Getting started in electronics

128 Pages·2003·12.58 MB·English

by  Forrest M. Mims III

ETTING. STARTED
IN
ELECTRONICS

BY.
FORREST NM... MIMS; IE

Finsr Peinting — 1983
ae SECOND PRINTING 7.19.84
xh THIRD PRINTING.- 1985
FOURTH | PRINTING -1986
if FIFTA PRINTING ~1987
SIXTH PRINTING. 1987
SEVENTA PRINTING - 1988
EAGHTH . PRINTING =1991,
NINTH PRINTING 1991
sere TENTH PRINTING = 1992
LEI dleventa PRINTING — 1493

fon TWELFTH PRINTING. - 1994

AOPYRIGHT ©. 1983 BY FORREST M MIMS, TM
oe ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
~ {PRINTED “IN TRE UNITED. STATES Of AMERICA
THIS ook .15..EOR. THE... ENTERTAIMMENT.AuDSRCOATAOAL
fog iTS. READERS... WHILE... REASOWAGLE CARE. nAS..BEEN.
EXERCISED. . ata. RES 2207. ITS ASCURACY,.. THE. AUTHOR,
Tanp, RAOID TRACK .ASIWNE . NO... RESPONSIZIC: Ty. FOR. ERRORS,

anne AOMISSIONS . OR. SWITASIELTY. ATS... CONTENTS BAY.
TA2PLICATION.. .... NEITHER .. PD..WE .. ASSUME. ALY... UASWITY. FOR.
cod. LAM ASES... RESWCTING.... Parl. ¥EE OE. IDE CRMATION ah

NOG. .RESPONS LUT. TD. DETER MME
OR. SALE. OF. ANY . DEVICE. THAT
AIERINGES.... Aly

js... Seow. - te

USE. MAMUEALTURE .
LweoRtoe&res.. Jol Fad MATON....IN.—TAS.... BOOK,
POTS WTS.,.. SORYRIGHTS...0R..OTMER....BIGATS.

AUTON... RS Book. WIMCLUDES... SEVERAL .REFERSUCES.. TO.
[ERE etBCaL 5: usr. BE. WEEDED. AT IS
(ESS RWTIAL.. THAT, SUPERVISION BE, 1VEAL,

CHW OGeN.. WORKING... weTA LIE = Pawe RED... ELEC TRAMIC
CikeurTs....AniD... Sordegia... Rams.

~ [ve THE. MARY CUSTOMER. INDWRIES . RESBIZED
RADIQ...SHACK.. AND. PME... AUTHOR,.fT- 1B. itaBOSS!
ftp..ANSWER.. RE DWJESTS..EDA..-ALOITIONAG...cEARM ATION
cotton. cARcWI7..DE SIGNS, TECAMICRL ADWLCE, TROUBLES
WS... ASSISTANCE ,... 6784... BUT. THOUGA.
PCENeWwAEDGE... INDIVIDUAL .. INQUIRIES,
HAMY. 7, RECEIVE. ALLY... LOMMENTS. 9
RUSGES TIONS. voce sees ae

1b. THOSE 26 Yau ICRI
KO...GIVE... YOU.
CONTENTS.

ISering | STARTER. WN. BKECTRRRIGS..... a
LELESTRICITY...
PUETING. ELESTRICAT.. TOWRA.
A BEK KAR BASICS on an
noe STAN, GOECTRIELTY
MELEETOSCAL .FURRENT.
DIRECT... CURREMET.. GREET HIG.
A ATER METAS. UBRENT. ELECTRIENTS,
MEAS IANS. BO AND.
CP EARCTRLSAL AIRQUITB oan
PuSet WAYS, SEMEL. AND.NOSE
-PLELECTRONAC COMPONENTS.
co AER. CABLE
vee SWITCHES, ceca ene
fo Bee ers.
MOVING, .CaHe, METERS,
Tr eraeHenes.. .And. .SPEAS
ARES TORS.
LA RAFAR.TORS
RESISTOR... AND, CACBCITO8. PLICATIONS
“eOus.
TRANS FORMERS

-fS SEMICONDUCTORS a

THe vrRaN=1sTOR a
B2DkAR... TAANSLETARS .
LDSEEFECT, ..TRANSISTORS..
UNISUNETION, .TRSN SISTAR,
THYRISTOR,

Sucooens ino. eecneers.

