Geosciences and Water Resources: Environmental Data Modeling

333 Pages·1997·18.218 MB·English

by  Michel Barnier (auth.), Dr. Claude Bardinet, Dr. Jean-Jacques Royer (eds.)

Data and Knowledge in a Changing World
Scientific Editorial Board
D. Abir (Israel) E. Fluck (Germany)
M. Chinnery (USA) A.S. Kolaskar (India)
J. Crease (U.K.) K.W. Reynard (U.K.)
J.-E. Dubois (France) J.H. Westbrook (USA)
Corresponding Members
M. Antoninetti (Italy) P. Masclet (France)
M. Attimonelli (Italy) J.c. Menaut (France)
C. Bardinet (France) B. Messabih (Algeria)
C. Bernard (France) P. Mezey (Canada)
H. Bestougeff (France) F. Murtagh (Germany)
Y. Bienvenu (France) G. Ostberg (Sweden)
F.A. Bisby (U.K.) W. Pillman (Austria)
L. Blaine (USA) J.R. Rodgers (Canada)
G. Blake (France) S.F. Rossouw (South Africa)
J.P. Caliste (France) J.J. Royer (France)
E.R. Cohen (USA) J. Rumble (USA)
M.-T. Cohen-Adad (France) S.K. Saxema (Sweden)
A.-F. Cutting-Decelle (France) R. Sinding-Larsen (Norway)
M. Delamar (France) R.J. Simpson (Australia)
J.-L. Delcroix (France) N. Swindells (U.K.)
R. Eckermann (Germany) M. Tasumi (Japan)
G. Gabert (Germany) B.N. Taylor (USA)
N. Gershon (USA) J. Thiemann (USA)
E.R. Hilf (Germany) A. Truyol (France)
S. Iwata (Japan) A. Tsugita (Japan)
J.G. Kaufman (USA) P. Uhlir (USA)
H. Kehiaian (France) F. Webster (USA)
A.D. Kozlov (Russia) E.F. Westrum (USA)
F.A. Kuznetsov (Russia) G. Wood (Canada)
H. Lalieu (Netherlands) Z. Xu (China)
D. Lide (USA)
Springer
Berlin
Heidelberg
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Santa Clara
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Tokyo
C. Bardinet . J.-J. Royer
(Eds.)
Geosciences and
Water Resources:
Environmental
Data Modeling
With 95 Figures and 35 Tables
i
Springer
CODATA Secretariat
Phyllis Glaeser, Exec. Director
51, Boulevard de Montmorency
F -75016 Paris
Editors:
Dr. Claude Bardinet Dr. Jean-Jacques Royer
B.N.S CNRS-CRPG
45, rue d'Ulm IS, rue ND des Pauvres, B.P. 20
75230 Paris Cedex 05 54501 Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy Cede x
France France
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ISBN-13:978-3-642-64483-2 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York
Cataloging-in-publication Data applied for
Die Deutsche Bibliothek - Cip-Einheitsaufnahme
Geosciences and water resources: environmental data modeling; with 35 tables /
ICSU CODATA. C. Bardinet; J.-J. Royer (ed.). -Berlin; Heidelberg; New York;
Barcelona; Budapest; Hong Kong; London; Milan; Paris, Santa Clara; Sigapore ; Tokyo:
Springer, 1997
(Data and knowledge in a changingwor/d)
ISBN-13:978-3-642-64483-2 e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-60627-4
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-60627-4
NE: Bardinet, Claude [Hrsg.J; International Council of Scientific Unions I Committee on Data
for Science and Technology
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FOREWORD
This volume contains selected up-to-date professional papers prepared by
specialists from various disciplines related to geosciences and water resources.
Thirty papers discuss different aspects of environmental data modeling. It provides
a forum bringing together contributions, both theoretical and applied, with special
attention to Water in Ecosystems, Global Atmospheric Evolution, Space and Earth
Remote Sensing, Regional Environmental Changes, Accessing Geoenvironmental
Data and Ecotoxicological Issues.
"Geosciences and Water Resources: Environmental Data Modeling" is now the
fourth volume in the Series "Data and Knowledge in a Changing World".
Launched by CODATA after the 14th International Conference of the Committee
on Data for Sciences and Technology, in Chambery, the purpose of this new Series
is to collect from widely varying fields a wealth of information pertaining to the
intelligent exploitation of data in science and technology and to make that
information available to a multidisciplinary community.
