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ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN Federal Depository Library Program no129 Govemunc Documents & Maps Univers~tyo f Hawa~Ii brary GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 81M AP$ University of Hawaii Library 2550 McCarthy Mall ' Honolulu. HI 96822 h ~ ubdy 'ISIE SrnSONIAN INSmZTTION Washington, D.C, U.S.A. ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN No. 14,9 GEOGRAPHY AND ECOLOGY OF DIEGO GARCIA ATOLL, CHAGOS ARCHIPELAGO Edited by D. R. Stoddart and J. D. Taylor Issued by THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Washington, D.C., U.S.A. August 27, 1971 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Atoll Research Bulletin is issued by the Smithsonian Institution as a part of its Tropical Biology Program. It is co- sponsored by the Museum of Natural History, the Office of Environ- mental Sciences, and the Smithsonian Press. The Press supports and handles production and distribution. The editing is done by the Tropical Biology staff, Botany Department, Museum of Natural History. The Bulletin was founded and the first 117 numbers issued by the Pacific Science Board, National Academy of Sciences, with financial support from the Office of Naval Research. Its pages were largely devoted to reports resulting from the Pacific Science Board's Coral Atoll Program. The sole responsibility for all statements made by authors of papers in the Atoll Research Bulletin rests with them, and statements made in the Bulletin do not necessarily represent the views of the Smithsonian nor those of the editors of the Bulletin. Editors F. R. Fosberg M.-H. Sachet Smithsonian Institution Washington, D. C. 20560 D. R. Stoddart Department of Geography University of Cambridge Downing Place Cambzidge, England "I make it my province to dwell in this prelimi- nary discourse on those objects only, which most excited my attention. Among the number of these I reckon, for instance, the harbour of Diego Garcia, and the prospect of the island itself is pleasant. We judged to have twelve leagues in circumference. Its form resembles a horse shoe. Its greatest breadth is not above a quarter of a league; the ground is however sufficiently ele- vated to serve as a fence and shelter to a vast reservoir of sand, which affords spacious room to the most numerous fleets. This level is four leagues long, and its main breadth is about one league. Its excellent harbour has two entrances to the north. The roads are extremely fine. Its situation I ascertain it to be in the 7 deg. 14 min. South Latitude, and in the 68 degree east longitude from the meridian of Paris." A B B ~R OCHON (1793, 48-49) "This Island is one of the wonderful phaenomena of this globe." JAMES HORSBURGH (1809, 131) Contributors W. R. P. Bourne 62 Vicarage Road, Watford, England A. A. Bullock Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew , Richmond, Surrey, England (retired) A. M. Clark Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History), London, S.W.7., England F. R. Fosberg Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A. J. F. Peake Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History), London, S.W.7., England C. F. Rhyne Department of Botany, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C. 27514, U.S.A. (formerly Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A.) B. R. Rosen School of Physics, The University, Newcastle-on-Tyne, England (formerly Department of Geology, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, Wales) R. Sims Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History), London, S.W.7., England W. A. Smith Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History), , London, S .W.7. England D. R. Stoddart Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, England J. D. Taylor Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History) London, S.W.7., England C. C. Townsend c/o Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, England Contents Page Scientific studies at Diego Garcia Atoll D. R. Stoddart Geomorphology of Diego Garcia Atoll D. R. Stoddart Diego Garcia climate and marine environment D. R. Stoddart Observations on the shallow-water marine fauna J. D. Taylor Marine algae of Diego Garcia C. F. Rhyne Annotated check list and bibliography of corals of the Chagos Archipelago (including the recent collection from Diego Garcia), with remarks on their distribution B. R. Rosen Echinoderms from Diego Garcia A. M. Clark and J. D. Taylor Crustacea: Brachyura and Anomura from Diego Garcia J. D. Taylor Crustacea: Cirripedes from Diego Garcia W. A. Smith Marine Mollusca from Diego Garcia J. D. Taylor Land vegetation of Diego Garcia D. R. Stoddart