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Getting on in English (intermediate) Спілкуємося англійською мовою (середній рівень) Видання четверте (доповнене і розширене) Затверджено Міністерством освіти і науки України як підручник для студентів вищих навчальних закладів Львів Видавництво “Растр-7” 2011 УДК 811.111 (075.8) ББК - 81.2 Англія 73 Затверджено Міністерством освіти і науки України як підручник для студентів вищих навчальних закладів (Лист N9 1.4/18 -Г -1463.1 від 5. 09. 2007р.) Рецензенти: Кияк Тарас Романович, доктор філологічних наук, професор, завідувач кафедри теорії та практики перекладу з німецької мови Київського національного універ ситету імені Тараса Шевченка; Помірно Роман Семенович, доктор філологічних наук, професор, завідувач кафедри французької філології .Львівського Національного університету імені Івана Франка; Андрейчук Надія Іванівна, кандидат філологічних наук, доцент, завідувачка кафедри прикладної лінгвістики Національного університету “.Львівська політехніка”; Бик Ігор Степанович, кандидат філологічних наук, доцент, завідувач кафедри іноземних мов факультету міжнародних відносин ЛНУ ім. їв. Франка; Спілкуємося англійською мовою (середній рівень) (За редакцією І. Байбакової, О. Гасько, М. Федоришина). Видання четверте (доповнене і розширене). Підручник. - Львів: Видавництво „Растр-7”, 2011. - 276 с. ISBN 978-966-2004-59-5 Автори: Байбакова І.М., Балацька Л.П., Барабаш О.В., Бусько М.Б., Василик С.В., Вдовін В.В., Вислободська І.М., Водарська Н.М., Гасько О.Л., Головко Н.П., Запотічна М.І., Ільницька Л.В., Ільчишин Н.М., Казимира З.І., Ключков- ська І.М., КравецьС.Ф., Лінник-Паммер Л.В., Магдач З.Т., Мазур О.П., Миськів І.С., Морська Н.О., Мукан Н.В., Олексів Г.Д., Павленко М.І., Па- річник Г.П., Пастирська І. Я., Підлісецька Л.Б., Савенко О.М., Сасенюк Ю.В., Федоришин М.С., Хім’як Г.М., Ярема О.В., Яремко Г.В. Підручник призначений для вищих навчальних закладів України, які здійснюють підготовку фахівців з різних спеціальностей. Укладачами підручника враховані загальноєвропейські рекомендації з мовної освіти, щодо поліпшення рівня професійного спілкування іноземною мовою. Підручник складається з шести частин: “Професія інженера”, “Лабораторія”, “Українські імена у світовій науці”, “Науково- дослідна робота студентів”, “На науковій конференції*”, “Професійна етика”. ISBN 978-966-2004-59-5 ©Видавництво „Растр-7”,2011 UNIT 1. ENGINEERING PROFESSION Task 1.1. Discuss the following questions in small teams, write down all the ideas, and present them to the whole group after the discussion: a) Why have you chosen this speciality? b) What do you know about the history of your institute / department? c) What can you say about the staff of your institute and subjects taught at it? d) What can you say about academic facilities at your institute? e) What do you know about the development of science you major in and the most famous people who greatly contributed to this development? f) Speak about advantages and disadvantages of work in the branch of industry you are going to work for. Task 1.2. Listen to the text “Some Problems of Higher Education” and answer the following questions: 1. What kinds of discrimination existed in educational system during its history? 2. Why were numerous higher technical schools being established during the 20th century? 3. What main problems do graduates face immediately after graduating from a higher school? 4. What can a higher school do for the enterprise it co-operates with? 5. What does an active attitude towards studying mean? 6. What does a graduate need in order to make a brilliant career (according to this text)? 4 UnitI Task 1.3. Memorise the essential vocabulary to the topic ‘‘Engineering Profession”, and translate the sentences containing it: 1. accommodate smth. to - пристосовувати - to adapt, adjust, change a plan so that it fits with smth. else, e.g. I will accommodate my plans to yours. 2. apply - 1 .застосовувати, 2.звертатись до, подати заяву- l.to use, utilize, make practical use of , 2.to request, e.g. Doing the research, one should apply theoretical knowledge to practice. Has he applied for this job? application - 1.застосування, 2.заява - 1 .making practical use of, 2.formal request, e.g. Тіге application of harmful production technologies should be banned. Your application has not been considered yet. 3. apprenticeship - учнівство, навчання професії - time of being an apprentice, e.g. Craftsmen learned their skills through apprenticeship. apprentice - учень - a person learning a craft, e.g. The apprentice is as skilled as the master. 4. be based on - базуватися - use as a basis for, e.g. Scientific discoveries are usually based on thorough investigation. 5. be concerned with - мати справу з, бути пов’язаним з - have relation to, be busy with, e.g. This work is concerned with various kinds of computing machines. 6. craftsman - майстер, ремісник - a person skilled in a craft; handy man, e.g. A successful engineer should be both a craftsman and a scientist. 