oe Beare tol SENUCONDUCTORS.
Sheet .
LOPECAL..c2MEORENT 5
HOW. CONVEX. ERNSES. ..ARE . USED ..
SEMIERMDUCTOR....GAT... SouReES
: LishT.. EMUPTING
wf SeMuconauetoR... AMT. 2
of PRTORESIETIVe.. LAGU... DETECTORS. OM
PM. TuneneM. GWT, 9ETEETARS.
~ PHOTODIONES..
QSOTeTRANSISTER.
Punto avels7ERs——.
cone BOLBR.. SELLE.
|S. INTESRATED...CIRCHITS..
URIGHTAL INTEGRATED. CiRCDITS.
“ae MECSBMICAL... SINGH . GATES.
ce THE. ANARY... COMME:
CDAD BATES
(TRANSISTOR GOTES..
GATE. BIMBO
DRED. MEARS
CH. GATES .. ARE. SED...
Teo G ATION AL, LOGIE. . URSUETS
Co REQUENTINL -- ADEE. EAGUTS
To B ADMEANATISWAL 7 SEGMENTIAL LOEIC St
PG sTRC Te, FAMILIES,
NEAR INTEGRATED. CIRCUITS UOT
THR RODE. LINEAR, IREUT eons +
_OBERATIONBL... AMEKLEERS,
TIERS oc rcee een
JL." Eanes. SENERATORS
TINOLTABE ... REGULATORS
OTEK. HNERE TCs
A. CIRCUIT. ASSEMBLY.
wee TEMBARARY, G2R.CH1TS
J PERMANENT... .01RCUITS
(HOW. TE. SOLDER
PoyiRw G... ELBETREMS . SUREWITS, 7
105 E-ECTRONIC.. CIRCUITS.
109%... SIRCHITS . -
SMALL. SIGKAL DIGDES.. ANN,

ralsde2

cecre BENS, DIO, UREULT Sane eee ool :
Jenn TRANSISTOR... CHREUTS. ene ae -
- BUERLAG. TRANEISTOR . AIREUIES canes _—

FACTCN EET 2000. FQWER MESFET. CUREUITS , , 108.202
fcc cRITUMGTION . TRANSIS“OR. C2ECUI vn oAOB 220,
AVEOTOA...TURGUITS. ua.

Tienes one SER EMRAIT Se pone nen LEO, a
co TRIBE URSLITS, ev suvunneve a Whe

ce BHOREMG, . SBGLATS, een see
HIGHT. ERUZT mA... DI00S.C4EE),_F18QUIT S pares -
Decne SEMMCOMDNRTOR,. ALGHT. DETECTOR, £,ROMITS. 1M 2218 -

DIEHTAL .2@, GROVITS Whe neon

TT LVBCOIES ean ven IMSL ences one =
(98 AIRQMTS. eee ee eee oe AR
. Bn AARCULT 5 at .
OPERATIONAL . AMPLIFIER. Coe-Ani@) SIRLVITS.. AZZ L25. —

ASMPORAEOR ABBAS. a= -
VOUTASE. REGULATOR. cuRewITS
TIMER. SIRO VTS.
ARTE IN
ARTE INL.

AGETTING .5.

ECTRONSCS a
TRvkccoME re HE. weSt2. an Z.ZeTROSNeSy ene aE RATE
Theeaisinia a7 Taba... TEC", F/ELDS.. -BND,.AN .EDUCST ONAL
Joi ESTEE TAINING.. HO@E'. .. mAs. 200k WHE. TAKE...YoY... ERO
rams giecrticry. .Te_ieuids Tears. LE CTROANCS,..ALONG. HE SAY.
(SUL, LOWER. RLECLBIE TH. ELECTRONIC AOMPGNENTS. AKD...STEGRATED «0
hoimevits, (xe. AAPTERS. 2:7. Sema, OW! COHRONENTS.-ALT. EE"
- RE ISES... 1 PERM. BLES Shakerea. 2. Sines PL
na fEGR 106. CLR CUITS 4. BACH. OS. BURLEY DIME. eye Aso. TESTED... Ree
Tapas! GED) xtRauensun AG. 260k. REFER OV, Te RE ATED TOM.
IM FUTLE, CHBPSEAS.CAINE.MeEKIN.G. VERSIONS. 06.~ AAA

