Geometric Product Specification and Verification: Integration of Functionality: Selected Conference Papers of the 7th CIRP International Seminar on Computer-Aided Tolerancing, held at the École Normale Supérieure de Cachan, France, 24–25 April 2001

330 Pages·2003·7.6 MB·English

by  Vijay Srinivasan (auth.)

Geometric Product Specification and Verification:
Integration of Functionality
Geometric Product Specification
and Verification:
Integration of Functionality
Selected Conference Papers of the 7th CIRP International
Seminar on Computer-Aided Tolerancing, held at the
École Normale Supérieure de Cachan, France,
24–25 April 2001
Edited by
Pierre Bourdet and Luc Mathieu
Laboratoire Universitaire de Recherche en Production Automatisée,
École Normale Supérieure de Cachan,
Cachan, France
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-90-481-6342-7 ISBN 978-94-017-1691-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-1691-8
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
©2003 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2003
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
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The 7th CIRP International Seminar on Computer-Aided Tolerancing
Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, 93235 Cachan, France
April 24-25, 2001
Sponsored by
CIRP (International Institution for Production Engineering Research)
PSA-Peugeot-Citroën
Renault S.A.
Dassault Systèmes
UNM (Union de la Normalisation de la Mécanique)
ENS de Cachan
International Program Committee
P. Bourdet (France)
A. Clément (France)
H. Elmaraghy (Canada)
C. Fortin (Canada)
F.J.A.M. van Houten (Netherlands)
F. Kimura (Japan)
V. Srinivasan (USA)
R. Weill (Israel)
R.G. Wilhelm (USA)
National Organizing Committee
P. Bourdet (Chair)
L. Mathieu (Co-chair)
B. Anselmetti
A. Contri
B. Chevalier
J.Y. Dantan
C. Lartigue
F. Thiebaut
M. Dos Santos - S. Neves
PREFACE
The Computer Aided Tolerancing (CAT) is an important topic in the field of
mechanical designing and production. Even if the means of production have been
greatly improved and if the variability of production systems is better and better
controlled, the dispersions of the characteristics manufactured remain. They directly
influence the assembly and the quality of the way mechanisms work. So as to better
take them into account within design phases, it is of interest to be able to describe and
measure them with no ambiguity of potential error. The subject of the present document
"Geometric Product Specification and Verification : Integration of Functionality"
focuses on the importance of the description model of faulty parts. Both in the fields of
research and of industrial development, efforts have been made in recent years to
provide designers with the computer tools of description and design based upon the sole
ideal geometry of products. To take tolerancing of manufacturing defects and clearance
into consideration right from the stage of design, one has to define geometric models
that are capable of specifying the functional geometry of the faulty and non-faulty parts
with accuracy, and to adapt them to the expectations of the people involved in the
process of the design and the manufacturing of the products.
ISO experts round the world have realized how important this is. Knowing that the only
industrial tool to describe tolerances actually is the standardized graphic language,
which has become legally compulsory for all the exchanges between the actors of the
company, it has become necessary to match this graphic language with a consistent
description of the concepts used.
In 1996, ISO created a new technical committee, the ISO/TC213 in charge of the
standards on geometrical product specification. This committee followed JHG ISO/TC
3-10-57 which coordinated the technical committees ISO/TC3 "adjustment", ISO/TC57
"Metrology and properties of the surfaces" and the subcommittee ISO/TC10/SC5
"Specification and tolerance". To provide industrialists with complete and coherent
standards in the field of specification and geometrical inspection of products (GPS) is
the aim of this new committee. In 1996, ISO published a technical report FD CR
ISO/TR 14638 fixing the diagram of standards to create or to revise.
In order to answer this ambitious aim, it is no more possible to create or develop
standards based only on engineers and experts’ know-how. One now has to have a
global and theoretical approach of the geometrical specification and verification
problem. On the basis of French research results, a model to describe the micro and
macro geometry has been worked out. The basic concepts are described in the document
ISO/TR 17450-1. The model is original because of its declarative method describing the
process of tolerance specification and the process of tolerance verification in inspection.
The contents of this book originate from a collection of selected papers presented at the
7th CIRP International Seminar on Computer Aided Tolerancing (CAT), organized by
the LURPA (The laboratory for automated manufacturing) of the Ecole Normale
vii
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Supérieure de Cachan, France in April 24-25, 2001. The CIRP (Collège International
pour la Recherche en Production or International Institution for Production Engineering
Research) plans this seminar every two years.
