Geopolitics and Development

432 Pages·2019·28.07 MB·English

by  Marcus Power

Geopolitics and
Development
Geopolitics and Development examines the historical emergence of devel-
opment as a form of governmentality, from the end of empire to the Cold
War and the War on Terror. It illustrates the various ways in which the
meaningsandrelationsofdevelopmentasadiscourse,anapparatusandan
aspiration,havebeengeopoliticallyimaginedandenframed.
The book traces some of the multiple historical associations between
developmentanddiplomacyandseekstounderlinethecentralityofquestions
ofterritory,security,statehoodandsovereigntytothepursuitofdevelopment,
alongwithitsenrolmentinvarious(b)orderingpractices.Inmakingacasefor
greaterattentiontotheevolvingnexusbetweengeopoliticsanddevelopment
and with particular reference to Africa, the book explores the historical and
contemporarygeopoliticsofforeignaid,theinterconnectionsbetweendevel-
opmentandcounterinsurgency,theroleofthestateandsocialmovementsin
(re)imaginingdevelopment,theriseof(re)emergingdonorslikeChina,India
andBrazil,andthegrowingsignificanceofSouth–Southflowsofinvestment,
trade and development cooperation. Drawing on post-colonial and post-
developmentapproachesandonsomeoftheauthor’sownoriginalempirical
research, this is an essential, critical and interdisciplinary analysis of the
complexanddynamicpoliticalgeographiesofglobaldevelopment.
Primarilyintendedforscholarsandpost-graduatestudentsindevelopment
studies, human geography, African studies and international relations, this
book provides anengaging,invaluable andup-to-dateresourceformaking
sense of the complex entanglement between geopolitics and development,
pastandpresent.
Marcus Power is a Professor of Human Geography at Durham Univer-
sity.Hisresearchinterestsincludecriticalgeopoliticsandthespatialitiesof
(post)development;visualityandpopulargeopolitics;energygeographiesand
low-carbontransitionsintheglobalSouth;andChina–Africarelationsandthe
roleof(re)emergingdevelopmentdonorsinSouth–Southcooperation.Heis
author of Rethinking Development Geographies (2003) and co-author of
China’sResourceDiplomacyinAfrica:PoweringDevelopment?(2012).
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Geopolitics
and
Development
Marcus Power
Firstpublished2019
byRoutledge
2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN
andbyRoutledge
52VanderbiltAvenue,NewYork,NY10017
RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness
©2019MarcusPower
TherightofMarcusPowertobeidentifiedasauthorofthisworkhasbeenasserted
byhiminaccordancewithsections77and78oftheCopyright,Designsand
PatentsAct1988.
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedorutilised
inanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,nowknownor
hereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orinanyinformation
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infringe.
BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Power,Marcus,1971-author.
Title:Geopoliticsanddevelopment/MarcusPower.
Description:Abingdon,Oxon;NewYork,NY:Routledge,2019.|Includes
bibliographicalreferencesandindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2018043343|ISBN9780415519564(hardback:alk.paper)|
ISBN9780415519571(pbk.:alk.paper)|ISBN9780203494424(ebook)
Subjects:LCSH:Geopolitics--History--20thcentury.|Geopolitics--History--21st
century.|Economicdevelopment--History--20thcentury.|Economic
development--History--21stcentury.|Postcolonialism.
