GIS for Public Safety: An Annotated Guide to ArcGIS Tools and PDF
Preview GIS for Public Safety: An Annotated Guide to ArcGIS Tools and
• First Edition By J M. C , P .D. OEL APLAN H GIS for Public Safety Copyright©2010byJoelM.Caplan,Ph.D. Thisentiredocumentandinstructormaterialsareavailabletoanyoneforfreedownloadat www.rutgerscps.org/gisbook. SuggestedCitation: Caplan,J.M.(2010).GISforPublicSafety:AnAnnotatedGuidetoArcGISToolsandProcedures. Newark,NJ:RutgersCenteronPublicSecurity. CoverdesignbyJackieCaplan PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Chapter Acknowledgements Thisbookwasinspiredbytheteachingsandworksofmyfirst(andongoing)GISmentors,AmyHillierand DanaTomlin.Youarebothbrilliantandmotivational. NOTICE:Thisdocumentwasadaptedfromaversionof“ArcGIS9.3manual”(2007)byAmyHillier(available at:http://works.bepress.com/amy_hillier/17).Someothercontentofthisdocumentwasadaptedorexcerpted directlyfromotherpublishedandunpublishedsources.Creditsandreferencesareincludedwhereappropriate. ESRI®ArcGIS® software graphical user interfaces, icons/buttons, splash screens, dialog boxes, artwork, emblems and associated materials are the intellectual property of ESRIand are reproduced herein by permission.Copyright©2009ESRI.Allrightsreserved. ESRI®, ArcGIS® (Desktop, Server, Mobile), ArcGISSM Online, ArcView®, ArcMapTM, ArcEditorTM, ArcIMS®, ArcSDE®, ArcPad®, ArcToolboxTM, ArcExplorerTM, ArcGIS® Explorer, 3D AnalystTM, ArcCatalogTM, ArcWebSM, Geography Network, ModelBuilderTM, ArcInfo®, www.esri.com, and www.geographynetwork.com are trademarks, registered trademarks or service marks of ESRIin the United States,theEuropeanCommunityorcertainotherjurisdictions. AllU.S.CensusBureaumaterials,regardlessofthemedia,areentirelyinthepublicdomain.Therearenouser fees, site licenses or any special agreements, etc., for the public or private use, and/or reuse of any census title.Asataxfundedproduct,itisallinthepublicrecord. Other companies or products mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective trademarkowners.Alltrademarksandcopyrightsarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners. ProducedbytheRutgersCenteronPublicSecurity Based at the School of Criminal Justice, the Rutgers Center on Public Security (RCPS) offers a multi- disciplinaryapproachtotheacademicstudyandpracticalapplicationofwaysinwhichdemocraticsocieties caneffectivelyaddresscrime,terrorismandotherthreatstopublicsecurity.Thisinvolvesthepreventionof, protection from and response to natural or man-made events that could endanger the safety or security of peopleorpropertyinagivenarea.RCPSengagesininnovativedataanalysisandinformationdissemination, including the use of GIS, for strategic decision-making and tactical action. Visit RCPSonline for current researchprojects,reportsandpublications(www.rutgerscps.org). GIS for Public Safety Chapter Detailed Table of Contents Preface 1 WhatisPublicSafety? ................................................................................................1 UsingGISforPublicSafety........................................................................................1 AboutthisBook ..........................................................................................................1 PCorMAC..................................................................................................................1 CHAPTER ONE: Introduction to Mapping and ArcGIS 3 WhatisGIS? ...............................................................................................................4 GISComponents .........................................................................................................4 ChoosingGISResourcesforYourOrganization.....................................................................5 People................................................................................................................................5 Software............................................................................................................................5 IsGISRightforYou?GuidedWorksheet.................................................................................6 RepresentingObjects(Features)inaGIS ...................................................................8 AttributeTables ...........................................................................................................9 DBFFiles ....................................................................................................................9 TypesofGISData .....................................................................................................10 TabularData .......................................................................................................10 GeographicData .................................................................................................10 Images.................................................................................................................10 ShapefilesandVectorData .......................................................................................10 VectorData .........................................................................................................10 Shapefiles ...........................................................................................................10 RasterData ................................................................................................................11 IntroductiontoArcGIS..............................................................................................12 IntroductiontoArcView9 .........................................................................................12 IntroductiontoArcCatalog........................................................................................12 ConnectingtoFolder ..........................................................................................12 SeeingFileTypes ................................................................................................13 BasicTasksinArcCatalog ........................................................................................13 PreviewingFiles .................................................................................................13 CheckingProperties ............................................................................................14 SearchingforMapData ......................................................................................14 IntroductiontoArcMap .............................................................................................14 StartingArcMap .................................................................................................15 CustomizingtheInterface ...................................................................................15 WorkingwiththeTableofContents ...................................................................15 DataFrames ........................................................................................................15 TheStandardToolbar .........................................................................................16 TheToolsToolbar ...............................................................................................16 UsingtheMeasureTool ......................................................................................17 AddingToolsandToolbars .................................................................................18 ShowingMapTips ..............................................................................................18 GettingDataintoArcMap ..................................................................................18 RemovingDatafromArcMap ............................................................................18 SavingYourWork ...............................................................................................18 SavingMapDocuments .....................................................................................18 UsingRelativePaths...........................................................................................19 MapLayers .........................................................................................................19 NamingFiles ......................................................................................................19 StoringFiles........................................................................................................19 Geodatabases ......................................................................................................19 IntroductiontoArcGISDesktopHelp ......................................................................20 SearchingHelpforKeyWords ...........................................................................20 GettingHelpDirectlyWithintheApplications ..................................................21 CHAPTER TWO: Communicating with Maps 23 MapSymbology ........................................................................................................24 SymbolizingPointFeatures ......................................................................................24 SingleSymbol ....................................................................................................24 UniqueValue ......................................................................................................25 GraduatedSymbol ..............................................................................................25 CreateNewSymbolsfromBitmapImages...............................................................26 SymbolizingPolygonFeatures .................................................................................28 GraduatedColor .................................................................................................28 FillPatterns .........................................................................................................28 DotDensity .........................................................................................................29 PieCharts............................................................................................................29 Bar/ColumnCharts .............................................................................................30 StackedCharts ....................................................................................................30 ClassificationMethods/Schemes ..............................................................................30 