Gene Expression in Normal and Transformed Cells PDF
Preview Gene Expression in Normal and Transformed Cells
Gene Expression in Normal and Transformed Cells NATO Advanced Science Institutes Series A series of edited volumes comprising multifaceted studies of contemporary scientific issues by some of the best scientific minds in the world, assembled in cooperation with NA TO Scientific Affairs Division. This series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics New York and London C Mathematical and D. Reidel Publishing Company Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston, and London 0 Behavioral and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers Social Sciences The Hague, Boston, and London E Applied Sciences F Computer and Springer Verlag Systems Sciences Heidelberg, Berlin, and New York G Ecological Sciences Recent Volumes in Series A: Life Sciences Volume 58-Arterial Pollution: An Integrated View on Atherosclerosis edited by H. Peeters, G. A. Gresham, and R. Paoletti Volume 59-The Applications of Laser Light Scattering to the Study of Biological Motion edited by J. C. Earnshaw and M. W. Steer Volume 60-The Use of Human Cells for the Evaluation of Risk from Physical and Chemical Agents edited by Amleto Castellani Volume 61-Genetic Engineering in Eukaryotes edited by Paul F. Lurquin and Andris Kleinhofs Volume 62-Heart Perfusion, Energetics, and Ischemia edited by Leopold Dintenfass, Desmond G. Julian, and Geoffrey V. F. Seaman Volume 63-Structure and Function of Plant Genomes edited by Orio Ciferri and Leon Dure III Volume 64-Gene Expression in Normal and Transformed Cells edited by J. E. Celis and R. Bravo Gene Expression in Normal and Transformed Cells Edited by J. E. Celis Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark and R. Bravo EMBL Laboratory Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany Plenum Press New York and London Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division Proceedings of a NATO/Gulbenkian Foundation-sponsored Summer School, held May 25-June 4, 1982, in Sintra-Estoril, Portugal Ubrary of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Gene expression in normal and transformed cells. (NATO advanced science institutes series, Series A, Ufe sciences; v. 64) "Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division." "Proceedings of a NATO/Gulbenkian Foundation-sponsored summer school, held May 25-June 4, 1982, in Sintra-Estoril, Portugal"-Verso t.p. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Gene expression-Congresses. 2. Cytogenetics-Congresses. 3. Cancer cells Congresses. I. Celis, J. E. II. Bravo, R. (Rodrigo) III. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division. IV. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. V. Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian. VI. Series. [DNLM: 1. Cell transformation, Neoplastic-Congresses. 2. Cytogenetics-Congresses. QZ 202 G326 1982] QH450.G462 1983 574.87'3223 83-4145 ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-4543-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-4541-1 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4684-4541-1 © 1983 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1983 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electroniC, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher PREFACE This volume is based on the proceedings of a NATO-Gulbenkian Foundation sponsored Summer School held in May-June 1982 in Sintra Estoril, Portugal. Given the accelerated growth of knowledge in the field of eukaryotic gene expression, it seemed timely to hold a NATO Advanced Study Institute to discuss current developments in this area of biology and to evaluate the potential of emerging technologies such as gene transfer, recombinant DNA cloning and quantitative high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The initial articles in volume describe various differentiation models and t~is address questions such as the relationships between differentiation and cell proliferation, biochemical changes accompanying differen tiation, expression of differentiated gene products and their regulation as well as gene organization of cytoskeletal proteins. The second section describes properties of neoplastic cells, surveys current assays for transformation and offers some new insights into the mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis. The third part is dedicated to viral oncogenesis and to the role of onco genes in cell transformation. Particular emphasis is given to the role of tyrosine kinases in cell transformation. The concluding section deals with various aspects of gene expression in normal and transformed cells with special emphasis given to studies using two dimensional gel electrophoresis, cell hybridization, gene transfer and immunological techniques. v PREFACE We wish to express our appreciation to Dr. Maria C. Lechner who provided valuable advice and help concerning the organization of the meeting. We are also indebted to Ms Jonna Christensen and Ms Lisbeth Hei1esen for their outstanding organization and administration of the meeting. Finally, we must express our deepest appreciation to Ms Jonna Christensen who patiently typed all the manuscripts. November 1982 J.E. Celis R. Bravo CONTENTS DIFFERENTIATION MODELS AND GENE EXPRESSION IN DIFFERENTIATED CELLS 1. Molecular Approach to the Study of Neural Function and Differentiation •••••••••••••••••• M.M. Portier, B. Croizat, F. Berthelot, B. Edde, D. Paulin and F. Gros 2. Cellular Systems and Aspects of Protein Synthesis in the Study of Muscle Cell Differentiation ••••••••••••••••.