The present series encompasses a broad range of contributions, including
computer-related handling and visualization of data, to the major scientific, tech
nical, medical and social fields. The titles of the previous published volumes are:
The Information Revolution: Impact on Science and Technology.
Modeling Complex Data for Creating Information.
Industrial Information and Design Issues.
These titles, edited by 1. -E. Dubois and N. Gershon, demonstrate the objectives of
the series on Data and Knowledge which is open to contributions of various kinds,
namely those defined by E. Fluck:
fostering the improvement, not only of the quality and accessibility of
quantitative and qualitative data, but of the classical and ground
breaking methods by which numeric and symbolic data are acquired,
analyzed and managed;
VI Introduction to the Series
presenting new data and knowledge interfaces designed to optimize
interoperability and thereby increase the potential of sharing data
among databases and networks;
• intensifying international cooperation in communication and data
sharing. This implies work dealing with standardization, data quality
agreements and conceptual data descriptions (metadata, syntactic and
semantic approaches), the evolution of Internet-based facilities, other
forms of worldwide communications and electronic publishing;
developing creative designs in the field of engineering, including
cognitive aspects critical to data-based decision making.
In view of the changing nature of the information required to study complex
systems, CODATA's scope now includes data activities and interdisciplinary
modeling such as that encountered in far-reaching projects (e.g. Global Change,
various Genome projects, environmental and biodiversity issues, etc.) or in certain
medical information systems. Most of the above will therefore be highlighted in
this Series.
Moreover, the present Communication Revolution intensifies the role of data and
information, thus challenging our ability to adapt our quality control to the new
dimensions of the emerging network systems on local, regional and international
levels.
As dozens of new sites appear daily on the Internet, driving on the information
highway becomes more and more difficult. Paradoxically, the increasing power of
the network may lead to a giant information traffic jam: too much information may
kill information. Now is the time to structure the access and to cross-validate
information systems and databases. This requires a lot of work but is necessary to
ensure reliable access to pertinent scientific data. The 12th International CODATA
Conference, held in Columbus in 1990, was entitled "Data for Discovery". This
slogan is still alive today and could be extended by "Internet for Discovery". More
than ever, today's powerful emerging tools should help in the production and use
of information, the future resource for the society of worldwide knowledge that the
coming century will witness.
In this evolving world where, in many ways, data are becoming essential resources,
this Series aims to present innovative concepts ultimately leading to new
information paradigms. In so doing, it should become an intensive, thought
provoking forum.
l.-E. Dubois
President of CODATA
CONTENTS
AUTHORS
PREFACE XI
C. Bardinet and f.-1. Royer XIX
INTRODUCTION
THE QUEST FOR A HEALTHIER ENVIRONMENT 1
M. Barnier, French Minister of the Environnement,
President du Conseil General de la Savoie.
CHAPTER 1: WATER IN ECOSYSTEMS
A NON RENEWABLE RESOURCE
ON THE PROBLEMS OF ASSESSING THE WORLD'S WATER
RESOURCES 13
f. C. Rodda
SYSTEM FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL
POLLUTION: EUREKA-IS MAP PROJECT 33
A. Aboujaoude, f.-M. Usseglio-Polatera and T. Vandevelde
NEW TOOLS FOR DIAGNOSING UNDERGROUND POLLUTION
BY PETRO-CHEMICALS. A CREATIVE CONCEPT IN EUROPE 43
f.-F. Beraud, P. Lecomte and A. Perez
VIII Contents
EFFECTS OF TRIBUTARIES ON RIVER WATER - SEDIMENT
