Gas Processes Handbook - 2004 - AIMS | Analytical Instrumentation

194 Pages·2003·2.56 MB·English

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Gas Processes 2004 Index
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Process Categories Gas Processes Handbook - 2004
• Dehydrogenation
• Drying
• Effluent cleanup
• Flue gas treatment
• Hydrogen
• Liquid Treating
• NGL and LNG
• Pre-reforming
• Sulfur
• Sulfur recovery
• Synthesis gas
• Treating
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[ Page 1 / 2 / 3 ]
ACORN methane wash CAP—compact alkanolamine CYNARA membrane technology
ACORN partial condensation plant DeNOx and DeDioxin
ADAPT (Gas dehydration and Claus, high ratio (HCR) D'GAASS
hydrocarbon dewpointing) Claus, modified Drigas
ADIP Claus, oxygen-enriched Drizo gas dehydration
ADIP-X Clauspol Ecoteg
Advanced Amines CO2 recovery EUROCLAUS process
AET NGL recovery CO recovery and purification FLEXSORB solvents
2
AET Process NRU CO2 removal-Molecular Gate Fluor ammonia destruction
aMDEA process Cold Bed Adsorption (CBA) process
Amine Guard FS COPE Fluor CO LDSep process
2
AMINEX CRG processes—pre-reforming, Fluor Cryo-Gas process
AMMOGEN derichment, methanation Fluor ECONAMINE FG Plus
Ammonia Claus technology— CRYOMAX DCP (dual-column process
ACT propane recovery) Fluor ECONAMINE/Fluor
AQUISULF CRYOMAX MRE (multiple reflux improved ECONAMINE
Beavon-others ethane recovery) Fluor hydrogenation/amine
CrystaSulf Claus tail gas treating process
Benfield
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Fluor LNG utilization technology Hydrogen, steam methane LTGT (Lurgi tail-gas treatment
(FLUT 1) reforming (SMR) process)
Fluor oxygen enrichment Hydrogen-methanol MEDAL membrane (hydrogen)
Fluor Solvent process decomposition MegaSyn
Gas contaminants removal— Hydrogen—PRISM membrane MERICAT II
Multibed Hydrogen—PRISM PSA Merox
Gas-to-liquids (GTL) – (3) Ifpexol Morphysorb (acid gas removal
HCR—High Claus Ratio IRON SPONGE from natural gas)
High-Pressure Absorber—HPA Liquefin Multipurpose gasification
Hydrogen – (3) LNG Dual Epander Cycle N rejection—Molecular Gate
2
Hydrogen (Polybed PSA) LNG end flash MLP Natural gas sweetening—MEDAL
Hydrogen (Polysep membrane) (maxi LNG production) membrane (CO2 removal)
Hydrogen (steam reform) – (2) LNG plants NGL from LNG
Hydrogen and liquid hydro- LNG-Pro NGL recovery
carbon recovery cryogenics LO-CAT NGL-MAX
Hydrogen recovery (cryogenic) LPG recovery NGL-Pro
Hydrogen, HTCR based LRS 10—CO removal Nitrogen rejection
2
Nitrogen removal (reject)
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[ Page 1 / 2 / 3 ]
OmniSulf SORDECO Syngas—steam reforming
OxyClaus Sour water stripper (SWS) THIOLEX/REGEN
PetroFlux SRU Thiopaq DeSOx
Phillips optimized cascade LNG SulfaClean-HC Thiopaq—H S Removal
2
process SulfaTreat—Gas or air H S ThioSolv SWAATS process (sour
2
PRICO (LNG) removal water ammonia to ammonium
PURASPEC SulFerox thiosulfate)
Purisol Sulfinol Twister supersonic gas
conditioning
Rectisol Sulfint HP
Uhde STAR process (dehydro-
Resulf SULFREEN
genation of light paraffins
SCOT Sulfur degassing – (2)
to olefins)
SELEXOL Super Hy-Pro
Selexsorb SUPERCLAUS process
Separex membrane systems Sure
Shell HCN/COS hydrolysis Syngas (ATR)
technology Syngas (autothermal)
Shell sulfur degassing process Syngas—advanced SMR
Shell-Paques process Syngas—autothermal reforming
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ABB Lummus Global Inc. Haldor Topsøe A/S
Advanced Extraction Technologies Inc. HERA LLC
Advantica Technologies Ltd. Jacobs Engineering Group
Air Liquide S.A. (MEDAL, L.P.) Jacobs Nederland B.V.
Air Products & Chemcials Inc. Johnson Matthey Catalysts
Alcoa Inc. Le Gaz Integral
Alcoa World Chemicals Lurgi Oel-Gas-Chemie GmbH
Axens Merichem Chemicals & Refinery Services LLC
BASF AG NATCO Group Inc.
Black & Veatch Pritchard, Inc. OPC Drizo, Inc.
BOC Gases Parson Enery & Chemicals Group, Inc.
BP AMOCO Parsons Energy & Chemicals Group, Inc.
CB&I Howe Baker ProPure AS
CB&I TPA Prosernat IFP Group Technologies
Comprimo Sulfur Soltions Randall Gas Technologies,
Connelly-GPM, Inc. Shell Global Solutions International B.V.
ConocoPhillips Shell Paques: Paques B.V.,
Costain Oil, Gas & Process Ltd. SIIRTEC NIGI
CrystaTech, Inc. SulfaTreat
Davy Process Technology SURE Parsons/BOC
Engelhard Corp. Syntroleum Corp.