••••.••.•..••..•.•••• 45 R.G. Whalen 3. Organization of Muscle-Specific Genes in the Rodent Genome ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.. 71 H. Czosnek, Y. Carmon, M. Shani, U. Nudel, P.E. Barker, F.H. Ruddle and D. Yaffe 4. Approaches to the Biochemistry of Differen- tiation of Mouse Embryonal Carcinoma Cells ••••••••••• 87 M.J. Evans,R.H. Lovell-Badge, D. Latahman, A. Staaey and H. Brzeski 5. Changes of Protein Glycosylation during Differentiation of Mouse Embryonal Ca rc i noma Ce 11 s •••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 101 G. Cossu and L. Warren vii viii CONTENTS 6. Focussing on a Particular Model of Cell Differentiation: The Vertebrate Eye Lens 117 L. Simmonneau THE NEOPLASTIC CELL; CARCINOGENESIS 7. The Neoplastic Cell and its Analysis by Cell Hybridization: 1. The Nature of the Trans formation Process and its Markers, 2. Analysis of Transformation by Cell Hybridization •••••••••••••. 141 L.M. Franks . 8. DNA and Time in Carcinogenesis 177 M. Radman, R. Wagner and P. Jeggo VIRAL ONCOGENESIS 9. The Molecular Genetics of Avian Erythroblastosis Virus •••••••••••.•••••.••••.••...••. 193 M.L. Privalsky, L. Sealy, B. Vennstrom and J.M. Bishop 10. Protein Kinases Specific for Tyrosine Residues and the Role of Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Proteins in Cell Transformation •••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••.••.••.•.. 209 J. Ghysdael 11. Enzootic Bovine Leukosis and Bovine Leukemia Virus ...•.••.....••••.•.....••...•..•.•••... 231 G. Marbaix, R. Kettmann, J. Deschamps, D. Couez, M. Mammerickx and A. Burny 12. Gene Transfer into Culture Cells and its Application to Study Cell Transformation 247 A. Graessmann and M. Graessmann CONTENTS ix GENE EXPRESSION IN NORMAL AND TRANSFORMED CELLS 13. Expression of Cellular Protein in Normal and Transformed Human Cultured Cells •••••••••••••••• 263 R. J. Bellatin, S.J. Fey B~avo, P. Mose and J.E. Celis La~sen 14. Polypeptide Synthesis in Human Sarcoma and Normal Ti ssue •...............••.........•......• 291 J. and H. Fo~chhamrne~ Macdonald-B~avo 15. The Reversible Modulation of the Synthesis of Matrix Components in Definitive Chondro blasts Transformed by a ts-Rous Sarcoma Virus Mutant ...............•.............•....•..... 315 M. Pacifici. S.L. Adams, H. and Holtze~ D. Boettige~ 16. Proteins Affected by Chromosome 21 and Ageing in Vitro..................................... 349 M.L. Van C.R. and D. Goldman Keu~en. Me~~l 17. Variation in Expression of Human Major Histo compatibility Genes in Mouse L Cells after DNA-Mediated Gene Transfer •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 379 J.A. and F.H. Ruddle Ba~bosa. M~E. Kama~ck 18. Expression of Development-Phase Specific Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes in Cultured Cancer Ce 11 s •••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•.•••••••••. 403 W.H. Fishman 19. Nonhistone Protein Antigens in Rat Hepatomas ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 415 L.S. Hnilica. W.N. Schmidt and R.C. B~ggs Contributors 433 Index ..•..•..•...................•........•....•..•.••••• 437 MOLECULAR APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF NEURAL FUNCTION AND DIFFERENTIATION M.M. Portier, B. Croizat, F. Berthelot, B. Edde, D. Paulin# and F. Gros Laboratoire de Bioahimie Cellulaire, College de Franae Paris, Franae and #Departement de Biologie Moleaulaire Institut Pasteur, Paris, Franae 1. INTRODUCTION Neurobiology constitutes one of the most challenging aspects of cellular and development biology due to the complexity of the central nervous system and to the diversity of the behavioral patterns among evolved eukaryotic organisms. A fair understanding of the central nervous system at the molecular level with regard to its integrated funtions and its ontogenetic programme will require many more decades, given for example the enormous amount of synaptic connection existing in the cerebrum tissue. Yet, important achievements have recently been made in the study of neural cells due to a multidisciplinary approach derived from molecular genetics and immunology. In the first part of this article, we shall attempt to show, based upon few examples, how recent progress of molecular biology, recombinant DNA studies and immunochemistry have provided new and important insights into some of the key questions concerning the problems of cellular interaction and synaptic transmission in central and peripheral tissues.
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