AdjustingTransparency ............................................................................................31 QueryingGISData....................................................................................................31 QuerybyAttribute ..............................................................................................31 SelectbyAttribute ..............................................................................................31 SelectbyLocation ..............................................................................................32 CombiningAttributeandLocationQueries .......................................................32 RemovingtheSelectionofFeaturesorAttributes ....................................................32 CHAPTER THREE: Map Design and Layout 33 LabelingFeatures ......................................................................................................34 UsingTextBoxestoLabelFeatures ...................................................................34 ManuallyPlacingLabels ....................................................................................35 AutoLabeling .....................................................................................................35 ConvertingLabelstoAnnotation ........................................................................36 UsingAnnotationLayers ....................................................................................36 DesigningMapLayouts ............................................................................................36 LayoutView .......................................................................................................36 PageandPrintSetup............................................................................................37 AddingaTitle .....................................................................................................37 AddingaLegend ................................................................................................38 AddingaScaleBar .............................................................................................38 AddingScaleText ..............................................................................................39 AddingaNorthArrow ........................................................................................39 RotatingaMap ...................................................................................................39 MapTemplates ..........................................................................................................39 OpeningMapTemplates .....................................................................................40 UsingMapTemplates .........................................................................................40 UsingInsetMapTemplates ................................................................................40 CreatingYourOwnTemplate .............................................................................40 CreatingExtentRectangles(InsetMaps) ..................................................................41 ExportingMaps .........................................................................................................42 GuidelinesforProfessionalMapProduction ............................................................................43 ChecklistforProfessionalMapProductionandDissemination.................................................44 InsertingMapsintoMicrosoftWordandPowerPoint ..............................................45 PictureToolbar ...................................................................................................45 CroppingMapImages ........................................................................................45 PictureFormatandLayout. ................................................................................45 PortableDocumentFormat(PDF)Files ...................................................................46 ViewingPDFDocuments ...................................................................................46 SavingMapsandDocumentsasPDF ................................................................46 PowerPointDesign&PresentationTips ..................................................................................47 CHAPTER FOUR: Spatial Data Sources, Projections and GIS Data Management 49 BaseMaps .................................................................................................................50 FREEGISDataSources ...........................................................................................50 AerialPhotographsandOrthophotography ..............................................................51 ExaminingMetadata .................................................................................................51 ZOOMIN:PoliceOfficers’PerceptionsofMapsandAerialPhotos ........................................52 DownloadingCensusShapefiles ...............................................................................................53 MapProjections ........................................................................................................54 RecognizingtheCoordinateSystem ..................................................................54 ProjectingUnprojectedShapefiles .....................................................................54 WorkingwithProjectedMapLayers ..................................................................55 TroubleshootingwithProjections .......................................................................56 DefiningProjectionforaDataFrame ................................................................56 CreatingNewShapefilesfromExistingShapefiles ..................................................57 UsingExcelSpreadsheetFiles ..................................................................................57 ConvertingFilesto.DBF ..........................................................................................57 GISDataFormatandDataCleaning ........................................................................60 GIS-FriendlyDatasets ...............................................................................................61 CHAPTER FIVE: Geocoding Addresses and Working with XY Data 63 Geocoding ...........................................................................................................64 PreparingTabularData .................................................................................64 CreatinganAddressLocator ........................................................................64 GeocodingAddresses ...................................................................................66 InteractiveReviewandRematchingAddresses ...........................................66 DetermininganAcceptableMatchRate .......................................................67 LocatinganIndividualAddress ..........................................................................67 CreatingXYCoordinatesfromAddresses .........................................................68 DisplayingXYData ...........................................................................................68 AddingXYCoordinatestoPoints,Lines,orPolygons(Centroids) ...................68 CHAPTER SIX: Spatial and Tabular Joins 69 JoiningTables......................................................................................................70 IdentifyingaKey...........................................................................................70 JoiningaTable...............................................................................................71 RemovingJoins ..................................................................................................71 SpatialJoins ........................................................................................................72 AssigningAreaCharacteristicstoPoints .....................................................72 AggregatingPointstoLinesorPolygons .....................................................72 Downloading&JoiningCensusAttributeData .....................................................................74 CHAPTER SEVEN: Working with Attribute Tables 75 AttributeTablesforShapefiles ...........................................................................76 OtherAttributeTables .........................................................................................76 SortingRecords ..................................................................................................76 FreezingColumns ...............................................................................................76 SummaryStatistics .............................................................................................76 SelectingRecords ...............................................................................................77 ExportingTables .................................................................................................77 AddNewColumn/Field......................................................................................77 DeleteColumn/Field...........................................................................................78 CalculatingValuesOutsideanEditSession .......................................................78 CommonErrorwhenCalculatingValues .....................................................78 LocationQuotients...................................................................................................................79 ZOOMIN:LocationQuotientChoroplethMaps.....................................................................80 EditingIndividualValues ...................................................................................81 StartinganEditSession ................................................................................81 EditingAttributeData ..................................................................................81 Finding&ReplacingValues ...............................................................................81 MeasuringwithAttributeData ...........................................................................82 MeasuringDistancewithNetworks ...................................................................82 CalculatingArea,Perimeter,andLength ............................................................82
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