Gas Injection for Disposal and Enhanced Recovery

421 Pages·2014·6.563 MB·English

by  Carroll, John J., Li, Qi, Wu, Ying

Gas Injection for Disposal
and Enhanced Recovery
Scrivener Publishing
100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J
Beverly, MA 01915-6106
Publishers at Scrivener
Martin Scrivener([email protected])
Phillip Carmical ([email protected])
Gas Injection for
Disposal and Enhanced
Recovery
Edited by
Ying Wu
Sphere Technology Connection
John J. Carroll
Gas Liquids Engineering
Qi Li
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Copyright © 2014 by Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.
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Cover design by Kris Hackerott
Library of Congr ess Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
ISBN 978-1-118-93856-0
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Preface xvii
Section 1: Data and Correlations
1 Densities of Carbon Dioxide-Rich Mixtures Part I: Comparison
with Pure CO 1
2
Erin L. Roberts and John J. Carroll
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Density 2
1.3 Literature Review 2
1.3.1 CO + Methane 2
2
1.3.2 CO + Nitrogen 4
2
1.4 Calculations 4
1.4.1 Kay’s Rule 6
1.4.2 Modifi ed Kay’s Rule 12
1.4.3 Prausnitz-Gunn 19
1.5 Discussion 19
1.6 Conclusion 27
References 27
2 Densities of Carbon Dioxide-Rich Mixtures Part II:
Comparison with Th ermodynamic Models 29
Erin L. Roberts and John J. Carroll
2.1 Introduction 29
2.2 Literature Review 30
2.3 Calculations 30
2.4 Lee Kesler 31
2.5 Benedict-Webb- Rubin (BWR) 37
2.6 Peng-Robinson 43
2.7 Soave-Redlich-Kwong 49
2.8 AQUAlibrium 54
v
vi Contents
2.9 Discussion 60
2.10 Conclusion 62
References 63
3 On Transferring New Constant Pressure Heat Capacity
Computation Methods to Engineering Practice 65
Sepideh Rajaeirad and John M. Shaw
3.1 Introduction 65
3.2 Materials and Methods 66
3.3 Results and Discussion 67
3.4 Conclusions 70
References 70
4 Developing High Precision Heat Capacity Correlations
for Solids, Liquids and Ideal Gases 73
Jenny Boutros and John M. Shaw
4.1 Introduction 73
4.2 Databases and Methods 75
4.3 Results and Discussion 77
4.4 Conclusion 77
References 77
5 Method for Generating Shale Gas Fluid Composition from
Depleted Sample 79
Henrik Sørensen, Karen S. Pedersen and Peter L. Christensen
5.1 Introduction 79
5.2 Th eory of Chemical Equilibrium Applied
to Reservoir Fluids 80
5.3 Reservoir Fluid Composition from a
Non-Representative Sample 83
5.3.1 Depleted Gas Condensate Samples 83
5.3.2 Samples from Tight Reservoirs 86
5.4 Numerical Examples 87
5.4.1 Depleted Gas Condensate Samples 87
5.4.2 Samples from Tight Reservoirs 92
5.5 Discussion of the Results 94
5.6 Conclusions 96
5.7 Nomenclature 97
Contents vii
Greek letters 97
Sub and super indices 97
References 98
6 Phase Equilibrium in the Systems Hydrogen
Sulfi de + Methanol and Carbon Dioxide + Methanol 99
Marco A. Satyro and John J. Carroll
6.1 Introduction 100
6.2 Literature Review 101
6.2.1 Hydrogen Sulfi de + Methanol 101
6.2.2 Carbon Dioxide + Methanol 101
6.3 Modelling With Equations Of State 102
6.4 Summary 107
6.5 Nomenclature 108
Greek 109
Subscripts 109
References 109
7 Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium, Viscosity and Interfacial
Tension Modelling of Aqueous Solutions of Ethylene
Glycol or Triethylene Glycol in the Presence of Methane,
Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Sulfi de 111
Shu Pan, Na Jia, Helmut Schroeder, Yuesheng Cheng,
Kurt A.G. Schmidt and Heng-Joo Ng
7.1 Introduction 111
7.2 Results and Discussion 112
7.2.1 Experimental 112
7.2.2 Vapour Liquid Equilibrium and Phase Density
Modeling 113
7.2.3 Liquid-Phase Viscosity Modeling 117
7.2.4 Interfacial Tension Modeling 118
7.2.5 Commercial Soft ware Comparison 119
7.3 Conclusions 122
7.4 Nomenclature 122
7.5 Acknowledgement 125
References 124
Appendix 7.A 125
viii Contents
Section 2: Process Engineering
8 Enhanced Gas Dehydration using Methanol
Injection in an Acid Gas Compression System 129
M. Rafay Anwar, N. Wayne McKay and Jim R. Maddocks
8.1 Introduction 129
8.2 Methodology 130
8.2.1 Modeling Soft ware 130
8.2.2 Simulation Setup 131
8.3 CASE I: 100 % CO 132
2
8.3.1 How Much to Dehydrate 132
8.3.2 Dehydration using Air Coolers 135
8.3.3 Methanol injection for hydrate suppression 136
8.3.4 Methanol Injection for Achieving 2:1
Water Content 136
8.3.5 DexPro™ for Achieving 2:1 Water Content 137
8.4 CASE II: 50 Percent CO , 50 Percent H S 140
2 2
8.4.1- How Much to Dehydrate? 140
8.4.2 Dehydration using Air Coolers 141
8.4.3 Methanol Injection for Hydrate Suppression 141
8.4.4 Methanol Injection for Achieving 2:1
Water Content 141
8.4.5 DexPro™ for Achieving 2:1 Water Content 142
8.5 CASE III: Enhanced Oil Recovery Composition 142
8.5.1 How Much to Dehydrate? 142
8.5.2 Enhanced Oil Recovery using Methanol 146
8.6 Conclusion 150
8.7 Additional Notes 151
References 151
9 Comparison of the Design of CO -capture Processes
2
using Equilibrium and Rate Based Models 153
A.R.J. Arendsen, G.F. Versteeg, J. van der Lee,
R. Cota and M.A. Satyro
9.1 Introduction 155
9.2 VMG Rate Base 155
9.3 Rate Based Versus Equilibrium Based Models 157
9.3.1 Physical Absorption 158
9.3.2 Isothermal Absorption with Chemical Reactions 160