GeoSpatial Visual Analytics: Geographical Information Processing and Visual Analytics for Environmental Security

492 Pages·2009·22.87 MB·English

by  Uwe Jasnoch (auth.)

GeoSpatial Visual Analytics
NATO Science for Peace and Security Series
This Series presents the results of scientific meetings supported under the NATO
Programme: Science for Peace and Security (SPS).
The NATO SPS Programme supports meetings in the following Key Priority areas: (1)
Defence Against Terrorism; (2) Countering other Threats to Security and (3)NATO, Partner
and Mediterranean Dialogue Country Priorities. The types of meeting supported are
generally "Advanced Study Institutes" and "Advanced Research Workshops". The NATO
SPS Series collects together the results of these meetings.The meetings are co-
organized by scientists from NATO countries and scientists from NATO's "Partner" or
"Mediterranean Dialogue" countries.The observations and recommendations made at
the meetings, as well as the contents of the volumes in the Series, reflect those of parti-
cipants and contributors only;they should not necessarily be regarded as reflecting NATO
views or policy.
Advanced Study Institutes (ASI) are high-level tutorial courses intended to convey the
latest developments in a subject to an advanced-level audience
Advanced Research Workshops (ARW) are expert meetings where an intense but
informal exchange of views at the frontiers of a subject aims at identifying directions for
future action
Following a transformation of the programme in 2006 the Series has been re-named and
re-organised. Recent volumes on topics not related to security, which result from meetings
supported under the programme earlier, may be found in the NATO Science Series.
The Series is published by IOS Press, Amsterdam, and Springer, Dordrecht, in conjunction
with the NATO Public Diplomacy Division.
Sub-Series
A. Chemistry and Biology Springer
B. Physics and Biophysics Springer
C. Environmental Security Springer
D. Information and Communication Security IOS Press
E. Human and Societal Dynamics IOS Press
http://www.nato.int/science
http://www.springer.com
http://www.iospress.nl
Series C:Environmental Security
GeoSpatial Visual Analytics
Geographical Information Processing and Visual
Analytics for Environmental Security
edited by
Raffaele De Amicis
Fondazione GraphiTech
Center for Advanced Computer Graphics Technologies
Trento, Italy
Radovan Stojanovic
University of Montenegro
Podgorica, Montenegro
and
Giuseppe Conti
Fondazione GraphiTech
Center for Advanced Computer Graphics Technologies
Trento, Italy
Published in cooperation with NATO Public Diplomacy Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Geographical Information Processing and Visual Analytics for Environmental
Security
Trento, Italy
13–17 October 2008
Library of Congress Control Number: 2009929395
ISBN 978-90-481-2898-3 (PB)
ISBN 978-90-481-2897-6 (HB)
ISBN 978-90-481-2899 -0 (e-book)
Published by Springer,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AADordrecht, The Netherlands.