ExAteEt
fesReuir5.IN. ChegTeRs. Fr). J. WAPE, YOU FAG TNE. BOOK, USEFL

— BVERTIONSL. WZ. c1aLe x, Buell aig TE,
FURIHER WIN CEVECTRONICS.” - _—
LP HOPE. TS... B0OK._ ENCOURAAE 5..OU,.1D, 68 FURSHAR. IB, SUECTROMLES os

al. BVA GERTING. 2A015.. SHRCES ASEM CSMDMETOR.. REFERENCE.
FHAuDBoOK "AND MENGLUEEMYS. MI ~WOTEEOCK" SERIES. READ ELECTRONIES
AGAZINES, UKE CONPUTERCRATT,, RADIC-EECTRAMCS , YTE.AMD
Yow, MOY. Aso. ssi5ti0 EAB... ELECYROMES. NOTEBAOR.”. A COLUSA
A URITE..EAGH. MONTH FOR, GOMPUTERCRART. MAWY Of THESE, COLUMMS.
Ihave BEEN COMPILED JN A.SERIES. OF GOQKS., INCLUDING THE a
clpORRST. MIMS .CIRCUIT. SCRAPROOK! CMEORAW-ARL, $982). AND ao
HRORREST.. winds ‘ CIRCWIT. SC RAPSOOK TL. CAWARD Wa SANS, 198.42...
Lfvese nooks. DZEeRIee IN MEAN SEVERAA..GR IME GORCGITS — IN. DAS
Iaock AND. MANY. OTRER CIRDJITS... QuESTICNS.2 .. THIS. BOOK ILL ABE
— fans. —J6 eu cant. WIND. ANENEES IM THE... REREENSES...ABSVE,, TRY.
we-[h 6.002 tBEARY... FINDING ANSWERS, MAY. -TAKE..TUHE,. .2UT. -OU'LL LEARW.
Tpiten in coke RRecese...7esnars. SOU Byes. CONSIDER -. ZORMAL
CT PESAUNIN SPOR CAREER. JBL ELE CRROWNE Ses on

oo [ACSBECIAL ROLE “TG EDUCATORS

IWS. BOOK. .ceus....0ME.. YOUR .STIRENTS A. BASIC. .KNGWLEDSE. .OF
[ececrRamcS....YOU..cAN.ASS'GN....TKE..60CK.. FOR, ..OUTSIDE, READING, =
Jamo TEST STHOENTS AS TMEY.. PROSRESS 08. YDU_ CAN DEVELOP
a [Au SOTAL. ..COURSE y. COMPLETE. WITH. DEMONSTRATIONS, EXPERIMENTS.

NO LECTURES. THANKS...TD RAM SAAcK!S... SOLDERLESS... .WIOGKLAR.. ..
2EKETS,...YOUAUD...YOUR ..STUDENTS,, SHDULD 8. ASCE. TO. ASSEMeLe.
EST. .VERSICNS OF. .VIRT/ ALLY. GUERY CIRCUIT. WW. CHAPTER. Lanna
[Cine eerRomuc. Clie INCIDENTALLY... MPLUME.,.. EUYERS. - CABL -
ww (RECEWE....A..PRUCE. DISCOUNT. FROM RADIO. SHACK. ..ON._THLS...BOGK.AND
Ec CrROMNC. COMPONENTS... SEE..THE..bATEST... RAD(O.... SHACK, CATALOG.
[FoR DETAUS.... CERICE ticcauwrs ARE OPTIONAL. AT.RADIO... SHACK,
= --{PERLERS... AND FRANCHISE, STORES.)
aT Ainaer

RE. cH,
RET WEED

Leu mine
SPARS.

ERENCE
Roar.
AN.
ce meEN.
Aue. A
DNA. DEY. BB
GRPSDIY... «. COTA,
ABE. ELECTRICITY,

TEE
our,

BE

Doar =

WO, THOSE WHO. Yn
ewe -RUTE. 18. ME, RBI,

BEncanin .. FRAMKCINY , /RST. You, Resred. av. "2YE! -
PEM URED MIS. WUeTA. ANE, woe en ERUEE... TIS,
FAMOUS... KITE... BXEGE! voce
Doe KEY,
moO. co ee
‘ ast ee .

fe

way mm Mase". free!

poorknas...c8.
HEANER P12 -

o[MSRE'S. A BEAT LQrty. WITHee r,
Tesine RA RSD! OSASE. ONE LEMD... FROM A. NERA
Vanity wmek, AeROST. A WERK PET. kil. MEARIWCHs noo
HAGD.. FoveR SHOES. Ano... -TOWEH. THE. TEGOND,. SEad. FRO
THE veape to A METAL. asieer, THE. eann Wike -
Fodsd (oueese TE. Race TIME. HUMIO)TY. 1a. Aiea)
CouRSE., .YRU "see* eceer@uity! You See.