This book focuses in particular on Geometrical Product Specification and Verification
which is an integrated tolerancing view and metrology proposed for ISO/TC213.
Common geometrical bases for a language allowing to describe both functional
specification and inspection procedures are provided. An extended view of the
uncertainty concept is also given.
Geometric Product Specification and Verification: Functionality Integration gives an
excellent resource to anyone interested in computer aided tolerancing, it is intended for
a wide audience including:
• Researchers in the fields of product design, Computer Aided Process Planning
(CAPP), precision engineering, quality, inspection and dimensional and geometrical
tolerancing (Professors and graduate student).
• Technicians of Standardization interested in the evolving ISO standards for
tolerancing in mechanical design, manufacturing and inspection.
• Practitioners; designers, design engineers, manufacturing engineers, staff in R&D
and production departments (e.g. automotive, aerospace, machines, –).
• Software developers for CAD/CAM/CAX and computer aided tolerancing (CAT)
application packages.
• Instructors and students of graduate (masters and Ph.D.), professional development
and undergraduate courses in design.
• Individuals interested in design, assembly, manufacturing, precision engineering,
inspection, and CAD/CAM/CAQ.
The book is organized into nine parts following the Editor's Preface. The first one
Geometrical Product Specification: ISO, research and industrial views presents a
synthesis of the existing and ongoing works on the subject of international
standardization, as well as in research and industrial applications in the field of
geometric specification. Part 2 deals with the Models for tolerance representation
required for specification and simulation. Part 3, Tolerance analysis covers a more
traditional activity of tolerancing, i.e., the simulation of the values of geometric
functional conditions on the basis of the tolerance values imposed on the parts of the
mechanism, while still considering the three-dimensional aspects and the statistics of
tolerancing and the flexible parts. Part 4, Tolerance synthesis consists in determining
the part specifications required to comply with the geometric functional conditions of
the mechanism. Part 5, Tolerance in manufacturing more specifically deals with the
quality of part handling within the process of manufacturing and the three-dimensional
simulation of manufacturing processes. Part 6, Tolerance management shows a new
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aspect of the interest of tolerancing within the design process. Part 7, Tolerance
verification covers the problems of identification of geometric elements and of the
calculation of uncertainty. In part 8, Industrial applications and CAT systems, the
problems and the solutions encountered essentially in the fields of car and plane
industry are presented. To finish with, the last part Tolerancing standard focuses upon
the exchanged of tolerancing data.
We want to express our sincere thanks to the authors for this contribution, to the
members of the international program committee and the organizing committee, in
particular Mrs M. Dos Santos and K. Frattini for their effort to make this book
published.
Pierre BOURDET
Luc MATHIEU
CONTENTS PAGE
Geometrical Product Specification: ISO, research and industrial views
An Integrated View of Geometrical Product Specification and Verification
V. SRINIVASAN (IBM CORPORATION-COLOMBIAUNIV., USA)..............................................................1
Global View of Geometrical Specifications
A. BALLU, L. MATHIEU, J.Y. DANTAN (LMP BORDEAUX, LURPA - ENS DECACHAN,
FRANCE).....................................................................................................................................................13
3D Functional Tolerancing & Annotation: CATIA tools for Geometrical Product
Specification
D. GAUNET (DASSAULTSYSTÈMES, FRANCE).........................................................................................25
Model for tolerance representation
Areal Coordinates: The Basis of a Mathematical Model for Geometric Tolerances
S. BHIDE, J.K. DAVIDSON, J.J. SHAH (ARIZONA STATE UNIV., USA)...............................................35
Curves for Profile Tolerance Zone Boundaries
T.M.K. PASUPATHY, R.G. WILHELM (UNIV.OF NORTH CAROLINA, USA).......................................45
Representation of Tolerances Using Fuzzy Logic
C. LELU, M. DAHAN (LMA INSTITUTDEPRODUCTIQUE BESANÇON, FRANCE)...................................55
Tolerance analysis
Determination of Relative Situations of Parts for Tolerance Computation
E. BALLOT, P. BOURDET, F. THIEBAUT (ECOLE DES MINES PARIS, LURPA - ENS DE
CACHAN, FRANCE......................................................................................................................................63