www.springer.com
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2009
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
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CONTENTS
Foreword/Introduction ix
Spatial Data Infrastructures 1
A Showcase of Spatial Data Infrastructures and Related
Technologies 3
Uwe Jasnoch
Towards Interoperable Environmental Security Applications
– the Role of Open Geospatial Service Platform 15
Thomas Usländer
Signal and Data Processing 29
Sorting Spatial Data by Spatial Occupancy 31
Hanan Samet
GIS Model Applications for Sustainable Development and
Environmental Planning at the Regional Level 45
Joerg Schaller and Cristina Mattos
Application of Neural Networks in Image Processing
and Visualization 59
Paul Dan Cristea
Data Processing for Heavy Metals Accumulation in Urban Areas 73
Dragana Đorđević
A Multi-Criteria Decision Making Conceptual Approach to Optimal
Landfill Monitoring 85
Ana M. Lazarevska, Nicole Fischer, Andreas Haarstrick
and Kai Münnich
Environmental Protection and Industry: Parameters Necessary
for Environmentally Related Decision Making 97
Aleksandar Nošpal and Ana M. Lazarevska
Time-Frequency Analysis for SAR and ISAR Imaging 113
Igor Djurović, Ljubiša Stanković, Vesna Popović,
Miloš Daković and Thayananthan Thayaparan
Processing of Multichannel Remote Sensing Data for Environment
Monitoring 129
Vladimir Lukin

v
vi CONTENTS
Earth Observation and Remote Sensing 139
Exploiting Earth Observation Missions: Opportunities
and Issues in Ground Segment Interfaces Harmonization 141
Pier Giorgio Marchetti
Data Filtering and Data Fusion in Remote Sensing Systems 155
Jan Ochodnicky
Soil Mapper® Multi-Sensor and Multi-Temporal Applications
for Semantic-Based Image Information Mining 167
Simone Mantovani, Stefano Natali and Andrea Baraldi
Cooperative Decentralization: A New Way to Build an Added Value
Chain with Shared Multi-Resolution Satellite and Aerial
Imagery and GeoInformation 177
Guillermo Villa
Cosmo/Skymed to Support MGCP Mapping 187
Antonio Saitto, Alissa Ioannone and Gian Luca Eusebi Borzelli
Scientific Visualization 197
Visual Processing of Geographic and Environmental Information
in the Basque Country: Two Basque Case Studies 199
Alvaro Segura, Aitor Moreno, Igor García, Naiara Aginako,
Mikel Labayen, Jorge Posada, Jose Antonio Aranda and
Rubén García De Andoin
Dynamic Terrains: Cities and Real-Time Video on Gigantic
Terrain Models 209
Carlos Andújar, Pere Brunet and José Diaz
Digital Terrain Models: A Tool for Establishing Reliable
and Qualitative Environmental Control Processes 215
Yerach Doytsher, Sagi Dalyot and Yaron Katzil
Advanced Clustering Analysis for Environmental Indicators 235
Ido A. Iurgel and Maribel Yasmina Santos
SOKNOS – An Interactive Visual Emergency Management
Framework 251
Sebastian Döweling, Florian Probst, Thomas Ziegert
and Knut Manske
CONTENTS vii
Visual Analytics 263
GeoSpatial Visual Analytics 265
Raffaele De Amicis, Giuseppe Conti, Stefano Piffer
and Bruno Simões
GIS & Visual Analytics on Grid Technology 287
Marc Bonazountas, Sotirios Kanellopoulos, Joerg Schaller
Despina Kallidromitou and Giacomo Martirano
Visual Analytics for the Strategic Decision Making Process 299
Jörn Kohlhammer, Thorsten May and Marcus Hoffmann
Visual Analysis of Public Discourse on Environmental Issues 311
Wolfgang Kienreich
Exploring Environmental News Via Geospatial Interfaces
and Virtual Globes 321
Arno Scharl
Spatio-Temporal Visualization for Environmental Decision Support 331
Budhendra Bhaduri, Mallikarjun Shankar, Alexandre Sorokine
and Auroop Ganguly
Virtual Worlds and Spinning Globes 343
Application of Virtual Worlds to Environmental Security 345
William B. Gail
Geographic Information Processing: Standards-Based Open Source
Visualization Technology for Environmental Understanding 357
Patrick Hogan, Tom Gaskins, World Wind Development Team
and World-Wide Open Source Community
SkylineGlobe: 3D Web GIS Solutions for Environmental
Security and Crisis Management 363
Andrea Deiana
Continental, National Regional, Local Experiences – Case Studies 375
The Challenge of a Spatial Data Infrastructure for the
Mediterranean Islands 377
Giacomo Martirano, Marc Bonazountas and Vittorio Gagliardi
A Distributed Real-Time Monitoring System for Landslide
Hazard and Risk Assessment 387
Salvatore Gabriele, Gaetano D’Aquila and Francesco
Chiaravalloti
viii CONTENTS
Validity of Drastic and SI Vulnerability Methods 395
Mohamed Hafedh Hamza and Ayed Added
Environmental Security and Pastoralism 409
Peppino Stefano Disperati, Jeanette Van De Steeg, Paulo Van
Bruegel and Mario Herrero
Investigation Processes at the Kato Souli Basin 425
Andreas Tzanis, Stylianos Chailas, Charalampos Kranis, Pavlos
