Gastrointestinal oncology : principles and practices PDF
Preview Gastrointestinal oncology : principles and practices
Principles and Practice of Gastrointestinal Oncology Second Edition 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Philadelphia 530 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106 USA 978-0-7817-7617-2 0-7817-7617-1 © 2008 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, a WOLTERS KLUWER business 530 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106 USA, LWW.com First Edition © 2002 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means, including photocopying, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. Printed in the USA Senior Executive Editor: Jonathan W. Pine, Jr. Senior Managing Editor: Anne E. Jacobs Project Manager: Alicia Jackson Senior Manufacturing Manager: Benjamin Rivera Design Coordinator: Terry Mallon Cover Designer: Larry Didona Production Service: Aptara, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Principles and practice of gastrointestinal oncology / [edited by] David P. Kelsen … [et al.]. — 2nd ed. p. ; cm. Rev. ed. of: Gastrointestinal oncology. c2002. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-7817-7617-2 ISBN-10: 0-7817-7617-1 1. Digestive organs—Cancer. I. Kelsen, David. II. Gastrointestinal oncology. [DNLM: 1. Gastrointestinal Neoplasms. WI 149 P957 2008] RC280.D5G384 2008 616.99′433—dc22 2007034193 Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of the information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner. The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug. Some drugs and medical devices presented in the publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in their clinical practice. To purchase additional copies of this book, call our customer service department at (800) 638-3030 or fax orders to (301) 223-2320. International customers should call (301) 223-2300. Visit Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on the Internet: at LWW.com. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins customer service representatives are available from 8:30 am to 6 pm, EST. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Editors David P. Kelsen MD Professor of Medicine Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Chief, Gastrointestinal Oncology Service; Edward S. Gordon Chair in Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York John M. Daly MD Harry C. Donahoo Professor of Surgery Department of Surgery, Sections of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology; Dean, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Scott E. Kern MD Professor of Oncology and Pathology Departments of Oncology and Pathology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Bernard Levin MD Professor of Gastrointestinal Medicine and Nutrition; Vice President for Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences; Betty B. Marcus Chair in Cancer Prevention The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas Joel E. Tepper MD Professor and Chair; Hector MacLean Distinguished Professor of Cancer Research Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, North Carolina Clinical Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Eric Van Cutsem MD, PhD Professor of Medicine Gastroenterology Section, Department of Pathophysiology, University of Leuven; Head, Division of Digestive Oncology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium Contributing Authors Susan C. Abraham MD Associate Professor of Pathology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas N. Volkan Adsay MD Professor of Pathology Emory University; Vice Chair and Director of Anatomic Pathology, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia Muyiwa A. Aremu MB, FRCSI Lecturer Department of Surgery, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland Timothy R. Asmis MD, FRCPC Assistant Professor University of Ottawa; Medical Oncologist, Ottawa Hospital Cancer Center, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada David L. Bartlett MD Bernard Fisher Professor of Surgery University of Pittsburgh; Chief, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Monica M. Bertagnolli MD Associate Professor of Surgery Department of Medical Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Sheila A. Bingham PhD, FMed Sci Director of Centre for Nutritional Epidemiology in Cancer Prevention and Survival University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Craig D. Blinderman MD, MA Instructor of Medicine Harvard Medical School; Attending Physician, Palliative Care Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Heimer Boeing Prof. Dr, MSPH Head Department of Epidemiology, Germany Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita MD, MPH, PhD Project Director Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, Center for Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands Marcia Irene Canto MD, MHS Associate Professor of Medicine and Oncology John Hopkins University School of Medicine; Director of Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland Barrie R. Cassileth MS, PhD Chief Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York Ian D. Chin MD Assistant Professor Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Hotel Dieu Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Staff Physician, Department of Surgery, Lakeridge Health Oshawa, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada Steven J. Cohen MD Associate Member Divisions of Medical and Population Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Kevin C. Conlon MD, FACS, FRCS, MBA Professor Department of Surgery, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Chair of Surgery, TCD Department of Surgery, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland Sean D. Curran FFR, RCSI Radiologist Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, New York, New York Steven A. Curley MD, FACS Professor of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas Kimberly Moore Dalal MD Assistant Clinical Professor (Volunteer) Department of Surgery, University of California at San Francisco; Chief, Surgical Oncology; Major, United States Air Force, David Grant United States Air Force Medical Center, Travis Air Force Base, California John M. Daly MD Harry C. Donahoo Professor of Surgery Department of Surgery, Sections of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology; Dean, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania David A. Dean MD Director Cardiothoracic Surgical Research; Chief, Section of Thoracic Transplantation and VAD's, Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Jochen Decaestecker MD Department of Pathology, University of Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium Evan S. Dellon MD Clinical Instructor in Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina George D. Demetri MD, FACP Assistant Professor of Medicine Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts Caroline De Vleechouwer University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium Andre D'Hoore MD, PhD University of Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium Gary E. Deng MD, PhD Physician Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York Vikram Deshpande MD Instructor in Pathology Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Frank C. Detterbeck