7. create - творити, створювати - bring into existence; make smth. new or original, e.g. This department has created favourable conditions for experimental work. creative - творчий - having power to create, e.g. An engineer must possess creative and imaginative nature. 8. customer - клієнт, покупець - a shop’s or firm’s customers are the people who buy its goods, e.g. They install the equipment on the customer's premises. 9. current - струм - flow of electricity, e.g. The current is cut off. current (adj.) - сучасний, поточний - belonging to the present time; contemporary, latest, up-to-date, e.g. You should make a report on your current research work. 10. deal with - мати справу, стосуватися, справлятися - take action about; be about or concerned with; do business with, e.g. That man is easy to deal with. How shall we deal with this problem? Engineering profession 5 11. do without - обходитися - manage without, e.g. Nowadays it is not possible to do without computers. 12. design - проектувати, планувати - prepare a sketch, plan, etc.; set apart, intend, plan, e.g. He designs engines for a large car manufacturing company. 13. distribute - розподіляти - to divide smth. and share it out among a number of people; to put into groups or classes, e.g. Organizers plan to distribute posters and leaflets. 14. efficiency ефективність- state or quality of being efficient, e.g. High level of efficiency is required in any kind of work. efficient - ефективний - capable of doing smth. well without wasting time or. energy, e.g. This method is considered to be most efficient. 15. equip обладнувати, забезпечувати - to provide with, e.g. Students are to be equipped with skills and knowledge within their specialisation. equipment - обладнання - .all the things needed or used for a particular job or activity, e.g. Here students learn how to handle modem equipment. 16. employ - наймати - to hire, engage, e.g. The company employs eighteen staff. employment - забезпечення роботою, зайнятість, працевлаштування - employing or being employed; one’s regular work or occupation, e.g. Our graduates will not have problems with employment. employer - працедавець- a person who employs others; e.g. A successful employer involves employees in discussing problems and generating ideas for their solution. employee - службовець - a person who is employed; 17. ensure - забезпечувати, гарантувати - to make certain of getting or achieving, e.g. This university ensures to its undergraduates the practical training at industrial enteiprises. 18. extensive - широкий, просторий - great in scope // covering a wide area, e.g. Extensive research has been done in this field of science. 19. experience - досвід - the knowledge, skill or feeling obtained through direct impressions or practice, e.g. In most cases, applicants for a job are required to have previous professional experience. experienced - досвідчений - possessing skills or knowledge because of having done something for a long time, e.g. Experienced and qualified specialists are always in great demand. 20. include - охоплювати - to comprise or contain as a part of a whole, e.g. The course of programming includes both lectures and practical classes. 21. increase - збільшувати - to become greater in size, amount, number, value, degree etc., e.g. Automation of production processes increases labour productivity. Unit 1 22. invent - винаходити - to devise, originate (a new device, method etc.) e.g. Morse invented the telegraph. invention - винахід - something invented, e.g. Invention of the wheel is one of the greatest achievements of mankind. inventor - винахідник - the one who has invented something, e.g. Inventors register their inventions in the Patent Office. inventive - винахідливий - able to generate new, different or interesting ideas, e.g. An engineer must be inventive. 23. involve - включати в себе, залучати до - to include, concern, e.g. Students are involved in research work. 24. install - встановлювати, монтувати - to set in position for use, e.g. Several new computers were installed in this study-room last month. installation - установка - the act of fitting a piece of equipment somewhere, e.g. The installation of a new device took much efforts and time. 25. level - рівень - a position in a scale of importance; a relative position in respect to some norm in a scale of estimating, e.g. This higher educational establishment is famous for its high teaching level. 26. manage to do - змогти зробити, вдається зробити - to succeed in accom plishing or handling, but with difficulty, e.g. How did you manage to fulfill this task in such a short period of time? 27. manufacture - виробляти - to make things on a large scale by hand or ma chine or both, e.g. They started manufacturing a wider range of goods. manufacturing - виробництво, виробничий - the process or business of pro ducing goods in factories, e.g. Computers are widely used at manufacturing enterprises. 28. occupation - заняття, фах, рід занять - an activity by which one earns one’s living or fills one’s time, e.g. You should be very thoughtful choosing your future occupation. 29. opportunity - слушна нагода, сприятлива можливість - a set of circumstances providing a chance or possibility, e. g. Will you have an opportunity to use a computer? 