IEE REERRE.. UPON, BNP. UE... LEON JAC Te, LAS
The. ReFkers. oF Gueer RleiTY, wHieal., eae) SE. SREN....
BRE MANN 0 RERE. ARE... SOME, WORE! °
—LPULTIN.G. ELECTRICITY... TO. WORK.

ALL MATTER. WAS. ELECTRIGSL PROPERTICN. . THAT'S... MMY

SEENTISTS......0¥ER... THE... PAST. WW. CENTURIES. _. HAVE...
[eee AGE. TR INVENT. HUOREDE. OK GADGET S....THAT.
Te eue@ ate... STARE g... AQMTRDL. BRD. SunTEH. ELECTRICLTY.

coo PRES A. DGVIEES HAVE, COMBINED... 68RRY.2S. INTE os

ie
hae ‘ode
faces. TTT
peer eta ho eer
iwi ito rarter
our ow woaes.. wir
binese ANS Hheeraanve PAR

lone. EecerRee
TT feaers. wees... ao

AMD. £IRQINS) SWF

ABEAD TR. SHAPTER

Yoon REAR - AW, ws. MME Yo HAVE,

7D, USE. THEN |_IN ME, G8 SURE.TO.

WokKins. LORS TROL. eons BO. BER AE, REST.

conf IROUITS a IRB et PE RIS —BNAPTE RA on
fisHn RASHERS,

Sores Le

ELECTRICITY.

iat wie

5, wo MAV'EL REARM..., SOCDE
AMPUEUERS., LSITAL 0600 2. BASIC FACTS. ABOUT on
BACK..TO. BASICS _ a

lEvecr@icrty.. 1S. aN)ESSENTIAL._INGRE!
FE S255.....WAY...TD _.UNDERSTAN®....THE, NATURE ..oF. -
15. To EXAMINE. . THE... SMALLEST... COMPONENT. 95. EVER
SUSMENT 4. THE. ATOM. -

NUCLEOS.. Thi IRA
PROTONS, AND... ATOM orn THE,

NEUTRONS)... SIM AEST... ATOM.
WYOROGED. AND. MELIDM y.
GT. ATOMS HAVE.
3 ELECTRONS THAT

TENSIESLE...... NURGEUS..
GE 3. PROTONS AND...

efinon Sogn 4. NEUTRONS. .

@ELECTACNS. HAVE. NEGATIVE. ECECTRICAL. CHARGE.
3 Motows... MAVE...A.. Poste... SLECTRICAL SHARGE,. -
© MEMTRONS..HAVE...SO SGERTRISAG... CHARGE.

Hl
|
i
|
ai
|
I
i
i

VA Tam'S Nee mace yew.
Varo BAS. As Zoude NUMER
Lof .. ECESTRONS...AND. EROTENS...-
TIME .eMARGES... RAMCER.TP,
ewe. ThE. ATOM... 0 WET nen
ELECT AIOE CHARGE. | 13's. -
Possess... WSLODGE. AE...

tn ORE ACECTEODS, ERAM. woe mn neeeuerronereon on i
NEST. .ATOMS,. THIS... CAUSES
iqye Aron To Have A. Nex
POSITIVE. .CHARGS... it's THEO.
CALLED A ROSETLEE Qe AE
ASTRAY... BLEOTEON.. CEMEINES.
iwi. AL NORMAL. iran, THE
jATOM. . #AS...A... MET... NEGATIVE
LCNARSE ANO 15, SACKED. A,
QECATIVE . JON. : :

'D ELECTRONS ~ age ELecTRoNs..
1CAN Mave. ar. alee SEEO..

| TAROOSH, METALS, GASES. ANR
RVAGDUM, .., OR. THEY. GaN

REST. ON. A. SURFACE.

8 ,
|
|G Moge ABouT._ FREE. .6LECTRON S— MANY..TRIELIONS

lor RLeeTRONS...CAw....REST...0n.. A . SUREACE...OR TRAVEC
~ [te doeH SPACE. ...O8. MATTER... AT. NEAR. THE... SSEED
TToe Meir. (42e, 000. MES...PeR.. SELON JT .

TELEC TRONS. =

‘A. EROUe .. oF. NEGATIVE. €cEoréoNS.