MD, FACS, FCCP Professor and Chief Thoracic Surgery; Surgical Director, Yale Thoracic Oncology Program; Associate Director, Clinical Affairs, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut Cathy Eng MD Assistant Professor Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas Cecilia M. Fenoglio-Preiser MD Director of Gastrointestinal Pathology Ameripath Arizona, Phoenix, AZ Yuman Fong MD Professor of Surgery Weill Cornell Medical Center; Murray F. Brennan Chair in Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York Eike Gallmeier MD Department of Medicine, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximillians-University, Munich, Germany Christopher J. Gannon MD Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas Hans Gerdes MD Professor of Clinical Medicine Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Attending Physician, Department of Medicine, Memorial Hospital for Cancer and Allied Disease, New York, New York Michael Goggins MD Associate Professor Department of Pathology, Medicine, Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, Maryland Carlos A. Gonzalez MD Chief Group Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain William M. Grady MD Associate Member Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Associate Professor and Section Chief, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Mark L. Greaves MD Fellow in Medicine Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Fellow in Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Hospital for Cancer and Allied Disease, New York, New York F. Anthony Greco MD Centennial Medical Center, Sarah Cannon Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee John D. Hainsworth MD Chief Scientific Officer The Sarah Cannon Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee James P. Hamilton MD Post-doctoral Fellow Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Hepatology Fellow, Division of Gastroenterolgoy and Hepatology, Baltimore, Maryland John P. Hoffman MD Professor Department of Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine; Senior Member, Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Ralph H. Hruban MD Professor and Pathologist Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland Elizabeth T. Jacobs PhD Assistant Professor Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona Jeremy R. Jass MD, FRCPath Professor Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anesthetics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Consultant Histopathologist, Department of Cellular Pathology, St. Mark's Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom Morton S. Kahlenberg MD, FACS Associate Professor; Chief Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas Ellen Kampman PhD Associate Professor Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands David P. Kelsen MD Professor of Medicine Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Chief, Gastrointestinal Oncology Service; Edward S. Gordon Chair of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York Andrew S. Kennedy MD Co-Medical Director Wake Radiology Oncology, Cary, North Carolina Scott E. Kern MD Professor of Oncology and Pathology Departments of Oncology and Pathology, The Sidney Kemmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Michael C. Kew MD, DSc, FRCP Dora Dart Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; Senior Physician of Medicine, Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Parktown, Johannesburg, Ganteng, South Africa David S. Klimstra MD Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Weill Medical College of Cornell; Attending Pathologist and Chief of Surgical Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York Richard P. M. Koehler MD Thoracic Surgeon Department of Surgery, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington Matthew H. Kulke MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Rene Lambert MD, FRCP Visiting Scientist Group of Screening, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France Gregory Y. Lauwers MD Associate Professor of Pathology Harvard Medical School; Director of Gastrointestinal Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Theodore Lawrence MD, PhD Isadore Lampe Professor and Chair Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, University Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan Bernard Levin MD Professor of Gastrointestinal Medicine and Nutrition; Vice President and Division Head; Betty B. Marcus Chair in Cancer Prevention Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas Keith D. Lillemoe MD Jay L. Grosfeld Professor and Chairman Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine; Surgeon-in-Chief, Indiana University Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana Steven Lipkin MD, PhD Associate Professor Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine; Director, Cancer Genetics Clinic, Chao Family NCI Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Irvine, California Albert B. Lowenfels MD Professor of Surgery New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York Alessandro Lugli MD Attending Physician Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland Patrick Maisonneuve Eng Director Epidemiology Division Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy Arnold J. Markowitz MD Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Memorial Hospital for Cancer and Allied Disease, New York, New York Maria Elena Martinez MD Professor of Epidemiology and Nutrition Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona Joel B. Mason MD Associate Professor Schools of Medicine and Nutritional Science, Tufts University; Staff Physician, Divisions of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Tufts New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts Stephen J. Meltzer MD Professor and Director of GI Biomarker Research Laboratory Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospitals, Baltimore, Maryland Bruce D. Minsky Vice Chairman Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York Rajnish Mishra MD Fellow Department of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia Michael Molls MD Professor Technical University; Chief, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Keinikumtechls der lsar, Munchen, Germany Attila Nakeeb MD Associate Professor Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine; Attending Surgeon, Indiana University Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana Bernard Nordlinger MD Department of Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Boulogne, France Kenneth Offit MD, MPH Professor of Medicine Weil Medical College, Cornell University; Chief, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York Sam G. Pappas MD Assistant Professor Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin; Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Froedtert Hospital, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Donald Max Parkin MD Clinical Trials Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom Bogdan C. Paun MD Locum Tenens, Department of Surgery, Headerson General Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Freddy Penninckx MD, PhD Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium Nicholas Petrelli MD Professor of Surgery
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