INTERACTIONS: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL PRESENTATION 51
M. Puric, P. Pfendt and P. Polic
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT IN
MOLDAVIA 57
O. Vedina
TIME AND SPACE FORECASTING OF NITRATE AND SALINITY
CONTENTS IN THE NEAR-SHORE AQUIFERS OF CAMPO DE
DALlAS (SOUTH EAST SPAIN) 63
R. Jimenez-Espinosa, J.-J. Royer,
L. Molina-Sanchez and F. Navarrete
INCIDENCE OF FLUOROSIS IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO ANDHRA PRADESH 77
K. S. Reddy and K. L. Narasimha Rao
CONTAMINATION OF LAKE WATER BY PESTICIDES VIA
ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT 85
P. Masclet
A NEW METHODOLOGY CONCEPT IN AQUATIC
ECOTOXICOLOGY: THE INTEGRAT ED ApPROACH FROM
LABORATORY TO OUTDOOR EXPERIMENTS 93
G. Blake
STOCHASTIC IMAGING OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA 101
J. -1. Royer and A. Shtuka
CHAPTER 2: GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC EVOLUTION
IMPACT OF ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES
MODELING PALEOCLIMATIC CHANGES USING A FEEDBACK
ENERGETIC SYSTEM. PREDICTION OF MEAN ICE GLOBAL
VARIATIONS 115
P. Aile
GASEOUS TOXIC EMISSION FROM PLASTIC MATERIALS
DURING THEIR THERMAL DECOMPOSITION 125
C. Arji, C. Rotival-Livert, E. Renacco,
J. Pastor, A. M. Pauli and H. Portugal
INVENTORY OF POLLUTANT EMISSIONS INTO ATMOSPHERE
IN EUROPE - CORINAIR PROJECT 133
R. Bouscaren, J. P. Fontelle and J. P. Chang
Contents IX
CHAPTER 3: SPACE AND EARTH REMOTE SENSING
GIS ApPLICATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDIES
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS USING REMOTELY
SENSED DATA 149
P. Boccardo
USE OF THE ROSE-DIAGRAM METHOD FOR VEGETATION
FIRE PATTERN ANALYSIS ON A REGIONAL SCALE IN
AFRICA 159
P. A. Brivio, J. M. Gregoire, B. Koffi and G. Ober
INTEGRATION OF LANDSAT TM DATA AND SPOT DIGITAL
ELEVATION MODEL ApPLIED TO GEOSCIENTIFIC AND
GEOTECHNICAL RESEARCH IN THE AREA NORTH OF
KATHMANDU, NEPAL 165
G. Gabert, K. M. Amatya, C. Bardinet,
E. Bournay, P. Hoppe and P. Pradhan
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT OF THE LONG-RANGE POLLUTION EFFECTS IN
REMOTE AREAS (HIMALAYAS, NEPAL) 175
G. Tartari, M. Antoninetti, G. Bortolami, P. A. Brivio,
C. De Vito, G. Iabichino, M. Pepe,
G. A. Tartari and S. Valsecchi
CHAPTER 4: REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES
APPLICATION TO SOil EROSION MODELING
DESERTIFICATION OF MEDITERRANEAN AND MOUNTAINOUS
REGIONS 185
M. Dubost
LAND COVER CHANGE DETECTION IN A MEDITERRANEAN
AREA (MARITIME SYRIA) FROM REMOTELY SENSED DATA 197
J.-F. Khreim and B. Lacaze
INDEX OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY FOR LAND
MANAGEMENT 215
A. Quaglino
x
Contents
CHAPTER 5: ACCESSING GEOENVIRONMENTAL DATA
FROM ON-LINE TO EXPERT SYSTEMS
LARGE DATABASE ACCESS AND USAGE IN THE EARTH AND
SPACE SCIENCES THROUGH COMPUTER NETWORKS 223
J. R. Thieman
INTERNATIONAL DIRECTORY NETWORK - RUSSIAN
BRANCH 231
V. A. Nechitailenko
G.D.Q.-ExPERT: AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING
GEOTECHNICAL DATA QUALITY. ApPLICATION TO THE
MENARD PRESSUREMETER TEST 237
L. Matmatte, 1.-L. Favre and R. M. Bakeer
THE USE OF G.I.S. IN PETROLEUM INDUSTRY FOR OIL
EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION 245
F. Bouille
CHAPTER 6: ECOTOXICOLOGICAL ISSUES
CLEANING OF GAS FLOW USING CHEMICAL REACTION
DATABASE 257
E. A. Philimonova, D. A. Philimonov and M. B. Zhelezniak
PHOTO-INDUCED TOXICITY OF PAHs: QSAR MODELS AND
ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE 263
O. G. Mekenyan, G. T. Ankley, G. D. Veith and D. 1. Call
CAUTIONARY COMMENTS CONCERNING THE USE OF
PROFILES OF POLY CYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
(PAH) FOR SOURCE ApPORTIONMENT 273
A. Greenberg
DNA MODIFICATIONS DUE TO OXIDATIVE DAMAGE 281
J. Cadet, M. Berger, I. Girault, M.-F. Incardona, D. Molko,
B. Morin, M. Polverelli, S. Raoul and 1.-L. Ravanat
INDEX OF AUTHORS 289
INDEX 291
COLOR PLATES 295