Genetic Algorithms for TTRS Tolerance Analysis
J. LIU, R.G. WILHELM (UNIV.OF NORTH CAROLINA, USA).................................................................73
Calculation of Virtual and Resultant Parts for Variational Assembly Analysis
L. PINO, F. BENNIS, C. FORTIN (IRCCYN NANTES, FRANCE, ECOLE POLY.
MONTRÉAL,CANADA)................................................................................................................................83
3D Tolerances Analysis, from Preliminary Study
P. CLOZEL (MECAMASTER – ECOLE CENTRALEDELYON, FRANCE)....................................................93
Statistical Tolerance Analysis Using GapSpace
Z. ZOU, E. MORSE (UNIV.OF NORTH CAROLINA, USA).....................................................................105
Analysis of Functional Geometrical Specification
P. SERRE, A. RIVIERE, A. CLEMENT (CESTI ST OUEN, DASSAULT SYSTÈMES, FRANCE)...........115
Simultaneous Analysis Method for Tolerancing Flexible Mechanisms
S. SAMPER, M. GIORDANO (UNIV.DE SAVOIE, FRANCE)..................................................................127
Tolerance synthesis
Towards Robust Kinematic Synthesis of Mechanical Systems
E. SACKS, L. JOSKOWICZ, R. SCHULTHEISS, M. KYUNG (PERDUE UNIV., USA).......................135
Tolerance Analysis and Synthesis by Means of Clearance and Deviation Spaces
M. GIORDANO, B. KATAYA, E. PAIREL (UNIV.DE SAVOIE, FRANCE)............................................145
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xii
Synthesis of Tolerances Starting from a Fuzzy Expression of the Functional
Requirements
B. ANSELMETTI, H. MEJBRI, K. MAWUSSI (LURPA - ENS DE CACHAN, FRANCE)......................155
Tolerance in manufacturing
An Accurate Fixture Model for Precision Fixturing
M. WANG (CHINESE UNIV. OFHONG KONG).........................................................................................165
An Analytical Approach to Machining Deviation due to Fixturing
A. ARMILLOTTA, L. CARRINO, G. MORONI, W. POLINI, Q. SEMERARO
(POLITECNICO DI MILANO, UNIV.DEGLISTUDI DI CASSINO, ITALY).......................................................175
Three-dimensional Geometrical Tolerancing: Quantification of Machining Defects
O. LEGOFF, F. VILLENEUVE (IRCCYN NANTES - L3S GRENOBLE, FRANCE)..................................185
Process Plan Validation Including Process Deviations and Machine-tool Errors
R. BENEA, G. CLOUTIER, C. FORTIN (ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE DE MONTRÉAL, CANADA).............197
Tolerance management
Framework Proposal for a Modular Approach to Tolerancing
A. DESROCHERS, L. LAPERRIERE (UNIV.OFSCHERBROOKE AND TROISRIVIÈRES, CANADA).......207
Method for Geometric Variation Management from Key Characteristics to Specification
B. MARGUET, L. MATHIEU (EADS CORP. RESEARCH CENTER, LURPA - ENS DECACHAN,
FRANCE)...................................................................................................................................................217
Tolerance verification
Geometrical Tolerancing Using Linear Programming: Functional Approach and
Specification of Application Domain
V. PORTMAN, V.G. SHUSTER, Y. RUBENCHIK (BEN-GURIONUNIV.OF THE NEGEV, ISRAEL).....227
Contribution of Non Linear Optimization to the Determination of Measurement
Uncertainties
J.M. SPRAUEL, J.M. LINARES, P. BOURDET (IUT AIX EN PROVENCE,
LURPA - ENS DECACHAN, FRANCE)......................................................................................................237
Probabilistic Evaluation of Invariant Surfaces through the Parzen’s Method
P. CHIABERT, M. COSTA (DSPEA - POLITECHNICO DI TORINO, ITALY)............................................245
Industrial applications and CAT systems
Automated Seam Variation and Stability Analysis for Automotive Body Design
R. SÖDERBERG, L. LINDKVIST (CHALMERS UNIV., SWEDEN).........................................................255
Functionnal Assistance for Computer-Aided Tolerancing Software
H. TOULORGE, D. BUYSSE, A. BELLACICCO, A. RIVIERE (RENAULT S.A. RUEIL,
CESTI ST OUEN, FRANCE)......................................................................................................................265
Towards a Method for Early Evaluations of Sheet Metal Assemblies
S. DAHLSTROM, R. SÖDERBERG (VOLVO CARCORP., CHALMERS UNIV., SWEDEN)......................275
An Assisted Method for Specifying ISO Tolerances Applied to Structural Assemblies
R. SELLAKH, A. RIVIERE, N. CHEVASSUS, B. MARGUET (CESTI ST OUEN, EADS
RESEARCH CENTER, FRANCE)..................................................................................................................287