List of Diego Garcia vascular plants F. R. Fosberg and A. A. Bullock List of Diego Garcia Bryophyta C. C. Townsend Terrestrial fauna af Diego Garcia and other Chagos atolls D. R. Stoddart Page 15. Earthworms of Diego Garcia 171 R. Sims 16. Non-marine Mollusca of Diego Garcia J. F. Peake 17. The birds of the Chagos Group, Indian Ocean W. R. P. Bourne 18. Settlement and development of Diego Garcia D. R. Stoddart 19. Bibliography of Diego Garcia D. R. Stoddart TABLES Page . . . . . . Scientific studies at Diego Garcia 3 Studies of marine biota by the Percy . . . . . . . . . . Sladen Trust Expedition 5 Characteristics of some beach, dune and . . . . . . . . barachois sediments at Diego Garcia 16 Characteristics of some lagoon sediments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . at Diego Garcia 25 Genera and subgenera of scleractinian corals collected by expeditions to the Chagos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Archipelago. 69 Genera and subgenera of scleractinian corals recorded from each atoll of the Chagos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Archipelago 69 Crustacea recorded by the Percy Sladen . . . . Expedition in the Chagos Archipelago 165 Insects recorded by the Percy Sladen . . . . . . . Expedition in the Chagos Archipelago 166 Observations of birds at sea between 0-15'S, 182 FIGURES 1. The western Indian Ocean, showing the . . . . . . . . location of Diego Garcia Frontispiece Following page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Diego Garcia Atoll 26 . . . . . . . 3. Bathymetry of the Chagos Archipelago 11 . . . . . . 4. Profiles of the land rim of Diego Garcia I I 5. Barachois Maurice. Based on Crown Copyright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . air photographs $1 Following Barachois Sylvain. Based on Crown Copyright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . air photographs . . . . . . . . . . . . Profiles in Barachois Maurice . . . . . . . . Profile of the land rim at Cust Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MiddleIsland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East Island Profiles of the seaward reef front, north side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of the atoll . . . . . . . . . . . Bathymetry of the lagoon floor . . . . . . . . . . . . Profiles of the lagoon floor Hypsometric curves for lagoons of atolls in the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chagos Archipelago . . . . . . . . . . . . Location of sediment samples Cumulative frequency curves for sediment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . samples Cumulative frequency curves for lagoon floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sediment samples Surface wind frequencies for each month at 0000, . . . . . . . . . . . 0600 and 1200 GMT, 1956-1960 Surface wind frequencies for each month at 0000, . . . . . . . . 0600, 1200 and 1800 (SIT, 1961-1965 Occurrence of calms, (a) 1956-1960, (b) 1961- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1965 . . . . . . . . . . . Monthly temperatures 1951-1967 . . . . . . . . Monthly rainfall 1937-1938, 1950-1966 . . . . . . Mean rainfall per rain day for each month Tidal records at East Point and Eclipse Point, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June-July 1967 30 Intertidal zonation on the seaward shore of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WestIsland 39 Intertidal zonation on seaward beachrock at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SouthPoint !1 Intertidal zonation on a cobbled lagoon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shore, Carcasse !f Intertidal zonation on beach rock, entrance to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Barachois Maurice !1 Intertidal zonation on the reef platform at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northwest Point ,I . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distribution of vegetation 142 The Chagos Archipelago and neighbouring islands, . . . . . . . . . . . from -The English Pilot (1755) 217 The Chagos Archipelago and neighbouring islands, showing eighteenth century exploratory voyages, from the Neptune Oriental of D'Apr'es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, de Mannevillette (1755) Place names and topography of Diego Garcia on the maps of Draper (1824), Hoart and Hoart (c. l824), and Hoart (c. l82S), and . . . . . . . . . . . . . according to G. C. Bourne 11

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leagues long, and its main breadth is about one barachois sediments at Diego Garcia . Surface wind frequencies for each month at 0000, .. Deccan Traps. this is probably of minor importance; partly they result from the in.