SURFACE... SAUSES.....THE...SUREACE ....10,. BE...NEGA TIVELY
LT VignaRGeb Sivek tae. ELECERONS. ABE. HOT. MOVIN Gy. THE
|"Suntace.. GAs..82...54/0....10 .AAVE..A.. NEGATIVE... STATIC...

[Ergcricat.GMaRee. .
ELECTRONS = A. STREAM. OF. MONG. £2 crRONS.

[TT avssine. zteeraon.
ARE Deo

SWE. Eee ree

Bnd. . ELECTRICAL.

TT ELE TRON Rae

SuBSeN.

“CORMAN. ELECTR ICA. CURRENT... 12. PLASED.
ELUST ER on BE POSITIVE... AOMS,. 0 THE. PES ITIVELY.
1S... WE ATTRACT... THE... ELECTROMS.....WMICH...
DN Tan tl nn THE MOLES 4 OR MOIBS:
BY. TRE... 0ISSING . BLECTROAS. 0.

SR) ececr on.

We cnauleae. FRICTION. eigHT . MEAT
PRA -CA#miGaL., REACTION... AY. REMOVE. ELERTAOUS,..FROM
TTa Tsuabace, THis... CAUSES... THE. RUREAGE TD EE POSE
THELY.—ABARGER.. ..SIMEE....THE.POSUMNELY.. CHARGED... ATOES
ARE AT -REST, THE... SUEPACE.....CAd...8E.. 3810, TO HAVE
[a.. SUTWE... STATIS ~ -GECTBLEAL ... SAREE.
ye ve
a
eestrive 2005
yee 200 TIVE.
SvaTiC. e662
“TRigAL.. SAREE

ae

RESTING . MECTRANS...
HELE TRONS. Chom. Vouk... MALE .. TD, THE... E008... RUB A GLAST

[You...cAW.. ELECTRIAY..08. SHALE. MBYY . MATERIALS... 6. .L06BING.

| STATIC.. ELECTRICITY.

lou. GEMERATE STATIC. RLERTRW\TY. EVERY. TIME .You.
WALK ACROSS... A.SARBET,.— PULL. TAPE... FROM... ROR y
[Remove..NeuR CLOTHING "OR. .DRY...CLOTHES...[Al-. AL. ORIER.
clive. “OR TAS. Te vou Deut EVEN . ASAREE. IT. UNEESS
fis Ala 45. bay. Abad... TUE RTAYIO. CHARGE. SUDDE WL.
-\etaekees, FaRS.ANO.FLASHES ITS. WAY. TD..A-NEW. HOE
[THESE STATIC.CHARGES,...ARE.cAVSER. BY. ECHANICAL
ARISTON... BACK 100d. B.C, THALES._.08 GABECE...BMAER
PeNrED..! Gund THE. STAT WC. ELE STRICITY,. PRODUCED. He
SMGER.W1S,-.RUGRED.. ITM. WOQi.

IO. AMBER. ONGE...RoN A TIME
BAR. SLOWING. paces. TREES... f
Eneoanens ice scan ocesew” {”
Ronuaws vince eee Eieetanacy |
unio. i Tae. 2ston. Steere,
hres. nondaneh oes sneak
Ine" sven aap ceroncne. bed

ANS. XEN. DRORETS.. OF WATERS
fe io oe nmrusa casts

[eseben es tied
fnew carrancss ira co, Dent

Shot

=| FAueus FACT. eLeerROW.
GR MAGLED. APTER. THE GREEK
[wero Fee, Ansee !

OLE LECT erieh...PLAST/S.. AND... GLASS =. QUN). A MASTR OOH
SUROUGH... YU. HAIR..CAL.A.DRY.. DAY . AND. Youth... TRANSEER.
ROR. aITR..SICR OR TAS SWAITHSTIC.. FIBERS... OF A ..PAWT... BUSH.
Jan YeU'AL REcnue. ELECTRONS... ERGmt THE. GANS... GETH. THE.
NEGATIVELY. ...CHARGED...COMB... AND. THE... POSITIVELY... CHARGED.
LASS. ROO.Wnty. LIKE. RUBE. ATTRAGT.... GIS, Of, PAPER

THEM... WITH, OR. 4.. Wed, ETE. . METPL?, NOy THE, ..CHARGE , LEAKS, AA.

LOE CAETER.“Sstoninss ase). GLASS BoD CavgEcd with tek).

Ne ROSIE om
fv oe PROB roc

NEGATE,
enance