Classification:LCCJC319.P682019|DDC338.9--dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2018043343
ISBN:978-0-415-51956-4(hbk)
ISBN:978-0-415-51957-1(pbk)
ISBN:978-0-203-49442-4(ebk)
TypesetinTimesNewRoman
byIntegraSoftwareServicesPvt.Ltd.
For Conor Ciarán Power
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Contents
Listoffigures x
Acknowledgements xvii
Listofabbreviations xix
1 INTRODUCTION: GEOPOLITICS AND THE
ASSEMBLAGE OF DEVELOPMENT 1
(cid:129) Introduction:theanti-politicsofdevelopment 1
(cid:129) Theorising(post-)development 6
(cid:129) Criticalgeopoliticsanddevelopment 18
(cid:129) Situatingdevelopmenthistorically 22
(cid:129) AnAfrocentricfocus 34
(cid:129) Thestructureofthebook 38
2 POST-COLONIALISM, GEOPOLITICS AND
THE PERIPHERY 40
(cid:129) Introduction:thechangingmetageographiesof
development 40
(cid:129) TropicalityandOrientalism 44
(cid:129) TheriseoftheAreaStudiescomplex 54
(cid:129) IR,PoliticalGeographyandDevelopment 59
(cid:129) PlacingAfricainIRandPoliticalGeography 67
(cid:129) Conclusions:towardsasubalterngeopoliticsof
development 73
viii Contents
3 MODERNISING THE “THIRD WORLD” 80
(cid:129) Introduction:aglobalhistoryofmodernisation 80
(cid:129) TheThirdWorldasideologicalproject 83
(cid:129) TheSovietUnionandthe“romance”ofeconomic
development 92
(cid:129) TheUSandtheThirdWorld 99
(cid:129) Arrestingthecommunist“contagion”:
theorisingmodernisationintheUS 105
(cid:129) JFK,the“decadeofdevelopment”andtheriseof
“developmentese” 108
(cid:129) Conclusions:theghostsofColdWarmodernisation 118
4 COLD WAR GEOPOLITICS AND
FOREIGN AID 124
(cid:129) Introduction:ColdWarforeignaidandthebattle
fortheThirdWorld 124
(cid:129) Fromtheperipherytotheperiphery:theUSSR
andforeignaid 128
(cid:129) ChinainAfrica:advancinga“subaltern
globalism”? 141
(cid:129) USforeignaidandthecounteringofinsurgency 148
(cid:129) Conclusions:anemerginggovernmental
rationalityofdevelopment 160
5 THE STATE AND DEVELOPMENT 168
(cid:129) Introduction:thestateisdead,longlive
thestate 168
(cid:129) Theorisingthestate 175
(cid:129) States,infrastructuresandresourcegeographies 180
(cid:129) Thestateandinsurgency 186
(cid:129) Contestingstatepower:socialmovements 196
(cid:129) Conclusions:spacesofsubalternstruggle 204
6 THE POLITICAL GEOGRAPHIES OF
CONTEMPORARY US FOREIGN ASSISTANCE 211
(cid:129) Introduction:reconstructionaswar 211
(cid:129) Thesecuritisationofdevelopment 220
(cid:129) ReinventingUSAID:thesecurity–economynexus 224
(cid:129) Therevivalofdevelopment-basedcounter-
insurgency 230
(cid:129) TheUSandcounter-insurgencyinAfrica:
drainingthe“swampofterror” 237
(cid:129) Conclusions:(re)militarisingdevelopment 247
Contents ix
7 THE RISE OF THE SOUTH 254
(cid:129) Introduction:therevivalofSouth–Southdevelopment
cooperation 254
(cid:129) Brazilasa“conduitforpan-Southernaction” 261
(cid:129) Chinaasemergingglobaldevelopmenthegemon 267
(cid:129) SouthKorea:exportingastoryofdevelopmental
“success” 280
(cid:129) India–Africadevelopmentcooperation 284
(cid:129) Conclusions:the“emancipatory”potentialof
(re-)emergingdonors? 288
8 CONCLUSIONS: DEVELOPMENT AND
(COUNTER-)INSURGENCY 296
(cid:129) Theexcessofdevelopment 296
(cid:129) Post-development,statepowerandinsurgency 300
(cid:129) Re-centringAfricaanddevelopmentinPolitical
GeographyandIR 306
(cid:129) ModernisationandColdWargeopolitics 309
(cid:129) DevelopmentandPacification 311
(cid:129) SSDCandthechangingdynamicsofdevelopment
diplomacy 316
(cid:129) Theshiftingspatialitiesofcontemporary
development 323
Bibliography 327
Index 390