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ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN Federal Depository Library Program no129 Govemunc Documents & Maps Univers~tyo f Hawa~Ii brary GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 81M AP$ University of Hawaii Library 2550 McCarthy Mall ' Honolulu. HI 96822 h ~ ubdy 'ISIE SrnSONIAN INSmZTTION Washington, D.C, U.S.A. ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN No. 14,9 GEOGRAPHY AND ECOLOGY OF DIEGO GARCIA ATOLL, CHAGOS ARCHIPELAGO Edited by D. R. Stoddart and J. D. Taylor Issued by THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Washington, D.C., U.S.A. August 27, 1971 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Atoll Research Bulletin is issued by the Smithsonian Institution as a part of its Tropical Biology Program. It is co- sponsored by the Museum of Natural History, the Office of Environ- mental Sciences, and the Smithsonian Press. The Press supports and handles production and distribution. The editing is done by the Tropical Biology staff, Botany Department, Museum of Natural History. The Bulletin was founded and the first 117 numbers issued by the Pacific Science Board, National Academy of Sciences, with financial support from the Office of Naval Research. Its pages were largely devoted to reports resulting from the Pacific Science Board's Coral Atoll Program. The sole responsibility for all statements made by authors of papers in the Atoll Research Bulletin rests with them, and statements made in the Bulletin do not necessarily represent the views of the Smithsonian nor those of the editors of the Bulletin. Editors F. R. Fosberg M.-H. Sachet Smithsonian Institution Washington, D. C. 20560 D. R. Stoddart Department of Geography University of Cambridge Downing Place Cambzidge, England "I make it my province to dwell in this prelimi- nary discourse on those objects only, which most excited my attention. Among the number of these I reckon, for instance, the harbour of Diego Garcia, and the prospect of the island itself is pleasant. We judged to have twelve leagues in circumference. Its form resembles a horse shoe. Its greatest breadth is not above a quarter of a league; the ground is however sufficiently ele- vated to serve as a fence and shelter to a vast reservoir of sand, which affords spacious room to the most numerous fleets. This level is four leagues long, and its main breadth is about one league. Its excellent harbour has two entrances to the north. The roads are extremely fine. Its situation I ascertain it to be in the 7 deg. 14 min. South Latitude, and in the 68 degree east longitude from the meridian of Paris." A B B ~R OCHON (1793, 48-49) "This Island is one of the wonderful phaenomena of this globe." JAMES HORSBURGH (1809, 131) Contributors W. R. P. Bourne 62 Vicarage Road, Watford, England A. A. Bullock Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew , Richmond, Surrey, England (retired) A. M. Clark Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History), London, S.W.7., England F. R. Fosberg Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A. J. F. Peake Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History), London, S.W.7., England C. F. Rhyne Department of Botany, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C. 27514, U.S.A. (formerly Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A.) B. R. Rosen School of Physics, The University, Newcastle-on-Tyne, England (formerly Department of Geology, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, Wales) R. Sims Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History), London, S.W.7., England W. A. Smith Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History), , London, S .W.7. England D. R. Stoddart Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, England J. D. Taylor Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History) London, S.W.7., England C. C. Townsend c/o Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, England Contents Page Scientific studies at Diego Garcia Atoll D. R. Stoddart Geomorphology of Diego Garcia Atoll D. R. Stoddart Diego Garcia climate and marine environment D. R. Stoddart Observations on the shallow-water marine fauna J. D. Taylor Marine algae of Diego Garcia C. F. Rhyne Annotated check list and bibliography of corals of the Chagos Archipelago (including the recent collection from Diego Garcia), with remarks on their distribution B. R. Rosen Echinoderms from Diego Garcia A. M. Clark and J. D. Taylor Crustacea: Brachyura and Anomura from Diego Garcia J. D. Taylor Crustacea: Cirripedes from Diego Garcia W. A. Smith Marine Mollusca from Diego Garcia J. D. Taylor Land vegetation of Diego Garcia D. R. Stoddart List