Game Engine Architecture, Second Edition

1018 Pages·2014·65.05 MB·English

by  Jason Gregory

Computer Game Development Gregory
S E C O N D E D I T I O N
SECOND EDITION Game Engine
G
Game Engine Architecture
a
The highly recommended first edition of Game Engine Architecture provided a
m
complete guide to the theory and practice of game engine software development.
Architecture
Updating the content to match today’s landscape of game engine architecture, this
e
second edition continues to thoroughly cover the major components that make up a
typical commercial game engine.
E
New to the Second Edition
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• Information on new topics, including the latest variant of the C++ programming
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language, C++11, and the architecture of the eighth generation of gaming consoles,
the Xbox One and PlayStation 4 i
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• New chapter on audio technology covering the fundamentals of the physics,
mathematics, and technology that go into creating an AAA game audio engine e
• Updated sections on multicore programming, pipelined CPU architecture and
optimization, localization, pseudovectors and Grassman algebra, dual quaternions, A
SIMD vector math, memory alignment, and anti-aliasing
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• Insight into the making of Naughty Dog’s latest hit, The Last of Us
c
The book presents the theory underlying various subsystems that comprise a h
commercial game engine as well as the data structures, algorithms, and software
i
interfaces that are typically used to implement them. It primarily focuses on the engine t
itself, including a host of low-level foundation systems, the rendering engine, the e
collision system, the physics simulation, character animation, and audio. An in-depth c
discussion on the “gameplay foundation layer” delves into the game’s object model,
t
world editor, event system, and scripting system. The text also touches on some
u
aspects of gameplay programming, including player mechanics, cameras, and AI.
r
An awareness-building tool and a jumping-off point for further learning, Game Engine e
Architecture, Second Edition gives you a solid understanding of both the theory and

common practices employed within each of the engineering disciplines covered. The
book will help you on your journey through this fascinating and multifaceted field.
J a s o n G r e g o r y
S E C O N D
Richard Lemarchand
K15874 E D I T I O N FOREWORD BY
S E C O N D E D I T I O N
Game Engine
Architecture
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
S E C O N D E D I T I O N
Game Engine
Architecture

J a s o n G r e g o r y
Lead Programmer, Naughty Dog Inc.
Richard Lemarchand
FOREWORD BY
Boca Raton London New York
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Version Date: 20140624
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Dedicatedto
Trina,EvanandQuinnGregory,
inmemoryofourheroes,
JoyceOsterhus,KennethGregoryandEricaGregory.
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
Contents
ForewordtotheFirstEdition xiii
ForewordtotheSecondEdition xvii
PrefacetotheFirstEdition xxi
PrefacetotheSecondEdition xxiii
Acknowledgements xxiv
I Foundations 1
1 Introduction 3
1.1 StructureofaTypicalGameTeam 5
1.2 WhatIsaGame? 8
1.3 WhatIsaGameEngine? 11
1.4 EngineDifferencesAcrossGenres 13
1.5 GameEngineSurvey 26
vii
viii CONTENTS
1.6 RuntimeEngineArchitecture 32
1.7 ToolsandtheAssetPipeline 54
2 ToolsoftheTrade 63
2.1 VersionControl 63
2.2 MicrosoftVisualStudio 73
2.3 ProfilingTools 91
2.4 MemoryLeakandCorruptionDetection 93
2.5 OtherTools 94
3 FundamentalsofSoftwareEngineeringforGames 97
3.1 C++ReviewandBestPractices 97
3.2 Data,CodeandMemory 112
3.3 CatchingandHandlingErrors 144
3.4 Pipelines,CachesandOptimization 152
4 3DMathforGames 165
4.1 Solving3DProblemsin2D 165
4.2 PointsandVectors 166
4.3 Matrices 181
4.4 Quaternions 200
4.5 ComparisonofRotationalRepresentations 209
4.6 OtherUsefulMathematicalObjects 213
4.7 Hardware-AcceleratedSIMDMath 218
4.8 RandomNumberGeneration 227
II Low-Level Engine Systems 229
5 EngineSupportSystems 231
5.1 SubsystemStart-UpandShut-Down 231
5.2 MemoryManagement 239
5.3 Containers 254
5.4 Strings 274
5.5 EngineConfiguration 290
CONTENTS ix
6 ResourcesandtheFileSystem 297
6.1 FileSystem 298
6.2 TheResourceManager 308
7 TheGameLoopandReal-TimeSimulation 339
7.1 TheRenderingLoop 339
7.2 TheGameLoop 340
7.3 GameLoopArchitecturalStyles 343
7.4 AbstractTimelines 346
7.5 MeasuringandDealingwithTime 348
7.6 MultiprocessorGameLoops 361
7.7 NetworkedMultiplayerGameLoops 375
8 HumanInterfaceDevices(HID) 381
8.1 TypesofHumanInterfaceDevices 381
8.2 InterfacingwithaHID 383
8.3 TypesofInputs 385
8.4 TypesofOutputs 391
8.5 GameEngineHIDSystems 392
8.6 HumanInterfaceDevicesinPractice 409
9 ToolsforDebuggingandDevelopment 411
9.1 LoggingandTracing 411
9.2 DebugDrawingFacilities 416
9.3 In-GameMenus 423
9.4 In-GameConsole 426
9.5 DebugCamerasandPausingtheGame 427
9.6 Cheats 427
9.7 ScreenshotsandMovieCapture 428
9.8 In-GameProfiling 429
9.9 In-GameMemoryStatsandLeakDetection 436
III Graphics, Motion and Sound 441
10 TheRenderingEngine 443