Sotiropoulos, P. Karmis and Anastasios Koumoutsakos
Estimate of Soil Erosion in Jordan by Using GIS 439
Mu’taz Mohammad Al-Alawi and Mahmoud Ahmed Abujamous
Data Access for Environment Protection and Economic
Development 451
Pavel Vaniš
Remote and in Situ Sensing for Dike Monitoring: The Ijkdijk
Experience 465
Nico Pals, Arnout De Vries, Arnoud De Jong and Erik Boertjes
Political, Economical and Social Factors in the Protection
of the Environment 477
Environmental Protection Vs. Eco & Environmental Terrorism:
Threats, Impact and Contingency Plans 479
Doron Elhanani
Geopolitics and Environmental Security 491
Vladimir A. Krivilev
Illegal Trafficking of Waste in the Light of National and International
Legislation 499
Massimo Contri
FOREWORD/INTRODUCTION
Access, distribution and processing of Geographic Information (GI) are basic
preconditions to support strategic environmental decision-making. The
heterogeneity of information on the environment today available is driving
a wide number of initiatives, on both sides of the Atlantic, all advocating
both the strategic role of proper management and processing of environment-
related data as well as the importance of harmonized IT infrastructures
designed to better monitor and manage the environment.
The extremely wide range of often multidimensional environmental
information made available at the global scale poses a great challenge to
technologists and scientists to find extremely sophisticated yet effective
ways to provide access to relevant data patterns within such a vast and
highly dynamic information flow.
In the past years the domain of 3D scientific visualization has developed
several solutions designed for operators requiring to access results of a
simulation through the use of 3D visualization that could support the
understanding of an evolving phenomenon. However 3D data visualization
alone does not provide model and hypothesis-making neither it provide
tools to validate results. In order overcome this shortcoming, in recent years
scientists have developed a discipline that combines the benefits of data
mining and information visualization, which is often referred to as Visual
Analytics (VA).
This book addresses the specific vertical domain of VA related to the
access, management, processing of Geographical Information (GI), called
GeoVisual Analytics, presenting the top issues emerged during the NATO
Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on “Geographical Information
Processing and Visual Analytics for Environmental Security”. The event,
which took place in Trento (Italy) from 13 to 17 October 2008, provided the
unique opportunity to focus on environmental issues from the regulations,
technological as well as scientific point of view, involved in the access and
processing of GI to increase environmental security.
This book illustrates a the top issues emerged during the event, which
gathered more than 50 top experts worldwide with different expertise in
disciplines ranging from Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Visual
Analytics (VA), disaster management, politics, computer visualization,
environmental monitoring, data processing and remote sensing. The event
was also joined by representatives from regional and national authorities
from NATO Countries as well as from NATO Partner or Mediterranean
Dialogue countries.
ix
x FOREWORD/INTRODUCTION
The main goal of this volume is to pin-point critical issues, to define a
priority list to be addressed by the research agenda as well as to put forward
recommendations and guidelines. The resulting volume tackles a wide
range of application domains, all relevant to environmental security, it
highlights current industrial trends, technological requirements and, last but
not least, possible emerging market interests.
The book reflects the dual nature of the event in that it presents the
current state of art and it highlights new research trends and technologies.
The volume identifies a set of guidelines to deploy a new generation of
computational tools capable of providing better environmental security.
The volume is articulated into five macro sections each result of a specific
topic targeted by the ARW, focusing on a different specific horizontal
issues of interest for the theme of environmental security:
1. The importance of harmonization of environmental data access and
processing.
2. The role of GI-based technologies for a sustainable development and
protection of the environment.
3. Advanced Interactive Visualization and Analysis for environmental
security.
4. International, regional and national legal frameworks and constraints.
5. Political, economical and social factors in the protection of the
environment.