Engelhard Process Chemicals GmbH Technip
ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co. ThioSolv, LLC
Fluor Enterprises, Inc. Titan SNC Lavalin
Foster Wheeler Twister BV
Gas Technology Products LLC Uhde GmbH
Goar, Allison & Associates, Inc. UOP LLC
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Gas Processes Articles Gas Processes Handbook - 2004
• The Use of Aqueous Liquid Redox Desulfurization
Technology for the Treatment of Sour Associated
Gases at Elevated Pressure
• Cleaning Up Gasification Syngas
• Liquid Redox Enhances Claus Process
• The State of Iron-Redox Sulfur Plant Technology:
New Developments to a Long-Established Process
Technology
• Suncor’s Optimization of a Sulfur Recovery Facility
Main Menu P rocess Categories Gas Processes 2004 Index Contributor Index Gas Processes Articles
Gas Processes Handbook - 2004
ARTICLES PROCESSES
• The Use of Aqueous Liquid Redox Liquid treating
Desulfurization Technology for the AMINEX
Treatment of Sour Associated Gases MERICAT II
Devising a comprehensive, flexible hydrogen sulfide
(HS) removal/recovery solution requires more than THIOLEX/REGEN
2 at Elevated Pressure
systems, media and equipment – it requires expertise.
With more than twenty-five years of experience in HS
2 Sulfur
removal, Gas Technology Products LLC understands the • Cleaning Up Gasification Syngas
needs of every operator and every plant. LO-CAT
Gas Technology Productsprovides a full line of • Liquid Redox Enhances Claus
complementary hydrogen sulfide oxidation products:
Process
LO-CAT® and LO-CAT® II, Sulfur-Rite® and The
Eliminator™ processes, along with its ARI®-100
mercaptan oxidation products and engineering services. • The State of Iron-Redox Sulfur Plant
GTP offers both liquid and solid media desulfurization
Technology: New Developments to
technologies to sweeten gas streams and ventilation air
containing virtually any levels of hydrogen sulfide or
a Long-Established Process
mercaptans – for systems of widely ranging capacities.
For any size or type application, GTP offers complete Technology
turnkey systems and can take total system responsibility.
As a wholly owned subsidiary of Merichem Chemicals & • Suncor’s Optimization of a Sulfur
Refinery Services LLC, Gas Technology Products LLC is a
part of a fully integrated organization with unmatched Recovery Facility
technical knowledge, applications expertise, and world-
wide service coverage.
Gas Processes 2004 Dehydrogenation
Uhde STAR process fuel gas, the olefin is the only product. High-purity H
2
HP steam may optionally be recoverd from light-ends in the
(dehydrogenation of light
Air gas separation section.
Fuel gas
paraffins to olefins) Feed Economics:Typical specific consumption figures (for
Raw gas
Star preheater compression Fuel gas polymer-grade propylene production) are shown(per
reformer ton of propylene product):
Application:The steam active reforming (STAR) pro-
cess produces (a) propylene as feedstock for polypropy- O /air Propane 1,200 kg/metric ton
2
Fuel gas 6.4 kJ/metric ton
lene, propylene oxide, cumene, acrylonitrile or other Oxy Heat Gas
Cooling water 220 m3/metric ton
reactor recovery separation
propylene derivatives, and (b) butylenes as feedstock Electrical energy 180 kWh/metric ton
for methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), alkylate, isooc- Hydrocarbon feed
Olefin Installations:Two commercial plants using the STAR
tane, polybutylenes or other butylene derivatives. Boiler feed water product
process for dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobuty-
Fractionation
Process condensate
Feed: Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) from gas fields, lene have been commissioned (in the US and
Process steam Hydrocarbon
gas condensate fields and refineries. recycle Argentina). More than 60 Uhde reformers and 25
Uhde secondary reformers have been constructed
Product: Propylene (polymer- or chemical-grade);
worldwide.
isobutylene; n-butylenes; high-purity hydrogen (H ) dehydrogenation over the same catalyst. Exothermic
2
may also be produced as a byproduct. selective H conversion in the oxyreactor increases References: Heinritz-Adrian, M., N. Thiagarajan, S.
2
olefin product space-time yield and supplies heat for Wenzel and H. Gehrke, “STAR—Uhde’s dehydro-
Description: The fresh paraffin feedstock is com-
further endothermic dehydrogenation. The reaction genation technology (an alternative route to C -and
bined with paraffin recycle and internally generated 3
takes place at temperature between 500°C–600°C C -olefins),” ERTC Petrochemical 2003, Paris, France,
steam. After preheating, the feed is sent to the reac- 4
and at 4 bar–6 bar. March 2003.
tion section. This section consists of an externally
The Uhde reformer is top-fired and has a proprietary Thiagarajan, N., U. Ranke and F. Ennenbach,
fired tubular fixed-bed reactor (Uhde reformer) con-
“cold” outlet manifold system to enhance reliability. “Propane/butane dehydrogenation by steam active
nected in series with an adiabatic fixed-bed oxyreac-
Heat recovery utilizes process heat for high-pressure reforming,” Achema 2000, Frankfurt, Germany, May
tor (secondary reformer type). In the reformer, the
steam generation, feed preheat and for heat required 2000.
endothermic dehydrogenation reaction takes place
in the fractionation section.
over a proprietary, noble metal catalyst. Licensor: Uhde GmbH, Dortmund, Germany
After cooling and condensate separation, the prod-
In the adiabatic oxyreactor, part of the hydrogen
Contact:
uct is subsequently compressed, light-ends are sepa-
from the intermediate product leaving the reformer
E-mail: [email protected]
rated and the olefin product is separated from uncon-
is selectively converted with added oxygen or air,
verted paraffins in the fractionation section.
thereby forming steam. This is followed by further
Apart from light-ends, which are internally used as
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