of Diego Garcia vascular plants F. R. Fosberg and A. A. Bullock List of Diego Garcia Bryophyta C. C. Townsend Terrestrial fauna af Diego Garcia and other Chagos atolls D. R. Stoddart Page 15. Earthworms of Diego Garcia 171 R. Sims 16. Non-marine Mollusca of Diego Garcia J. F. Peake 17. The birds of the Chagos Group, Indian Ocean W. R. P. Bourne 18. Settlement and development of Diego Garcia D. R. Stoddart 19. Bibliography of Diego Garcia D. R. Stoddart TABLES Page . . . . . . Scientific studies at Diego Garcia 3 Studies of marine biota by the Percy . . . . . . . . . . Sladen Trust Expedition 5 Characteristics of some beach, dune and . . . . . . . . barachois sediments at Diego Garcia 16 Characteristics of some lagoon sediments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . at Diego Garcia 25 Genera and subgenera of scleractinian corals collected by expeditions to the Chagos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Archipelago. 69 Genera and subgenera of scleractinian corals recorded from each atoll of the Chagos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Archipelago 69 Crustacea recorded by the Percy Sladen . . . . Expedition in the Chagos Archipelago 165 Insects recorded by the Percy Sladen . . . . . . . Expedition in the Chagos Archipelago 166 Observations of birds at sea between 0-15'S, 182 FIGURES 1. The western Indian Ocean, showing the . . . . . . . . location of Diego Garcia Frontispiece Following page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Diego Garcia Atoll 26 . . . . . . . 3. Bathymetry of the Chagos Archipelago 11 . . . . . . 4. Profiles of the land rim of Diego Garcia I I 5. Barachois Maurice. Based on Crown Copyright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . air photographs $1 Following Barachois Sylvain. Based on Crown Copyright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . air photographs . . . . . . . . . . . . Profiles in Barachois Maurice . . . . . . . . Profile of the land rim at Cust Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MiddleIsland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East Island Profiles of the seaward reef front, north side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of the atoll . . . . . . . . . . . Bathymetry of the lagoon floor . . . . . . . . . . . . Profiles of the lagoon floor Hypsometric curves for lagoons of atolls in the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chagos Archipelago . . . . . . . . . . . . Location of sediment samples Cumulative frequency curves for sediment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . samples Cumulative frequency curves for lagoon floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sediment samples Surface wind frequencies for each month at 0000, . . . . . . . . . . . 0600 and 1200 GMT, 1956-1960 Surface wind frequencies for each month at 0000, . . . . . . . . 0600, 1200 and 1800 (SIT, 1961-1965 Occurrence of calms, (a) 1956-1960, (b) 1961- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1965 . . . . . . . . . . . Monthly temperatures 1951-1967 . . . . . . . . Monthly rainfall 1937-1938, 1950-1966 . . . . . . Mean rainfall per rain day for each month Tidal records at East Point and Eclipse Point, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June-July 1967 30 Intertidal zonation on the seaward shore of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WestIsland 39 Intertidal zonation on seaward beachrock at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SouthPoint !1 Intertidal zonation on a cobbled lagoon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shore, Carcasse !f Intertidal zonation on beach rock, entrance to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Barachois Maurice !1 Intertidal zonation on the reef platform at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northwest Point ,I . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distribution of vegetation 142 The Chagos Archipelago and neighbouring islands, . . . . . . . . . . . from -The English Pilot (1755) 217 The Chagos Archipelago and neighbouring islands, showing eighteenth century exploratory voyages, from the Neptune Oriental of D'Apr'es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, de Mannevillette (1755) Place names and topography of Diego Garcia on the maps of Draper (1824), Hoart and Hoart (c. l824), and Hoart (c. l82S), and . . . . . . . . . . . . . according to G. C. Bourne 11

Description:
leagues long, and its main breadth is about one barachois sediments at Diego Garcia . Surface wind frequencies for each month at 0000, .. Deccan Traps. this is probably of minor importance; partly they result from the in.
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