of the workshop have been summarised:
• The finer details of chemical feedback processes which control global changes in the
atmosphere are not understood.
• For reliable modelling anthropogenic and natural emission data have to be evaluated
and permanently tested worldwide. Even in Europe the biogenic VOCemissions, but
also the anthropogenic VOC emissions from non-traffic sources require further
evaluation. New field measurements indicate that also the natural NO emissions can
x
have a significant impact on oxidation processes in rural areas.
• The finer details of atmospheric processes are strongly related to the radical budget
which is responsible for the tropospheric oxidation capacity. It is this property which
determines the tum over of degradation processes with its impact on the average
concentration of many trace compounds which, in part, are involved in the radiation
balance of the atmosphere. Many photochemical radical sources, e.g. by oxygenated
VOCs, are presently not known. On the other side also surface reactions as sinks of
radicals or their precursors have to be better investigated. Under conditions of higher
urban pollution most processes are fairly clear at present, maybe also under very clean
Xl