30. point of view - точка зору - someone’s own personal opinion or attitude about something, e.g. There exist different points of view on the utilization of atomic energy. 31. produce - виробляти - manufacture, e.g. The factory produces 100 cars a week. production - виробництво - the process of making or growing things to be sold as products, or the amount that is produced, e.g. Production of these goods has increased lately. 32. prospects (pi) - плани на майбутнє, перспективи - chances of future success, e.g. He has excellent prospects for a successful career in radio engineering. Engineering profession 1 33. research - дослідження - serious study of a subject, that is intended to discover, e.g. He is doing research in the field of microelectronics. 34. require - вимагати- to need something, e.g. More experimental data are required. requirement - вимога - something that is needed or asked for, e.g. What are the requirements to performing this work? meet requirements - відповідати вимогам e.g. This work meets all the requirements. 35. science - наука - knowledge about the world especially based on examination and testing, and facts that can be proved, e.g. Third-year students study special subjects in their field of science. scientific -науковий - about or connected with science, or using its methods, e.g. Students should be able to read scientific literature in foreign languages. scientist - вчений - someone who works or is trained in science, e.g. Ukrainian scientists are known all over the world. 36. source - джерело - a thing, place, activity etc. that you get something from, e.g. ш Books are a source of wisdom and knowledge. 31. skill - майстерність, вміння, навик - an ability to do something well, e.g. In the past craftsmen learned their skills through apprenticeship. skillful - майстерний -, e.g. This device requires skillful handling. 38. train - виховувати, навчати, готувати, готуватися - to teach someone or be taught the skills of a particular job or activity, e.g. "Lviv Polytechnic" trains highly qualified engineers. training - підготовка - the process of teaching someone, e.g. This institute gives training in electronics. 39. vocation - професія - any trade, profession or occupation, e.g. What is your vocation? vocational - професійний —, e.g. Before entering the university, he finished a technical vocational school. Task 1.4. Complete the words to match the definitions given: 1. time of being an apprentice a_t______p 2. to divide smth. and share it out among a number of ! d t u people — ------------ - 3. a person who employs others e________r 8 Unit 1 4. chances of future success _r________s 5. any trade, profession or occupation v_____і___ 6. a person skilled in a craft _ r____m 7. state or quality of being efficient _f---------------У Task 1.5. Match the following words with their definitions: 1. to apply a) to produce things on a large scale 2. current b) an ability to do smth. well 3. to manufacture c) the act of fitting the piece of equipment 4. occupation d) flow of electricity 5. point of view e) things needed or used for a particular job or activity 6. skill f) knowledge, skills obtained through practice • 7. equipment g) someone’s personal opinion 8. installation h) to make practical use of 9. experience i) serious study of a subject 10. research j) an activity by which one earns one’s living Task 1.6. Match each word in section A with one of a similar meaning in section B: A В 1 experienced a) administration . 2. management b) to increase 3. to employ c) profession 4. to enhance d) to contain 5. manufacture e) practiced 6. research f) to fix 7. vocation g) production 8. advanced h) progressive 9. to include i) investigation 10. to install j) to hire 1.7.Match each word in section A with one of anopposite meaning in section B: A В 1 an apprentice a) limited . 2. to create b) clumsy 3. an employee c) inefficient 4. extensive d) to decrease 5. to manage to do smth. e) an employer 6. skillful. f) to dismantle Engineering profession 7. to increase g) unemployment 8. to install h) a master 9. efficient i) to fail to do smth. 10. employment j) to destroy Task 1.8. Form the derivative words using the following suffixes and translate them: -ion (-tion, -ation) : create, distribute, produce, invent, install, accommodate; -ment: involve, develop, employ, require, equip, manage; -er(or): create, design, deal, manufacture, train, use, employ, manage, research; -al: education, profession, vocation; -ly: creative, current, efficient, extensive, scientific, skillful. Task 1.9. Do the crossword puzzle, translating the following words into English: Across Down 1 майстер, ремісник 20 винаходити 2 майстерність, вміння, навик 21 збільшувати 3 вчений, науковець 22 наука 4 виробляти 23 вимагати 5 широкий 24 професія 6 учнівство 25 ДОСВІД 7 заняття, фах 26 наймати 8 дослідження 27 слушна нагода 9 включати в себе, залучати 28 струм 10 ефективний 29 виховувати 11 охоплювати ЗО джерело 12 встановлювати 31 перспективи 13 забезпечувати 14 виробляти 15 ефективність 16 розподіляти 17 обладнувати 18 виробляти 19 пристосовувати